Corneal infection in Shandong peninsula of China: a10-year retrospective study on 578 cases

AIM：To determine the epidemiological characteristics,clinical signs,laboratory findings,and outcomes in patients with corneal infection in Shandong peninsula of China.·METHODS：The medical records of 578 inpatients（578eyes）with corneal infection were reviewed retrospectively for demographic characteristics,risk factors,seasonal variation,clinical signs,laboratory findings,and treatment strategy.Patient history,ocular examination findings using slit-lamp biomicroscopy,laboratory findings resulted from microbiological cultures,and treatment.·RESULTS：Fungal keratitis constituted 58.48%of cases of infectious keratitis among the inpatients,followed by herpes simplex keratitis（20.76%）,bacterial keratitis（19.03%）and acanthamoeba keratitis（1.73%）.The most common risk factor was corneal trauma（71.80%）.The direct microscopic examination（338 cases）using potassium hydroxide（KOH）wet mounts was positive in296 cases（87.57%）.Among the 298 fungal culturepositive cases,Fusarium species were the most common isolates（70.47%）.A total of 517 cases（89.45%）received surgical intervention,including 255（44.12%）cases of penetrating keratoplasty,74（12.80%）cases of lamellar keratoplasty which has become increasingly popular,and77 cases（13.32%）of evisceration or enucleation.·CONCLUSION：At present,infectious keratitis is a primary corneal disease causing blindness in China.With Fusarium species being the most commonly identified pathogens,fungal keratitis is the leading cause of severe infectious corneal ulcers in Shandong peninsula of China.

Retrospective study on Professor Zhongying Zhou's experience in Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment on diabetic nephropathy

OBJECTIVE:To study and analyze the etiology and pathogenesis,diagnosis and prescription for cases of diabetic nephropathy(DN) treated by Professor Zhongying Zhou(Prof.Zhou) with the help of dada mining technique,so as to inherit his clinical experience and academic thoughts.METHODS:After pretreatment of the medical record information,statistical software SPSS 13.0 was used to analyze and process the standardized data using the descriptive analysis,cluster analysis and association rules.RESULTS:Ninety-four entries derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) four-diagnostic information were selected.Through data mining,the highest frequency was yellow-thin-greasy tongue coating,followed by dark tongue,and then by thready-slippery pulse.The main self-conscious symptoms were limb numbness,dry mouth,frequent micturition,etc.With respect to pathogenesis,the etiology related to kidney reached 73.46%.The frequency of pathological factors for deficiency,blood stasis,heat,dampness,phlegm and dryness were 137.65%,80.25%,78.40%,48.77%,21.60%,and 14.20% respectively.A total of 236 kinds of herbs were used 2913 person times,averaging 17.98 herbs per prescription.CONCLUSION:The pathological location of DN is in the kidney.The pathogenesis of the disease is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality,the former of which include deficiency of the liver and kidney,and deficiency of both Qi and Yin.The main pathological factors are blood stasis,heat,dampness,phlegm,and dryness;and they act upon each other to form the complex pathogenesis in terms of blood stasis-heat,dampness-heat,phlegm-heat,and dryness-heat.All the above factors are always crucial in the aggravation of DN throughout the whole course of its pathological evolution.