Two complementary firms＇ information sharing and security investment are investigated. When two complementary firms with heterogeneous assets are both breached, it is assumed that they suffer different losses which a...Two complementary firms＇ information sharing and security investment are investigated. When two complementary firms with heterogeneous assets are both breached, it is assumed that they suffer different losses which are associated with their information assets. Some insights about optimal strategies for the firms and the attacker are obtained by the game theory, which forms a comparison with those derived from substitutable firms, and those derived from complementary firms with homogenous loss. In addition, both the unit transform cost of investment and the extent of firms＇loss affect the optimal strategies.Assuming that firms can control information sharing, security investments and both of them, respectively, the effect of the social planner is further analyzed on the information sharing, firms＇ aggregate defence, the aggregate attack and social total cost. Finally, some policy advice is provided through numerical simulation. Results show that firms are willing to choose security investment centrally rather than individually, but an intervention in information sharing by the social planner may not necessarily be preferable.展开更多
We investigate the total variance of a quantum state with respect to a complete set of mutually complementary measurements and its relation to the Brukner–Zeilinger invariant information.By summing the variances over...We investigate the total variance of a quantum state with respect to a complete set of mutually complementary measurements and its relation to the Brukner–Zeilinger invariant information.By summing the variances over any complete set of mutually unbiased measurements and general symmetric informationally complete measurements respectively,we show that the Brukner–Zeilinger invariant information associated with such types of quantum measurements is equal to the difference between the maximal variance and the total variance obtained.These results provide an operational link between the previous interpretations of the Brukner–Zeilinger invariant information.展开更多
目的:把握目前国际补充替代医学(complementary and alternativemedicine,CAM)研究的发展态势,为我国中医药相关工作的开展提供参考依据和科学的量化信息支持。方法:以PubMed数据库为检索源,国际CAM科技论文为研究对象,采用普赖斯指数...目的:把握目前国际补充替代医学(complementary and alternativemedicine,CAM)研究的发展态势,为我国中医药相关工作的开展提供参考依据和科学的量化信息支持。方法:以PubMed数据库为检索源,国际CAM科技论文为研究对象,采用普赖斯指数增长定律、布拉德福定律等信息计量学经典方法和关联规则等文本挖掘技术,对目前国际CAM研究的文献增长规律,高生产力国家、机构,核心期刊,以及研究的热点、前沿领域进行系统、全面的分析。结果:1998～2010年,国际CAM科技论文量呈上升趋势,且增长规律符合普赖斯指数增长定律;开展CAM研究的国家和地区范围广泛;期刊分布核心趋势明显;高等院校是研究的主体;植物药、针灸、心身疗法、整体疗法等是研究的热点疗法;肿瘤(乳腺癌)、慢性疾病(中风、糖尿病、高血压)、心身疾病(心理应激、焦虑、抑郁、精神障碍)、疼痛(下腰背痛、颈痛)等则是采用CAM疗法进行干预的主要病症。结论:CAM研究将继续增加;肿瘤的CAM防治研究仍是世界范围内的关注重点;主要疗法的临床疗效、安全性与生物学基础是CAM研究的重要任务;心身疗法研究不断增多,临床疗效与生物机制研究是关键;CAM干预症状受到重视,研究前景广阔;CAM符合并有助于促进现代医学模式的发展与完善;中医药是CAM研究的重要领域,中国的优势地位面临挑战。展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71371050)
文摘Two complementary firms＇ information sharing and security investment are investigated. When two complementary firms with heterogeneous assets are both breached, it is assumed that they suffer different losses which are associated with their information assets. Some insights about optimal strategies for the firms and the attacker are obtained by the game theory, which forms a comparison with those derived from substitutable firms, and those derived from complementary firms with homogenous loss. In addition, both the unit transform cost of investment and the extent of firms＇loss affect the optimal strategies.Assuming that firms can control information sharing, security investments and both of them, respectively, the effect of the social planner is further analyzed on the information sharing, firms＇ aggregate defence, the aggregate attack and social total cost. Finally, some policy advice is provided through numerical simulation. Results show that firms are willing to choose security investment centrally rather than individually, but an intervention in information sharing by the social planner may not necessarily be preferable.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11805143 and 11675113Beijing Municipal Commission of Education under Grant No.KZ201810028042。
文摘We investigate the total variance of a quantum state with respect to a complete set of mutually complementary measurements and its relation to the Brukner–Zeilinger invariant information.By summing the variances over any complete set of mutually unbiased measurements and general symmetric informationally complete measurements respectively,we show that the Brukner–Zeilinger invariant information associated with such types of quantum measurements is equal to the difference between the maximal variance and the total variance obtained.These results provide an operational link between the previous interpretations of the Brukner–Zeilinger invariant information.
文摘目的:把握目前国际补充替代医学(complementary and alternativemedicine,CAM)研究的发展态势,为我国中医药相关工作的开展提供参考依据和科学的量化信息支持。方法:以PubMed数据库为检索源,国际CAM科技论文为研究对象,采用普赖斯指数增长定律、布拉德福定律等信息计量学经典方法和关联规则等文本挖掘技术,对目前国际CAM研究的文献增长规律,高生产力国家、机构,核心期刊,以及研究的热点、前沿领域进行系统、全面的分析。结果:1998～2010年,国际CAM科技论文量呈上升趋势,且增长规律符合普赖斯指数增长定律;开展CAM研究的国家和地区范围广泛;期刊分布核心趋势明显;高等院校是研究的主体;植物药、针灸、心身疗法、整体疗法等是研究的热点疗法;肿瘤(乳腺癌)、慢性疾病(中风、糖尿病、高血压)、心身疾病(心理应激、焦虑、抑郁、精神障碍)、疼痛(下腰背痛、颈痛)等则是采用CAM疗法进行干预的主要病症。结论:CAM研究将继续增加;肿瘤的CAM防治研究仍是世界范围内的关注重点;主要疗法的临床疗效、安全性与生物学基础是CAM研究的重要任务;心身疗法研究不断增多,临床疗效与生物机制研究是关键;CAM干预症状受到重视,研究前景广阔;CAM符合并有助于促进现代医学模式的发展与完善;中医药是CAM研究的重要领域,中国的优势地位面临挑战。
