Correlation analyses of covering and righting behaviors to fitness related traits of the sea urchin Glyptocidaris crenularis in different environmental conditions

Complex marine benthic environments shape a number of ecologically important behaviors in sea urchins, including covering and righting behaviors. The present study correlated covering and righting behaviors to a series of fi tness-related traits in sea urchins. Righting response time of Glyptocidaris crenularis was signifi cantly positively correlated with body size, but signifi cantly negatively correlated with food consumption. Covering behavior was not signifi cantly correlated with test diameter, test height or body weight, but covering response time was negatively correlated with body weight. A signifi cantly negative correlation was found between righting response time and covering response time. Glyptocidaris crenularis showed a signifi cantly positive correlation in covering response time with and without exposure to poured sand, but no signifi cance in covering ability(number of shells used to cover). The present study provides new insight into internal mechanisms and evolutionary drives of covering and righting behaviors of sea urchins.

Prototype Design and Experimental Study on Locust Air-Posture Righting

Locust has the capacity to maintain a righting posture and glide through attitude adjustment after leaping. A prototype inspired by the dynamic mechanism of attitude adjustment of locusts was developed. The prototype consists of a pair of wings driven by a four-bar mechanism, and a 2 Degree of Freedom （DOF） tail to imitate the movement of the locust abdomen. The power source, microcontroller, wireless data transmission module, and attitude sensors are contained in the fuselage. Experiments imitating the flight of locust were conducted to determine the mechanism of locust Subsequent Attitude Adjustment （SAA）. The tethered prototype was driven by the movement of the tail and the flapping of the wings. Results show that the pitch and yaw of the tail, and the asymmetric action of the flapping wings significantly influence the posture of the prototype. These findings suggest that both the wiggling abdomen and flapping wings contribute to the locust SAA in the air. This research lays the groundwork and technical support for the probable design and development of practical jumping robots with attitude adjustment function.

Comparative study of living donor kidney transplants:Right vs left

BACKGROUND Transplant teams often hesitate to use the right kidney(RK)in living donor(LD)transplants due to the complexities of anastomosing the short,thin-walled right renal veins,which can potentially lead to graft loss or graft dysfunction.Nevertheless,circumstances may arise where selecting the RK over the left kidney(LK)is unavoidable.Consequently,it is crucial to thoroughly examine the implications of such a choice on the overall transplant outcome.AIM To compare transplant outcomes between recipients of RK and LK while examining the factors that influence these outcomes.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from adult patients who received LD kidney transplants involving meticulous patient selection and surgical techniques at our center from January 2020 to December 2023.We included all kidney donors who were over 18,fit to donate,and had undergone diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid split function and/or computed tomography based volumetry.The variables examined comprised donor and recipient demographics,and outcome measures included technical graft loss(TGL),delayed or slow graft function(SGF),and post-transplant serum creatinine(SC)trends.We used a logistic regression model to assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes considering the donor kidney side.RESULTS Of the 250 transplants performed during the period,56(22%)were RKs.The recipient demographics and transplant factors were comparable for the right and LKs,except that the donor warm and cold ischemia time were shorter for RKs.TGL and SGF each occurred in 2%(n=1)of RKs and 0.5%(n=1)of LKs,the difference being insignificant.These complications,however,were not related to the venous anastomosis.One RK(2%)developed delayed graft function after 48 hours,which was attributable to postoperative hypoxia rather than the surgical technique.The post-transplant SC trend and mean SC at the last follow-up were similar across both kidney sides.CONCLUSION The donor kidney side has little impact on post-transplant adverse events and graft function in LD transplants,provided that careful patient selection and precise surgical techniques are employed.

肝性脑病临床指南和共识的质量评价及推荐意见研究

目的:采用AGREEⅡ和RIGHT工具对肝性脑病(HE)指南性文件的方法学质量和报告质量进行评价,并对推荐意见及证据进行总结和比较,为未来HE指南性文件的制定及临床实践提供参考。方法:计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、PubMed、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、维普(VIP)、万方(Wanfang)、WHO、国际指南协作网(GIN)、美国国立指南文库(NGC)、英国国家临床优化研究所(NICE)、苏格兰院际间协作网(SIGN)和医脉通数据库(Medlive),检索时限为2003年1月至2023年1月。由两名肝病研究人员独立使用AGREEⅡ和RIGHT对纳入指南性文件的方法学质量和报告质量进行评价,并对循证方法制订的指南性文件的推荐意见和证据进行整理和比较。结果:共纳入14篇文献,其中9篇指南,5篇共识;中文2篇,英文12篇;使用循证方法制订的有12篇。B级7部,C级7部。AGREEⅡ各领域平均得分分别为:范围与目的(40.87%)、参与人员(26.98%)、制订严谨性(23.96%)、表达清晰性(47.22%)、应用性(17.26%)、编辑独立性(18.75%)。RIGHT各领域平均得分分别为:基本信息(60.42%)、背景(40.85%)、证据(43.57%)、推荐意见(43.88%)、评审和质量保证(16.96%)、资金资助与利益冲突声明和管理(17.56%)、其他方面(38.10%)。主要推荐意见涉及筛查与诊断、治疗、营养管理和预防。结论:纳入的HE指南性文件在方法学质量和报告质量方面整体得分较低。在方法学质量方面,参与人员、制订严谨性、应用性和编辑独立性仍有待提高。在报告质量方面,评审和质量保证,资金资助与利益冲突声明和管理领域需要进一步报告。未来可增进HE放射性示踪成像和神经生理学研究,为HE的主动诊断提供进一步参考,并形成“药物治疗-营养管理-复发预防”的HE管理模式。

Seeing beneath the surface:Harnessing point-of-care ultrasound for internal jugular vein evaluation

Point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)of the internal jugular vein(IJV)offers a noninvasive means of estimating right atrial pressure(RAP),especially in cases where the inferior vena cava is inaccessible or unreliable due to conditions such as liver disease or abdominal surgery.While many clinicians are familiar with visually assessing jugular venous pressure through the internal jugular vein,this method lacks sensitivity.The utilization of POCUS significantly enhances the visualization of the vein,leading to a more accurate identification.It has been demonstrated that combining IJV POCUS with physical examination enhances the specificity of RAP estimation.This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the various sonographic techniques available for estimating RAP from the internal jugular vein,drawing upon existing data.

Expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 is positively correlated with the autophagy level in colon cancer

BACKGROUND Cyclin-dependent kinase 9(CDK9)expression and autophagy in colorectal cancer(CRC)tissues has not been widely studied.CDK9,a key regulator of transcription,may influence the occurrence and progression of CRC.The expression of auto-phagy-related genes BECN1 and drug resistance factor ABCG2 may also play a role in CRC.Under normal physiological conditions,autophagy can inhibit tumorigenesis,but once a tumor forms,autophagy may promote tumor growth.Therefore,understanding the relationship between autophagy and cancer,partic-ularly how autophagy promotes tumor growth after its formation,is a key motivation for this research.AIM To investigate the relationship between CDK9 expression and autophagy in CRC,assess differences in autophagy between left and right colon cancer,and analyze the associations of autophagy-related genes with clinical features and prognosis.METHODS We collected tumor tissues and paracarcinoma tissues from colon cancer patients with liver metastasis to observe the level of autophagy in tissues with high levels of CDK9 and low levels of CDK9.We also collected primary tissue from left and right colon cancer patients with liver metastasis to compare the autophagy levels and the expression of BECN1 and ABCG2 in the tumor and paracarcinoma tissues.RESULTS The incidence of autophagy and the expression of BECN1 and ABCG2 were different in left and right colon cancer,and autophagy might be involved in the occurrence of chemotherapy resistance.Further analysis of the rela-tionship between the expression of autophagy-related genes CDK9,ABCG2,and BECN1 and the clinical features and prognosis of colorectal cancer showed that the high expression of CDK9 indicated a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer.CONCLUSION This study laid the foundation for further research on the combination of CDK9 inhibitors and autophagy inhibitors in the treatment of patients with CRC.

基于AGREEⅡ和RIGHT对医患沟通指南的质量评价研究

目的对医患沟通的临床实践指南进行方法学和报告质量评价,以期确定高质量指南,提供临床参考。方法通过检索MEDLINE(PubMed)、Web of Science、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台、维普(VIP),补充医脉通、用药助手、丁香园网站的相关临床实践指南(CPG),使用AGREEⅡ和RIGHT工具进行指南质量评价,采用组内相关系数(ICC)用于评估评审者对每个项目理解的一致性。结果共纳入2份临床实践指南,每个领域的评审人员的总体一致性是可以接受的。AGREEⅡ评价结果显示,2篇指南推荐级别均为B级,CPG所有7个领域的平均报告率为50.64%,其中领域1最高(88.89%),领域3最低(30.95%)。RIGHT评价结果显示,指南平均报告率为29.22%。结论医患沟通相关指南质量与数量仍有待提高,指南制订者应严格按照AGREEⅡ和RIGHT的要求规范撰写,以期提出高水平、高标准的循证指南,来指导医护人员的临床实践。

我国循证针灸临床实践指南评价研究

目的对我国循证针灸临床实践指南透明度及报告完整度进行评价,以期进一步提升针灸临床实践指南的科学性与临床适用性。方法以我国循证针灸临床实践指南为研究对象,利用临床实践指南透明度评价工具及RIGHT for acupuncture进行评价。结果共纳入指南28部,其中4部在人员遴选阶段达到透明,2部在推荐意见形成过程达到透明,1部在指南报告过程达到透明,其余指南未达到透明;RIGHT for acupuncture结果显示,各领域平均报告率依次为基本信息(50.00%)、评审和质量保证(50.00%)、背景(46.75%)、推荐意见(40.18%)、证据(40.00%)、资助与利益冲突声明及管理(7.14%)、其他(4.76%)。结论我国循证针灸临床实践指南存在过程报告不清、方法学不完善或利益冲突管理欠缺的情况。在今后指南制定过程中,应不断完善针灸指南制定方法,提高指南质量和透明度。

Addressing Japan’s disposal of nuclear-contaminated water from the perspective of international human rights law

The discharge of nuclear-contaminated water containing radionuclides into the ocean by Japan will lead to its integration into the entire ecosystem through processes of circulation and biomagnification,eventually entering the human body via the food chain.This poses a substantial risk of irreversible damage to both the ecosystem and human health,a situation that will worsen with the ongoing discharge of such water.The respect and protection of human rights represent an international consensus,and safeguarding fundamental human rights is a substantial obligation that states must undertake in accordance with both international and domestic law.Since the Fukushima nuclear disaster,Japan has continuously violated its international legal obligations to protect human rights in several areas,including the resettlement of disaster victims,the reduction of nuclear radiation levels,and the handling of contaminated water.Such actions have compromised and will continue to compromise the basic human rights of not only its citizens but also those of people worldwide,including environmental rights,the right to life,development rights,and food rights.In the aftermath of the Fukushima meltdown,the public and workers involved in handling nuclear contaminants have been continually exposed to high radiation levels,endangering their rights to life,development,and health.Japan’s inadequate efforts in victim resettlement and environmental restoration have jeopardized the environmental and food rights of its citizens to live healthily and access food in an environment unaffected by nuclear radiation.The release of nuclear-contaminated water poses a risk of Japan’s nuclear pollution to the people of neighboring countries and the global population at large.The principle of human rights underpins the theory of a community with a shared future for humanity,and human rights are a crucial area of China’s active participation in United Nations affairs and global governance.By voicing concerns over Japan’s potential human rights violations globally,China demonstrates its role as a responsible major country.In response to Japan’s breach of legal obligations and human rights violations,China can adopt a reasoned and beneficial approach,including calling on the international community to hold Japan criminally accountable for crimes against humanity under the Rome Statute and advancing scholarly discussions on ecocide and crimes against the marine environment.Furthermore,China should persist in seeking advisory opinions from the International Court of Justice and strive for substantive accountability,utilizing the mechanisms of international human rights organizations to make its voice heard.

Laparoscopic right radical hemicolectomy: Central vascular ligation and complete mesocolon excision vs D3 lymphadenectomy - How I do it?

In colon cancer surgery,ensuring the complete removal of the primary tumor and draining lymph nodes is crucial.Lymphatic drainage in the colon follows the vascular supply,typically progressing from pericolic to paraaortic lymph nodes.While NCCN guidelines recommend the removal of 10-12 lymph nodes for ade-quate oncological resection,achieving complete oncological resection involves more than just meeting these numerical targets.Various techniques have been developed and studied over time to attain optimal oncological outcomes.A key technique central to this goal is identifying the ileocolic vessels at their origin from the superior mesenteric vessels.Complete excision of the visceral and parietal mesocolon ensures the intact removal of the specimen,while D3 lymphade-nectomy targets all draining regional lymph nodes.Although these principles emphasize different aspects,they ultimately converge to achieve the same goal of complete oncological resection.This article aims to simplify the surgical steps that align with the principle of central vascular ligation and mesocolon mobilization while ensuring adequate D3 dissection.

Risk factors for the prognosis of colon cancer

A study on clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in T4N0M0 colon cancer patients after R0 resection revealed that ileostomy,T stage,right hemicolectomy,irregular follow-up,and CA199 level were independent risk factors affecting overall survival.T4-stage cancer invades the entire thickness of the intestinal tract,increasing the difficulty of treatment and the risk of recurrence,and requires a combination of chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and targeted therapy to control the spread of cancer cells.The prognosis of right hemicolectomy is significantly worse than that of left hemicolectomy,and right hemicolectomy is an independent risk factor for a poor prognosis.Advanced age,histopathological type,and lymph node metastasis are also risk factors for colon cancer.

双碳目标下减压渣油高值利用的RIGHT技术研发

炼油低碳转型发展的关键是高含碳重组分的高效高值利用。通过溶剂脱沥青技术把质量较差的常规焦化原料(即减压渣油)分为脱油沥青(DOA)和脱沥青油(DAO),然后利用相似相溶原理,把两种低价值的以芳烃结构为主的DOA和催化裂化轻循环油(LCO)混合进行加氢(组分炼油),同时DAO单独加氢,形成了中石化石油化工科学研究院有限公司一体化加氢RIGHT(RIPP InteGrated HydroTreating)技术。加氢后DOA进焦化装置可以生产低金属(V、Ni质量分数均小于150μg/g)或低金属低硫(硫质量分数不大于3.0%)的石油焦,为高端炭材料提供高质量前躯体。与常规焦化相比,RIGHT技术可把低档次的高金属和高硫含量的石油焦产率降低约70%。加氢后的LCO满足LTAG进料要求,可以生产轻芳烃(BTX)和高辛烷值汽油调合组分;DAO在比常规渣油加氢质量空速高1倍的情况下进行加氢,加氢后DAO的氢质量分数为12.25%~12.32%,残炭小于2.0%,金属(Ni+V)质量分数小于0.1μg/g,是优质催化裂化/催化裂解原料,可以多产低碳烯烃和高辛烷值汽油调合组分并大幅度降低过程剂耗。基于DOA和LCO混合油中高金属含量特点,研发了脱金属和容金属能力更强的RRC系列资源再造催化剂,运转后催化剂金属V和Ni沉积量高,是获取高价值V和Ni,尤其是V的宝贵资源。DAO加氢装置运转周期可以提高至4年,从根本上解决渣油加氢装置运转周期短的问题,同时后部渣油加氢脱硫催化剂可以再生,能够提高催化剂资源利用率。RIGHT技术能把减压渣油通过组分炼油技术更多地用于生产高价值低硫低金属含量石油焦和化工料,从而实现炼油领域高碳含量组分的低碳化和高值化利用。

Fate of Right Coronary Artery Occlusion after a Surgically Repaired Aorto- Ventricular Tunnel in a Neonate

The aorto-ventricular tunnel is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly.We present a case of aorto-ventricular tunnel diagnosed via fetal echocardiography.Emergency surgery was performed on the 2nd day of life to close the tun-nel,located just in front of the right coronary ostium,due to the patient’s unstable health condition.The post-operative period revealed complete occlusion of the right coronary artery.Due to the patient’s stability,we opted not to reintervene on the right coronary artery.The patient fully recovered without the need for further coronary intervention.In cases of patients with an aorto-ventricular tunnel(AVT)and associated coronary lesions,it is crucial to exercise caution when intervening in the coronary arteries.

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Adult and Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease: Review of Emerging Data and Future Directions

Heart failure(HF)is common in patients with congenital heart disease(CHD)and there are limited medical therapies.Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors(SGLT2i)are a proven medical therapy in patients with acquired HF,though data are limited in patients with CHD.The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence for use of SGLT2i in patients with CHD and identify future directions for study.In available publica-tions,SGLT2i in patients with CHD seem to be well tolerated,with similar side effect profile to patients with acquired HF.Improvement in functional capacity and natriuretic peptides are mixed,though there is a signal for potential reduction in HF hospitalizations.One prospective study in patients with systemic right ventricles showed an improvement in systolic function for patients already on maximal HF medical therapy.Though lim-ited,there is emerging data on use of SGLT2i in pediatric patients with CHD and HF.Future prospective studies are needed to evaluate for clinically meaningful endpoints,including HF hospitalization,as well as evaluate the hemodynamic impact in subtypes of CHD at high risk for HF.

Right Axillary Thoracotomy Should Be the Standard of Care for Repair of Non-Complex Congenital Heart Defects in Infants and Children

Minimally invasive approaches for cardiac surgery in children have been lagging in comparison to the adult world.A wide range of the most common congenital heart defects in infants and children can be repaired suc-cessfully through a variety of non-sternotomy incisions.This has been shown to be associated with superior cos-metic results,shorter hospital stays,and rapid return to full activity compared to sternotomy.These approaches have been around for decades,but they have not been widely adopted for a variety of reasons.Right axillary thor-acotomy is one of these approaches that we believe should be the new standard for the repair of a wide variety of heart defects in children and will be the focus of our current review.

Right ventricular diverticulum following a pulmonary valve placement for correction of tetralogy of Fallot:A case report

BACKGROUND Ventricular diverticula are a rare congenital cardiac disorder presenting with an extremely low incidence.The presence of an apical diverticulum of the right ventricle has been associated with other congenital heart diseases such as tetralogy of Fallot.An important defining characteristic of ventricular diverticula that separates them from aneurysms through imaging techniques,is that they possess myocardial contraction synchronous to the adjacent walls,contributing to the ventricular stroke volume,so they do not usually require surgical treatment.CASE SUMMARY A 15-year-old male,currently asymptomatic,in follow up due to a pulmonary valve prosthesis placement and a history of corrected tetralogy of Fallot at 18 months old,underwent a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in February 2024.A diverticulum was detected in the apical inferolateral wall of the right ventricle,which was not documented in the cardiac magnetic resonance imaging prior to valve prosthesis placement.CONCLUSION Right ventricular diverticula are a rare entity.To this date we could not find another case of a pulmonary valve placement,followed by a right ventricular diverticulum appearance.

Congenital heart“Challenges”in Down syndrome

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Kong et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Cardiology.In this interesting case,the authors present the challenges faced in managing a 13-year-old patient with Down syndrome(DS)and congenital heart disease(CHD)associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension.In this distinct population,the Authors underscore the need for early diagnosis and management as well as the need of a multidisciplinary approach for decision making.It seems that the occurrence of CHD in patients with DS adds layers of complexity to their clinical management.This editorial aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the intricate interplay between DS and congenital heart disorders,offering insights into the nuanced diagnostic and therapeutic considerations for physicians.

Survey of Framer Credit Demands in China with Tianjin as an Example

Giving farmers more rights and interests on land property is the basis of achieving balanced and coordinated economic development between urban and rural areas as well as building a sharing economy during the period of economic transition in China.Based on the survey data of suburban households of Tianjin,in this paper,measurement method was adopted to study factors influencing farmer s willingness on land management right mortgage.The results shows that the willingness of individual farmer on mortgage is not strong,however,their willingness on mortgage is bound to have a significant relationship with farmland right confirmation and land transfer and other factors.Finally,it is concluded that it is necessary to promote land transfer on the basis of land right of confirmation while carrying out farmland mortgage under the premise of large-scale operation in China.

Photo-activated microtubule targeting drugs: Advancing therapies for colorectal cancer

Over the years immunotherapy has demonstrably improved the field of cancer treatment.However,achieving long-term survival for colorectal cancer(CRC)patients remains a significant unmet need.Combination immunotherapies incor-porating targeted drugs like MEK or multi-kinase inhibitors have offered some palliative benefit.Nevertheless,substantial gaps remain in the current therapeutic armamentarium for CRC.In recent years,there has been a surge of interest in exploring novel treatment strategies,including the application of light-activated drugs in conjunction with optical devices.This approach holds promise for achie-ving localized and targeted delivery of cytotoxic agents,such as microtubule-targeting drugs,directly to cancerous cells within the colon.

Unroofed coronary sinus,left-sided superior vena cava and mitral insufficiency:A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Unroofed coronary sinus(UCS)is a rare subtype of atrial septal defect.It is frequently associated with a persistent left superior vena cava and is often part of a more intricate cardiac malformation.CASE SUMMARY This report describes a rare case of an adolescent patient with UCS featuring atrial situs solitus,absence of the right superior vena cava and a persistent left superior vena cava draining into the left atrium consistent with total unroofing of the coronary sinus.This was associated with concurrent severe mitral insufficiency secondary to redundant and prolapsing leaflets,and a substantial left-to-right shunt across the coronary sinus orifice.A comprehensive examination of the existing literature is included,shedding light on the diagnostic challenges of UCS and describing the available surgical options within the context of mitral valve surgery.CONCLUSION UCS is a complex condition requiring careful consideration of associated anomalies and a tailored surgical approach.