Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity,mortality,and disability.Accurate predictive,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic ...Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity,mortality,and disability.Accurate predictive,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic stroke remain undetermined.With innovations in high-throughput gene sequencing analysis,many aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)in the brain and peripheral blood after acute ischemic stroke have been found in clinical samples and experimental models.Differentially expressed ncRNAs in the post-stroke brain were demonstrated to play vital roles in pathological processes,leading to neuroprotection or deterioration,thus ncRNAs can serve as therapeutic targets in acute ischemic stroke.Moreover,distinctly expressed ncRNAs in the peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.In particular,ncRNAs in peripheral immune cells were recently shown to be involved in the peripheral and brain immune response after acute ischemic stroke.In this review,we consolidate the latest progress of research into the roles of ncRNAs(microRNAs,long ncRNAs,and circular RNAs)in the pathological processes of acute ischemic stroke–induced brain damage,as well as the potential of these ncRNAs to act as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.Findings from this review will provide novel ideas for the clinical application of ncRNAs in acute ischemic stroke.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Adeno-associated virus(AAV)gene therapy has been proven to be reliable and safe for the treatment of osteoarthritis in recent years.However,given the complexity of osteoarthritis pathogenesis,single gene ma...BACKGROUND:Adeno-associated virus(AAV)gene therapy has been proven to be reliable and safe for the treatment of osteoarthritis in recent years.However,given the complexity of osteoarthritis pathogenesis,single gene manipulation for the treatment of osteoarthritis may not produce satisfactory results.Previous studies have shown that nuclear factorκB could promote the inflammatory pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes,and bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4)could promote cartilage regeneration.OBJECTIVE:To test whether combined application of AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 will yield the synergistic effect on chondrocytes regeneration and osteoarthritis treatment.METHODS:Viral particles containing AAV-p65-shRNA and AAV-BMP4 were prepared.Their efficacy in inhibiting inflammation in chondrocytes and promoting chondrogenesis was assessed in vitro and in vivo by transfecting AAV-p65-shRNA or AAV-BMP4 into cells.The experiments were divided into five groups:PBS group;osteoarthritis group;AAV-BMP4 group;AAV-p65shRNA group;and BMP4-p65shRNA 1:1 group.Samples were collected at 4,12,and 24 weeks postoperatively.Tissue staining,including safranin O and Alcian blue,was applied after collecting articular tissue.Then,the optimal ratio between the two types of transfected viral particles was further investigated to improve the chondrogenic potential of mixed cells in vivo.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The combined application of AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 together showed a synergistic effect on cartilage regeneration and osteoarthritis treatment.Mixed cells transfected with AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 at a 1:1 ratio produced the most extracellular matrix synthesis(P<0.05).In vivo results also revealed that the combination of the two viruses had the highest regenerative potential for osteoarthritic cartilage(P<0.05).In the present study,we also discovered that the combined therapy had the maximum effect when the two viruses were administered in equal proportions.Decreasing either p65shRNA or BMP4 transfected cells resulted in less collagen II synthesis.This implies that inhibiting inflammation by p65shRNA and promoting regeneration by BMP4 are equally important for osteoarthritis treatment.These findings provide a new strategy for the treatment of early osteoarthritis by simultaneously inhibiting cartilage inflammation and promoting cartilage repair.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common subtype of primary liver cancer with varied incidence and epidemiology worldwide.Sorafenib is still a recommended treatment for a large proportion of patients...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common subtype of primary liver cancer with varied incidence and epidemiology worldwide.Sorafenib is still a recommended treatment for a large proportion of patients with advanced HCC.Different patterns of treatment responsiveness have been identified in differentiated hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells and metastatic HCC SNU449 cells.AIM To define the long non-codingRNA-microRNA-mRNA(lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA)predicted signatures related to selected hallmarks of cancer(apoptosis,autophagy,cell stress,cell dedifferentiation and invasiveness)in RNAseq studies using Sorafenib-treated HepG2 and SNU449 cells.Various available software analyses allowed us to establish the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axes following treatment in HepG2 and SNU449 cells.METHODS HepG2 and SNU449 cells were treated with Sorafenib(10μmol/L)for 24 hours.Total RNA,including small and long RNA,was extracted with a commercial miRNeasy kit.RNAseq was carried out for the identification of changes in lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axes.RESULTS MALAT,THAP9-AS1 and SNGH17 appeared to coordinately regulate miR-374b-3p and miR-769-5p that led to upregulation of SMAD7,TIRARP,TFAP4 and FAXDC2 in HepG2 cells.SNHG12,EPB41 L4A-AS1,LINC01578,SNHG12 and GAS5 interacted with let-7b-3p,miR-195-5p and VEGFA in SNU449 cells.The axes MALAT1/hsamir-374b-3p/SMAD7 and MALAT1/hsa-mir-769-5p/TFAP4 were of high relevance for Sorafenib response in HepG2 cells,whereas PVT1/hsa-miR-195-5p/VEGFA was responsible for the differential response of SNU449 cells to Sorafenib treatment.CONCLUSION Critical lncRNAs acting as sponges of miRNA were identified that regulated mRNA expression,whose proteins mainly increased the antitumor effectiveness of the treatment(SMAD7,TIRARP,TFAP4,FAXDC2 and ADRB2).However,the broad regulatory axis leading to increased VEGFA expression may be related to the side effect of Sorafenib in SNU449 cells.展开更多
背景:近几年有很多关于外泌体非编码RNA与妊娠期糖尿病发生机制的研究,但缺乏不同来源尤其是胎盘来源外泌体的最新系统综述。目的:文章对微小RNA、长链非编码RNA和环状RNA以及外泌体在妊娠期糖尿病中的变化情况及对疾病发生发展的可能...背景:近几年有很多关于外泌体非编码RNA与妊娠期糖尿病发生机制的研究,但缺乏不同来源尤其是胎盘来源外泌体的最新系统综述。目的:文章对微小RNA、长链非编码RNA和环状RNA以及外泌体在妊娠期糖尿病中的变化情况及对疾病发生发展的可能作用进行综述,为临床妊娠期糖尿病的早期筛查与治疗提供潜在靶标。方法:从PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据及维普数据库进行非编码RNA或外泌体非编码RNA与妊娠期糖尿病相关文献进行检索,最终纳入74篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:①非编码RNA通过调节各种生理功能参与了妊娠期糖尿病的发生发展,为妊娠期糖尿病的研究提供了新的方向。②外泌体在人体中广泛存在,红细胞、上皮细胞和胎盘细胞等均可分泌外泌体,这些不同来源外泌体中的非编码RNA被证明可以在妊娠期糖尿病的发病机制、诊断以及治疗方法中发挥一定的作用。③微小RNA与妊娠期糖尿病:外周血微小RNA在妊娠期糖尿病中的作用主要是影响滋养层细胞、胰腺β细胞功能以及妊娠期糖尿病血糖水平;胎盘微小RNA可反映妊娠期糖尿病的严重程度,并损伤滋养层细胞的功能。④长链非编码RNA与妊娠期糖尿病:外周血长链非编码RNA可以通过磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B通路诱导胰岛素抵抗并且有可能为妊娠期糖尿病的诊断与治疗提供新的思路;胎盘长链非编码RNA可以调控妊娠期糖尿病胎盘滋养层细胞增殖迁移,促进妊娠期糖尿病的发生发展。⑤环状RNA与妊娠期糖尿病:外周血和胎盘环状RNA可通过损伤胎盘滋养层细胞增殖迁移与代谢等功能诱导糖尿病的发生发展。⑥外泌体非编码RNA与妊娠期糖尿病:外周血外泌体非编码RNA可影响妊娠期糖尿病血糖水平和葡萄糖稳态,通过影响胎盘功能参与妊娠期糖尿病的发生发展。⑦非编码RNA有潜力成为妊娠期糖尿病早期诊断的标志物,此外工程化的外泌体能更好地实现妊娠期糖尿病的靶向治疗等,这些最新信息为妊娠期糖尿病的基础研究和临床转化提供了参考依据。⑧未来还需改进外周血外泌体的提取和纯化方法,并排除种族、饮食和体力活动等因素以提高结果的可重复性,而循环非编码RNA及外泌体在妊娠期糖尿病的预测和诊断中的临床应用还需要更多的前瞻性临床研究。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82301486(to SL)and 82071325(to FY)Medjaden Academy&Research Foundation for Young Scientists,No.MJR202310040(to SL)+2 种基金Nanjing Medical University Science and Technique Development,No.NMUB20220060(to SL)Medical Scientific Research Project of Jiangsu Commission of Health,No.ZDA2020019(to JZ)Health China Buchang Zhiyuan Public Welfare Project for Heart and Brain Health,No.HIGHER202102(to QD).
文摘Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity,mortality,and disability.Accurate predictive,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic stroke remain undetermined.With innovations in high-throughput gene sequencing analysis,many aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)in the brain and peripheral blood after acute ischemic stroke have been found in clinical samples and experimental models.Differentially expressed ncRNAs in the post-stroke brain were demonstrated to play vital roles in pathological processes,leading to neuroprotection or deterioration,thus ncRNAs can serve as therapeutic targets in acute ischemic stroke.Moreover,distinctly expressed ncRNAs in the peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.In particular,ncRNAs in peripheral immune cells were recently shown to be involved in the peripheral and brain immune response after acute ischemic stroke.In this review,we consolidate the latest progress of research into the roles of ncRNAs(microRNAs,long ncRNAs,and circular RNAs)in the pathological processes of acute ischemic stroke–induced brain damage,as well as the potential of these ncRNAs to act as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.Findings from this review will provide novel ideas for the clinical application of ncRNAs in acute ischemic stroke.
文摘BACKGROUND:Adeno-associated virus(AAV)gene therapy has been proven to be reliable and safe for the treatment of osteoarthritis in recent years.However,given the complexity of osteoarthritis pathogenesis,single gene manipulation for the treatment of osteoarthritis may not produce satisfactory results.Previous studies have shown that nuclear factorκB could promote the inflammatory pathway in osteoarthritic chondrocytes,and bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4)could promote cartilage regeneration.OBJECTIVE:To test whether combined application of AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 will yield the synergistic effect on chondrocytes regeneration and osteoarthritis treatment.METHODS:Viral particles containing AAV-p65-shRNA and AAV-BMP4 were prepared.Their efficacy in inhibiting inflammation in chondrocytes and promoting chondrogenesis was assessed in vitro and in vivo by transfecting AAV-p65-shRNA or AAV-BMP4 into cells.The experiments were divided into five groups:PBS group;osteoarthritis group;AAV-BMP4 group;AAV-p65shRNA group;and BMP4-p65shRNA 1:1 group.Samples were collected at 4,12,and 24 weeks postoperatively.Tissue staining,including safranin O and Alcian blue,was applied after collecting articular tissue.Then,the optimal ratio between the two types of transfected viral particles was further investigated to improve the chondrogenic potential of mixed cells in vivo.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The combined application of AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 together showed a synergistic effect on cartilage regeneration and osteoarthritis treatment.Mixed cells transfected with AAV-p65shRNA and AAV-BMP4 at a 1:1 ratio produced the most extracellular matrix synthesis(P<0.05).In vivo results also revealed that the combination of the two viruses had the highest regenerative potential for osteoarthritic cartilage(P<0.05).In the present study,we also discovered that the combined therapy had the maximum effect when the two viruses were administered in equal proportions.Decreasing either p65shRNA or BMP4 transfected cells resulted in less collagen II synthesis.This implies that inhibiting inflammation by p65shRNA and promoting regeneration by BMP4 are equally important for osteoarthritis treatment.These findings provide a new strategy for the treatment of early osteoarthritis by simultaneously inhibiting cartilage inflammation and promoting cartilage repair.
基金Supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCiii),No.PI19/01266 and No.PI22/00857Consejería de Salud y Familias(Junta de Andalucía),No.PI-0216-2020 and No.PIP-0215-2020Biomedical Research Network Center for Liver and Digestive Diseases(CIBERehd)founded by the ISCIII and co-financed by European Regional Development Fund“A way to achieve Europe”ERDF.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common subtype of primary liver cancer with varied incidence and epidemiology worldwide.Sorafenib is still a recommended treatment for a large proportion of patients with advanced HCC.Different patterns of treatment responsiveness have been identified in differentiated hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells and metastatic HCC SNU449 cells.AIM To define the long non-codingRNA-microRNA-mRNA(lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA)predicted signatures related to selected hallmarks of cancer(apoptosis,autophagy,cell stress,cell dedifferentiation and invasiveness)in RNAseq studies using Sorafenib-treated HepG2 and SNU449 cells.Various available software analyses allowed us to establish the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axes following treatment in HepG2 and SNU449 cells.METHODS HepG2 and SNU449 cells were treated with Sorafenib(10μmol/L)for 24 hours.Total RNA,including small and long RNA,was extracted with a commercial miRNeasy kit.RNAseq was carried out for the identification of changes in lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axes.RESULTS MALAT,THAP9-AS1 and SNGH17 appeared to coordinately regulate miR-374b-3p and miR-769-5p that led to upregulation of SMAD7,TIRARP,TFAP4 and FAXDC2 in HepG2 cells.SNHG12,EPB41 L4A-AS1,LINC01578,SNHG12 and GAS5 interacted with let-7b-3p,miR-195-5p and VEGFA in SNU449 cells.The axes MALAT1/hsamir-374b-3p/SMAD7 and MALAT1/hsa-mir-769-5p/TFAP4 were of high relevance for Sorafenib response in HepG2 cells,whereas PVT1/hsa-miR-195-5p/VEGFA was responsible for the differential response of SNU449 cells to Sorafenib treatment.CONCLUSION Critical lncRNAs acting as sponges of miRNA were identified that regulated mRNA expression,whose proteins mainly increased the antitumor effectiveness of the treatment(SMAD7,TIRARP,TFAP4,FAXDC2 and ADRB2).However,the broad regulatory axis leading to increased VEGFA expression may be related to the side effect of Sorafenib in SNU449 cells.
文摘背景:近几年有很多关于外泌体非编码RNA与妊娠期糖尿病发生机制的研究,但缺乏不同来源尤其是胎盘来源外泌体的最新系统综述。目的:文章对微小RNA、长链非编码RNA和环状RNA以及外泌体在妊娠期糖尿病中的变化情况及对疾病发生发展的可能作用进行综述,为临床妊娠期糖尿病的早期筛查与治疗提供潜在靶标。方法:从PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据及维普数据库进行非编码RNA或外泌体非编码RNA与妊娠期糖尿病相关文献进行检索,最终纳入74篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:①非编码RNA通过调节各种生理功能参与了妊娠期糖尿病的发生发展,为妊娠期糖尿病的研究提供了新的方向。②外泌体在人体中广泛存在,红细胞、上皮细胞和胎盘细胞等均可分泌外泌体,这些不同来源外泌体中的非编码RNA被证明可以在妊娠期糖尿病的发病机制、诊断以及治疗方法中发挥一定的作用。③微小RNA与妊娠期糖尿病:外周血微小RNA在妊娠期糖尿病中的作用主要是影响滋养层细胞、胰腺β细胞功能以及妊娠期糖尿病血糖水平;胎盘微小RNA可反映妊娠期糖尿病的严重程度,并损伤滋养层细胞的功能。④长链非编码RNA与妊娠期糖尿病:外周血长链非编码RNA可以通过磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B通路诱导胰岛素抵抗并且有可能为妊娠期糖尿病的诊断与治疗提供新的思路;胎盘长链非编码RNA可以调控妊娠期糖尿病胎盘滋养层细胞增殖迁移,促进妊娠期糖尿病的发生发展。⑤环状RNA与妊娠期糖尿病:外周血和胎盘环状RNA可通过损伤胎盘滋养层细胞增殖迁移与代谢等功能诱导糖尿病的发生发展。⑥外泌体非编码RNA与妊娠期糖尿病:外周血外泌体非编码RNA可影响妊娠期糖尿病血糖水平和葡萄糖稳态,通过影响胎盘功能参与妊娠期糖尿病的发生发展。⑦非编码RNA有潜力成为妊娠期糖尿病早期诊断的标志物,此外工程化的外泌体能更好地实现妊娠期糖尿病的靶向治疗等,这些最新信息为妊娠期糖尿病的基础研究和临床转化提供了参考依据。⑧未来还需改进外周血外泌体的提取和纯化方法,并排除种族、饮食和体力活动等因素以提高结果的可重复性,而循环非编码RNA及外泌体在妊娠期糖尿病的预测和诊断中的临床应用还需要更多的前瞻性临床研究。
