小分子调控RNA,包括siRNA(small interfering RNA)、miRNA(microRNA)和piRNA(piwi interacting RNA)、hsRNA(heterochromatin associated small RNA)等,是当前生命科学研究的前沿热点。越来越多的证据表明,这些小分子R N A存在于几乎所...小分子调控RNA,包括siRNA(small interfering RNA)、miRNA(microRNA)和piRNA(piwi interacting RNA)、hsRNA(heterochromatin associated small RNA)等,是当前生命科学研究的前沿热点。越来越多的证据表明,这些小分子R N A存在于几乎所有较高等的真核生物细胞中,对生物体具有非常重要的调控功能。它们通过各种序列特异性的RNA基因沉默作用,包括RNA干扰(RNAi)、翻译抑制、异染色质形成等,调控诸如生长发育、应激反应、沉默转座子等各种各样的细胞进程。随着对这些小分子调控RNA的发现,一些RNase III酶家族成员、Argonaute蛋白质家族成员及RNA结合蛋白质等先后被鉴定为小RNA的胞内蛋白质合作者,参与小RNA的加工成熟和在细胞内行使功能。本综述简介一些RNA沉默作用途径中重要组分的结构和功能的研究进展。展开更多
Tomato has emerged as an emblematic model plants for fleshy fruit research and tomato fruit ripening is a complex and highly coordinated developmental process.The many physiology and biochemical processes associated w...Tomato has emerged as an emblematic model plants for fleshy fruit research and tomato fruit ripening is a complex and highly coordinated developmental process.The many physiology and biochemical processes associated with tomato fruit ripening require changes in the expression of hundreds to thousands of genes.Gene expression is regulated by transcriptional and post-transcriptional pathways,one of the recently discovered mechanisms in plants was small RNAs mediated gene silencing at post-transcriptional(PTGS) level.Intriguingly,several mi RNAs and endogenous si RNAs were revealed to be involved in the fruit ripening process which opened a new avenue in the field of fleshy fruit biology.This review compiled the most recent advances made in deciphering the regulation functions of mi RNAs and si RNAs in tomato fruit ripening.It also emphasized the new perspectives now possible in the small RNAs regulation research in tomato fruit ripening and senescence.展开更多
MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are small endogenous non-coding RNAs which can specifically silence gene expression, and thereby alter cell and organism phenotype. Deregulation of miRNA expression has been discovered in a variet...MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are small endogenous non-coding RNAs which can specifically silence gene expression, and thereby alter cell and organism phenotype. Deregulation of miRNA expression has been discovered in a variety of tumors and it is now clear that they contribute to cancer development and progression. Previous studies have indicated that miRNAs are involved in developmental timing, cell proliferation, apoptosis, morphogenesis [1], antiviral defense 121, and tumorigenesis [3]. In cancer pathways, altered expression of tumor suppressive or oncogenic miRNAs can disrupt regulatory mechanisms normal. Altered miRNAs expression patterns have been observed in a variety of diseased tissues. Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor in female reproductive tract. Recently more and more study showed a large number of miRNAs were down-regulated or up-regulated in cervical cancer. Recent data revealed that miRNA-218 （miR-218） played important roles in tumor initiation and development. This review focuses on analysis of miR-218 and will provide some insight into the progress of cervical cancer.展开更多
Gene silencing (RNA silencing) plays a fundamental role in antiviral defense in plants, fungi and invertebrates. Viruses encode proteins that suppress gene silencing to counter host defense. Viral suppressors of RNA s...Gene silencing (RNA silencing) plays a fundamental role in antiviral defense in plants, fungi and invertebrates. Viruses encode proteins that suppress gene silencing to counter host defense. Viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) have been identified from almost all plant virus genera and some viruses of insects and mammals. Recent studies have revealed that VSRs counter host defense and interfere with host gene regulation by interacting with RNA or important components of the RNA silencing pathway. Here, we review the current understanding of the complex mechanisms of VSRs that have been revealed by recent studies.展开更多
In the application of RNAi technology,it is an essential step to design siR NA applicable to target gene.At present,there are many researches and conclusions on siR NA design.This paper aims to the influences of mR NA...In the application of RNAi technology,it is an essential step to design siR NA applicable to target gene.At present,there are many researches and conclusions on siR NA design.This paper aims to the influences of mR NA secondary structure or siR NA antisense-strand secondary structure on siR NA silence efficiency.The paper also discusses the problems and sets out further insights in the research.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(31401536)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(6144020)+1 种基金the Special Fund of China Agriculture Research System(CARS-25)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201203095)
文摘Tomato has emerged as an emblematic model plants for fleshy fruit research and tomato fruit ripening is a complex and highly coordinated developmental process.The many physiology and biochemical processes associated with tomato fruit ripening require changes in the expression of hundreds to thousands of genes.Gene expression is regulated by transcriptional and post-transcriptional pathways,one of the recently discovered mechanisms in plants was small RNAs mediated gene silencing at post-transcriptional(PTGS) level.Intriguingly,several mi RNAs and endogenous si RNAs were revealed to be involved in the fruit ripening process which opened a new avenue in the field of fleshy fruit biology.This review compiled the most recent advances made in deciphering the regulation functions of mi RNAs and si RNAs in tomato fruit ripening.It also emphasized the new perspectives now possible in the small RNAs regulation research in tomato fruit ripening and senescence.
文摘MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are small endogenous non-coding RNAs which can specifically silence gene expression, and thereby alter cell and organism phenotype. Deregulation of miRNA expression has been discovered in a variety of tumors and it is now clear that they contribute to cancer development and progression. Previous studies have indicated that miRNAs are involved in developmental timing, cell proliferation, apoptosis, morphogenesis [1], antiviral defense 121, and tumorigenesis [3]. In cancer pathways, altered expression of tumor suppressive or oncogenic miRNAs can disrupt regulatory mechanisms normal. Altered miRNAs expression patterns have been observed in a variety of diseased tissues. Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor in female reproductive tract. Recently more and more study showed a large number of miRNAs were down-regulated or up-regulated in cervical cancer. Recent data revealed that miRNA-218 （miR-218） played important roles in tumor initiation and development. This review focuses on analysis of miR-218 and will provide some insight into the progress of cervical cancer.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2012CB114004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31030005 and 30910103904)
文摘Gene silencing (RNA silencing) plays a fundamental role in antiviral defense in plants, fungi and invertebrates. Viruses encode proteins that suppress gene silencing to counter host defense. Viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) have been identified from almost all plant virus genera and some viruses of insects and mammals. Recent studies have revealed that VSRs counter host defense and interfere with host gene regulation by interacting with RNA or important components of the RNA silencing pathway. Here, we review the current understanding of the complex mechanisms of VSRs that have been revealed by recent studies.
文摘In the application of RNAi technology,it is an essential step to design siR NA applicable to target gene.At present,there are many researches and conclusions on siR NA design.This paper aims to the influences of mR NA secondary structure or siR NA antisense-strand secondary structure on siR NA silence efficiency.The paper also discusses the problems and sets out further insights in the research.
