Hybridoma cells display an increase in antibody productivity following exposure to hypertonic conditions. However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. In the present study, we hypothesize that the nuclear...Hybridoma cells display an increase in antibody productivity following exposure to hypertonic conditions. However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. In the present study, we hypothesize that the nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 （NFAT5）/tonicity enhancer binding protein （TonEBP） functions to increase the antibody productivity of hybridoma cells. NFAT5 is an osmosensitive mammalian transcription factor. However, its ubiquitous expression in various organs that are not bathed in hypertonic milieu suggests that NFAT5 may also regulate cell growth and function under isotonic conditions. In this study, we examined the expression of NFAT5 in hybridoma cells by Western blot analysis, and found that it increased significantly in hypertonic medium. To further define the function of NFAT5 in hybridoma cells, RNA interference technique was used to downregulate the expression of NFAT5 in SGB-8 cells （a hybridoma cell line）. In isotonic medium, antibody productivity ofhybridoma cells was reduced by downregulation of NFAT5 while cell proliferation was not influenced. The results presented here demonstrate that NFAT5 not only plays an important role in osmotic stress response pathway in hybridoma cells but also is essential for optimal antibody productivity.展开更多
Objective： Lung cancer has emerged as a leading cause of cancer death in the world. Current therapies are ineffective, thus new approaches are needed to improve the therapeutic ratio. RNA interference （RNAi） has sh...Objective： Lung cancer has emerged as a leading cause of cancer death in the world. Current therapies are ineffective, thus new approaches are needed to improve the therapeutic ratio. RNA interference （RNAi） has shown promise in gene silencing in vitro, the potential of which in developing new methods for the therapy of non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC） needs to be further tested in vivo. In this study, chemically synthesized double-stranded RNA （dsRNA） targeting epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） was transfected into NSCLC cell line SPC-A1 cells and established the tumor burdened athymic nude mice model to investigate whether dsRNA could induce gene silencing in NSCLC cells in vivo. Methods： SPC-A1 was transfected with EGFR sequence-specific dsRNA formulated with Lipofectamine 2000. SPC-A1 cells （1 × 107/ mL） in 200 pL were injected s.c. into the left flank area of the mice to establish the tumor burdened athymic nude mice model. Calculate the tumor growth inhibition rate by measuring the diameter and the weight of the tumor. Immunohistochemistry and Westem blot were used to monitor the reduction in the production of the EGFR protein. Realtime RT-PCR was used to detect the silencing of the EGFR mRNA level. Results： It displayed that EGFR sequence specific dsRNA （dsRNA-EGFR） significantly inhibited the tumor growth in vivo. The tumor growth inhibition rate was 75.03%. The dsRNA-EGFR sequence specifically silenced EGFR with 53.6% of down-regulation of EGFR protein production and 32.3% of silencing of EGFR mRNA level. Conclusion： DsRNA-EGFR showed a blockbuster effect in downregulation of EGFR mRNA level and protein production, and inhibition of tumor growth in vivo.展开更多
Objective To study whether HCV RNA load is related to the antibodies against regional spe-cific proteins of HCV. Methods 69 serum samples were detected for HCV RNA load by Real time fluorescent PCR. Anti-HCV and the a...Objective To study whether HCV RNA load is related to the antibodies against regional spe-cific proteins of HCV. Methods 69 serum samples were detected for HCV RNA load by Real time fluorescent PCR. Anti-HCV and the antibodies against regional specific proteins of HCV were detected by ELISA. Results The positive rates of anti-C and anti-NS3 were remarkably higher than those of anti-NS4 and anti-NS5. We divided the serum samples into two groups on the basis of load of HCV RNA, there was no statistical significance between A and B group in the positive rate as well as the antibody reactivity of HCV anti-C, anti-NS3, anti-NS4 and anti-NS5. From the distribution of different combined patterns, we could conclude that the pattern IV was superior to others in both of the two groups. Conclusion There are remarkable differences in different antibodies against the regional specific proteins of HCV. The positive rates and the antibody reactivity of anti-C, anti-NS3, anti-NS4, anti-NS5 are not related to the HCV viral load. The EfA-3 which conclude C, NS3, NS4, NS5 proteins could enhance the sensitivity of detection HCV.展开更多
AIM To investigate the enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against pancreatic cancer (PC) in vitro induced by dendritic cells (DCs) engineered to secrete anti-DcR3 monoclonal antibody (mAb). METHODS DCs, T lymph...AIM To investigate the enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against pancreatic cancer (PC) in vitro induced by dendritic cells (DCs) engineered to secrete anti-DcR3 monoclonal antibody (mAb). METHODS DCs, T lymphocytes and primary PC cells were obtained from PC patients. DCs were transfected with a designed humanized anti-DcR3 monoclonal antibody heavy and light chain mRNA and/or total tumor RNA (DC-tumor-anti-DcR3 RNA or DC-total tumor RNA) by using electroporation technology. The identification, concentration and function of anti-DcR3 mAb secreted by DC-tumor-anti-DcR3 RNA were determined by western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After co-culturing of autologous isolated PC cells with target DCs, the effects of secreting anti-DcR3 mAb on RNA-DCs' viability and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Analysis of enhanced antigen-specific immune response against PC induced by anti-DcR3 mAb secreting DCs was performed using a Cr-51 releasing test. T cell responses induced by RNAloaded DCs were analyzed by measuring cytokine levels, including IFN-gamma, IL-10, IL4, TNF-alpha and IL-12. RESULTS The anti-DcR3 mAb secreted by DCs reacted with recombinant human DcR3 protein and generated a band with 35 kDa molecular weight. The secreting mAb was transient, peaking at 24 h and becoming undetectable after 72 h. After co-incubation with DCtumor- anti-DcR3 RNA for designated times, the DcR3 level in the supernatant of autologous PC cells was significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05). DCs secreting anti-DcR3 mAb could improve cell viability and slow down the apoptosis of RNA-loaded DCs, compared with DC-total tumor RNA (P < 0.01). The anti-DcR3 mAb secreted by DC-tumor-anti-DcR3 RNA could enhance the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) activity toward RNA-transfected DCs, primary tumor cells, and PC cell lines, compared with CTLs stimulated by DC-total tumor RNA or control group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the antigen-specific CTL responses were MHC class I-restricted. The CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells incubated with anti-DcR3 mAb secreting DCs could produce extremely higher level IFN-gamma and lower level IL4 than those incubated with DC-total tumor RNA or controls (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION DCs engineered to secrete anti-DcR3 antibody can augment CTL responses against PC in vitro, and the immune-enhancing effects may be partly due to their capability of down-regulating DC apoptosis and adjusting the Th1/Th2 cytokine network.展开更多
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome （PRRS） is the severest disease of pigs worldwide, caused by a highly genetically diverse RNA virus, called Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （PRRSV）....Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome （PRRS） is the severest disease of pigs worldwide, caused by a highly genetically diverse RNA virus, called Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （PRRSV）. The research summarized the genome characteristics of PRRSV particles and the most updated knowledge of structure protein function, and introduced the intellectual of PRRSV transmission and host immune response, which is very important for prevention and control for PRRS. A report showed that mass vaccination can stabilize the immunity of the entire herd, and this is the first required step for a PRRS eradication plan. However, the attenuated live vaccines may not achieve a valid prevention. The final goal of the EU project is to develop new generation, efficacious and safe maker vaccines that can be adapted to temporary changes and geographical differences.Robinson reported that broadly antibodies could neutralize all rapidly evolving type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ viruses, while further studies are expected to elucidate mechanisms of neutralizing antibody production and maturation and to investigate conserved epitope targets of cross-neutralization in this rapidly evolving virus.展开更多
目的检测中国系统性硬化症（SSc）患者血清中硬皮病相关自身抗体一抗Sel-70抗体、抗着丝点抗体（ACA）和抗RNA多聚酶Ⅲ抗体（ARA），分析其与各种临床表现之间的关系。方法序贯纳入人选欧洲抗风湿病联盟硬皮病实验研究组（EULAR Sclerod...目的检测中国系统性硬化症（SSc）患者血清中硬皮病相关自身抗体一抗Sel-70抗体、抗着丝点抗体（ACA）和抗RNA多聚酶Ⅲ抗体（ARA），分析其与各种临床表现之间的关系。方法序贯纳入人选欧洲抗风湿病联盟硬皮病实验研究组（EULAR Scleroderma Trial and Research Group，EUSTAR）的135例中国SSc患者，分别用线性免疫印迹法、免疫双扩散法和间接免疫荧光法检测ARA、抗Scl-70抗体、ACA在患者血清中表达水平，并进一步分析自身抗体与患者各种临床表现之间的相关性。结果在135例SSc患者中抗Sel-70、ACA、ARA的阳性率分别为49．6％、13．3％和8．9％。抗Scl-70抗体阳性组患者的病程显著短于阴性组[（71±59）个月VS（90±103）个月，P=0．041]，肺间质病变的患炳率亦显著高于阴性组（P=0．031），但阳性组肺动脉高压的患病率显著低于阴性组（P=0．042），修订的Rodnan皮肤硬化评分（P=0．008）、面颈部皮肤硬化（P=0．002）、肘／膝关节远端皮肤硬化（P=0．004）以及指端凹陷性瘢痕／指垫消失的发生率（P=0．01）均显著高于阴性组；ACA阳性组患者的病程长于阴性组，差异具有统计学意义[（90±107）个月VS（69±64）个月，P=0．036]，肺间质病变的患病率显著低于阴性组（P＝0．045），IgM水平亦显著低于阴性组（P=0．045）；ARA阳性组和阴性组患者的病程等各项临床指标差异均无统计学意义，但阳性组血清肌酐和尿素氮水平显著高于阴性组（P〈0．001）。ACA和ARA患者各项皮肤硬化指标在阳性组和阴性组差异均无统计学意义。结论硬皮病特异相关的自身抗体与不同的临床表现紧密相关，检测此类抗体可能有助于SSc的诊断、脏器受累和预后评估。这些自身抗体在中国SSc患者的临床相关性可能不同于其他地区的SSc患者。展开更多
基金欧洲抗风湿病联盟硬皮病试验项目(EULAR Scleroderma Trial and Research GroupEUSTAR)+6 种基金国家十一五科技支撑计划课题(2006BAI01A072008BAI59B02)国家自然科学基金(810724881071300)首都医学发展科研基金重点支持项目(2009-2003)中华医学会临床医学科研专项(08010270105)北京协和医院青年科研基金(I604900)
文摘Hybridoma cells display an increase in antibody productivity following exposure to hypertonic conditions. However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. In the present study, we hypothesize that the nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 （NFAT5）/tonicity enhancer binding protein （TonEBP） functions to increase the antibody productivity of hybridoma cells. NFAT5 is an osmosensitive mammalian transcription factor. However, its ubiquitous expression in various organs that are not bathed in hypertonic milieu suggests that NFAT5 may also regulate cell growth and function under isotonic conditions. In this study, we examined the expression of NFAT5 in hybridoma cells by Western blot analysis, and found that it increased significantly in hypertonic medium. To further define the function of NFAT5 in hybridoma cells, RNA interference technique was used to downregulate the expression of NFAT5 in SGB-8 cells （a hybridoma cell line）. In isotonic medium, antibody productivity ofhybridoma cells was reduced by downregulation of NFAT5 while cell proliferation was not influenced. The results presented here demonstrate that NFAT5 not only plays an important role in osmotic stress response pathway in hybridoma cells but also is essential for optimal antibody productivity.
基金Supported by a grant from the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai （No. 03ZR14004）.
文摘Objective： Lung cancer has emerged as a leading cause of cancer death in the world. Current therapies are ineffective, thus new approaches are needed to improve the therapeutic ratio. RNA interference （RNAi） has shown promise in gene silencing in vitro, the potential of which in developing new methods for the therapy of non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC） needs to be further tested in vivo. In this study, chemically synthesized double-stranded RNA （dsRNA） targeting epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） was transfected into NSCLC cell line SPC-A1 cells and established the tumor burdened athymic nude mice model to investigate whether dsRNA could induce gene silencing in NSCLC cells in vivo. Methods： SPC-A1 was transfected with EGFR sequence-specific dsRNA formulated with Lipofectamine 2000. SPC-A1 cells （1 × 107/ mL） in 200 pL were injected s.c. into the left flank area of the mice to establish the tumor burdened athymic nude mice model. Calculate the tumor growth inhibition rate by measuring the diameter and the weight of the tumor. Immunohistochemistry and Westem blot were used to monitor the reduction in the production of the EGFR protein. Realtime RT-PCR was used to detect the silencing of the EGFR mRNA level. Results： It displayed that EGFR sequence specific dsRNA （dsRNA-EGFR） significantly inhibited the tumor growth in vivo. The tumor growth inhibition rate was 75.03%. The dsRNA-EGFR sequence specifically silenced EGFR with 53.6% of down-regulation of EGFR protein production and 32.3% of silencing of EGFR mRNA level. Conclusion： DsRNA-EGFR showed a blockbuster effect in downregulation of EGFR mRNA level and protein production, and inhibition of tumor growth in vivo.
文摘Objective To study whether HCV RNA load is related to the antibodies against regional spe-cific proteins of HCV. Methods 69 serum samples were detected for HCV RNA load by Real time fluorescent PCR. Anti-HCV and the antibodies against regional specific proteins of HCV were detected by ELISA. Results The positive rates of anti-C and anti-NS3 were remarkably higher than those of anti-NS4 and anti-NS5. We divided the serum samples into two groups on the basis of load of HCV RNA, there was no statistical significance between A and B group in the positive rate as well as the antibody reactivity of HCV anti-C, anti-NS3, anti-NS4 and anti-NS5. From the distribution of different combined patterns, we could conclude that the pattern IV was superior to others in both of the two groups. Conclusion There are remarkable differences in different antibodies against the regional specific proteins of HCV. The positive rates and the antibody reactivity of anti-C, anti-NS3, anti-NS4, anti-NS5 are not related to the HCV viral load. The EfA-3 which conclude C, NS3, NS4, NS5 proteins could enhance the sensitivity of detection HCV.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81071982
文摘AIM To investigate the enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against pancreatic cancer (PC) in vitro induced by dendritic cells (DCs) engineered to secrete anti-DcR3 monoclonal antibody (mAb). METHODS DCs, T lymphocytes and primary PC cells were obtained from PC patients. DCs were transfected with a designed humanized anti-DcR3 monoclonal antibody heavy and light chain mRNA and/or total tumor RNA (DC-tumor-anti-DcR3 RNA or DC-total tumor RNA) by using electroporation technology. The identification, concentration and function of anti-DcR3 mAb secreted by DC-tumor-anti-DcR3 RNA were determined by western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After co-culturing of autologous isolated PC cells with target DCs, the effects of secreting anti-DcR3 mAb on RNA-DCs' viability and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Analysis of enhanced antigen-specific immune response against PC induced by anti-DcR3 mAb secreting DCs was performed using a Cr-51 releasing test. T cell responses induced by RNAloaded DCs were analyzed by measuring cytokine levels, including IFN-gamma, IL-10, IL4, TNF-alpha and IL-12. RESULTS The anti-DcR3 mAb secreted by DCs reacted with recombinant human DcR3 protein and generated a band with 35 kDa molecular weight. The secreting mAb was transient, peaking at 24 h and becoming undetectable after 72 h. After co-incubation with DCtumor- anti-DcR3 RNA for designated times, the DcR3 level in the supernatant of autologous PC cells was significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05). DCs secreting anti-DcR3 mAb could improve cell viability and slow down the apoptosis of RNA-loaded DCs, compared with DC-total tumor RNA (P < 0.01). The anti-DcR3 mAb secreted by DC-tumor-anti-DcR3 RNA could enhance the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) activity toward RNA-transfected DCs, primary tumor cells, and PC cell lines, compared with CTLs stimulated by DC-total tumor RNA or control group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the antigen-specific CTL responses were MHC class I-restricted. The CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells incubated with anti-DcR3 mAb secreting DCs could produce extremely higher level IFN-gamma and lower level IL4 than those incubated with DC-total tumor RNA or controls (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION DCs engineered to secrete anti-DcR3 antibody can augment CTL responses against PC in vitro, and the immune-enhancing effects may be partly due to their capability of down-regulating DC apoptosis and adjusting the Th1/Th2 cytokine network.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Research Subject of Minhang Center(2015MHZ041)
文摘Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome （PRRS） is the severest disease of pigs worldwide, caused by a highly genetically diverse RNA virus, called Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （PRRSV）. The research summarized the genome characteristics of PRRSV particles and the most updated knowledge of structure protein function, and introduced the intellectual of PRRSV transmission and host immune response, which is very important for prevention and control for PRRS. A report showed that mass vaccination can stabilize the immunity of the entire herd, and this is the first required step for a PRRS eradication plan. However, the attenuated live vaccines may not achieve a valid prevention. The final goal of the EU project is to develop new generation, efficacious and safe maker vaccines that can be adapted to temporary changes and geographical differences.Robinson reported that broadly antibodies could neutralize all rapidly evolving type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ viruses, while further studies are expected to elucidate mechanisms of neutralizing antibody production and maturation and to investigate conserved epitope targets of cross-neutralization in this rapidly evolving virus.
文摘目的检测中国系统性硬化症（SSc）患者血清中硬皮病相关自身抗体一抗Sel-70抗体、抗着丝点抗体（ACA）和抗RNA多聚酶Ⅲ抗体（ARA），分析其与各种临床表现之间的关系。方法序贯纳入人选欧洲抗风湿病联盟硬皮病实验研究组（EULAR Scleroderma Trial and Research Group，EUSTAR）的135例中国SSc患者，分别用线性免疫印迹法、免疫双扩散法和间接免疫荧光法检测ARA、抗Scl-70抗体、ACA在患者血清中表达水平，并进一步分析自身抗体与患者各种临床表现之间的相关性。结果在135例SSc患者中抗Sel-70、ACA、ARA的阳性率分别为49．6％、13．3％和8．9％。抗Scl-70抗体阳性组患者的病程显著短于阴性组[（71±59）个月VS（90±103）个月，P=0．041]，肺间质病变的患炳率亦显著高于阴性组（P=0．031），但阳性组肺动脉高压的患病率显著低于阴性组（P=0．042），修订的Rodnan皮肤硬化评分（P=0．008）、面颈部皮肤硬化（P=0．002）、肘／膝关节远端皮肤硬化（P=0．004）以及指端凹陷性瘢痕／指垫消失的发生率（P=0．01）均显著高于阴性组；ACA阳性组患者的病程长于阴性组，差异具有统计学意义[（90±107）个月VS（69±64）个月，P=0．036]，肺间质病变的患病率显著低于阴性组（P＝0．045），IgM水平亦显著低于阴性组（P=0．045）；ARA阳性组和阴性组患者的病程等各项临床指标差异均无统计学意义，但阳性组血清肌酐和尿素氮水平显著高于阴性组（P〈0．001）。ACA和ARA患者各项皮肤硬化指标在阳性组和阴性组差异均无统计学意义。结论硬皮病特异相关的自身抗体与不同的临床表现紧密相关，检测此类抗体可能有助于SSc的诊断、脏器受累和预后评估。这些自身抗体在中国SSc患者的临床相关性可能不同于其他地区的SSc患者。
