戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)是造成急性肝炎最常见的原因之一。HEV基因组由5′非编码区、3个开放阅读框(ORF1、ORF2、ORF3)和3′非编码区组成,仅在HEV-1中发现了ORF4,并与ORF1重叠。各种编码蛋白在HEV的复制和感染中发挥着不...戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)是造成急性肝炎最常见的原因之一。HEV基因组由5′非编码区、3个开放阅读框(ORF1、ORF2、ORF3)和3′非编码区组成,仅在HEV-1中发现了ORF4,并与ORF1重叠。各种编码蛋白在HEV的复制和感染中发挥着不同的作用,而HEV的复制是由ORF1编码的RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶(RNA-dependent RNA polymerase,RdRp)所介导的。HEV RdRp是由多个蛋白亚基组成的复合酶,具有7个保守基序,这些保守基序在RNA合成过程中发挥核苷酸识别、合成、延伸、修饰和稳定等作用,保证了RdRp的功能,在HEV的复制和转录中起到关键作用。因此,以RdRp作为抗HEV药物作用靶点的治疗方案具有很好的应用前景,是目前药物开发的一种主流思路。目前,已发现利巴韦林、索非布韦、2′-C-甲基胞苷(2CMC)等核苷类RdRp抑制剂和锌、GPC-N114等非核苷类RdRp抑制剂对HEV有较强的抑制作用,可作为潜在的抗HEV药物进行深入研究。笔者对HEV编码蛋白和HEV RdRp的结构与功能进行阐述,总结目前发现的对HEV有抑制作用的RdRp抑制剂,以期为HEV的药物开发提供一种新的思路。展开更多
The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-Coronavirus plays a crucial action in the processes of viral replication and discontinuous transcription.Because of its important function and its highest conservation a...The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-Coronavirus plays a crucial action in the processes of viral replication and discontinuous transcription.Because of its important function and its highest conservation among the Coronaviruses,SARS-RdRp will be a potential drug target for anti-SARS therapy.Here we map the conserved motifs in SARS-RdRp by multiple sequence alignment,combined with structural information,in groups of virus RdRps proteins which are evolutionarily related,but share significantly low sequence similarity(10%-20%).Besides six known motifs,three novel ones are identified.Secondary structure and three dimensional structure indicate that conserved motifs tend to be situated in the junction regions of conserved beta sheets or alpha helices,whose location and length are conserved,but the primary amino acid sequences do not display conservation.SARS-RdRp shows similar structure to other viral RdRps and this implies that the current available antiviral agents for other RdRps might have important implications for anti-SARS therapy.展开更多
RNA荧光原位杂交(RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization,RNA-FISH)技术利用荧光标记的核苷酸探针,通过互补链杂交,对细胞或组织中特定的RNA序列进行检测和定位。由于RNA-FISH产生的阳性信号较弱,需要结合特异性信号放大,提高信噪比...RNA荧光原位杂交(RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization,RNA-FISH)技术利用荧光标记的核苷酸探针,通过互补链杂交,对细胞或组织中特定的RNA序列进行检测和定位。由于RNA-FISH产生的阳性信号较弱,需要结合特异性信号放大,提高信噪比。但传统信号放大技术的背景难以消除,无法定量且分辨率低,是RNA-FISH技术应用的巨大障碍。本文基于第3代杂交链反应(hybridization chain reaction version 3.0,HCR v3.0),利用一对分裂式探针消除非特异杂交背景,并引发荧光信号放大反应,建立了针对肠道病毒A71(enterovirus-A71,EV-A71)RNA的敏感、特异的FISH检测方法,并将该技术与蛋白免疫荧光(immunofluorescence,IF)检测结合,通过高分辨率激光共聚焦成像,成功地在单个细胞水平上检测了EV-A71感染细胞后病毒RNA与其聚合酶3D蛋白的分布变化和相互作用情况,并对细胞中病毒RNA和3D蛋白进行定量。发现相较于传统定量方法,如逆转录定量聚合酶链反应和免疫印迹,新一代RNA-FISH技术在单个细胞水平上病毒RNA和3D聚合酶的表达情况与群体细胞检测的结果在趋势上有明显差异。这说明,基于杂交链反应的新一代RNA-FISH技术,可以克服群体细胞数量增减掩盖病毒组分变化的缺点,从而真实反映病毒在单个细胞中的变化。展开更多
文摘The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-Coronavirus plays a crucial action in the processes of viral replication and discontinuous transcription.Because of its important function and its highest conservation among the Coronaviruses,SARS-RdRp will be a potential drug target for anti-SARS therapy.Here we map the conserved motifs in SARS-RdRp by multiple sequence alignment,combined with structural information,in groups of virus RdRps proteins which are evolutionarily related,but share significantly low sequence similarity(10%-20%).Besides six known motifs,three novel ones are identified.Secondary structure and three dimensional structure indicate that conserved motifs tend to be situated in the junction regions of conserved beta sheets or alpha helices,whose location and length are conserved,but the primary amino acid sequences do not display conservation.SARS-RdRp shows similar structure to other viral RdRps and this implies that the current available antiviral agents for other RdRps might have important implications for anti-SARS therapy.
文摘RNA荧光原位杂交(RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization,RNA-FISH)技术利用荧光标记的核苷酸探针,通过互补链杂交,对细胞或组织中特定的RNA序列进行检测和定位。由于RNA-FISH产生的阳性信号较弱,需要结合特异性信号放大,提高信噪比。但传统信号放大技术的背景难以消除,无法定量且分辨率低,是RNA-FISH技术应用的巨大障碍。本文基于第3代杂交链反应(hybridization chain reaction version 3.0,HCR v3.0),利用一对分裂式探针消除非特异杂交背景,并引发荧光信号放大反应,建立了针对肠道病毒A71(enterovirus-A71,EV-A71)RNA的敏感、特异的FISH检测方法,并将该技术与蛋白免疫荧光(immunofluorescence,IF)检测结合,通过高分辨率激光共聚焦成像,成功地在单个细胞水平上检测了EV-A71感染细胞后病毒RNA与其聚合酶3D蛋白的分布变化和相互作用情况,并对细胞中病毒RNA和3D蛋白进行定量。发现相较于传统定量方法,如逆转录定量聚合酶链反应和免疫印迹,新一代RNA-FISH技术在单个细胞水平上病毒RNA和3D聚合酶的表达情况与群体细胞检测的结果在趋势上有明显差异。这说明,基于杂交链反应的新一代RNA-FISH技术,可以克服群体细胞数量增减掩盖病毒组分变化的缺点,从而真实反映病毒在单个细胞中的变化。
