Performance improvement of MEH-PPV:PCBM solar cells using bathocuproine and bathophenanthroline as the buffer layers

In this work, bathocuproine （BCP） and bathophenanthroline （Bphen）, commonly used in small-molecule organic solar cells （OSCs）, are adopted as the buffer layers to improve the performance of the polymer solar cells （PSCs） based on poly（2-methoxy-5-（2-ethylhexyloxy）-1,4-phenylenevinylene） （MEH-PPV）： [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester （PCBM） bulk heterojunction. By inserting BCP or Bphen between the active layer and the top cathode, all the performance parameters are dramatically improved. The power conversion efficiency is increased by about 70% and 120% with 5-am BCP and 12-nm Bphen layers, respectively, when compared with that of the devices without any buffer layer. The performance enhancement is attributed to BCP or Bphen （i） increasing the optical field, and hence the absorption in the active layer, （ii） effectively blocking the excitons generated in MEH-PPV from quenching at organic/aluminum （Al） interface due to the large band-gap of BCP or Bphen, which results in a significant reduction in series resistance （Rs）, and （iii） preventing damage to the active layer during the metal deposition. Compared with the traditional device using LiF as the buffer layer, the BCP-based devices show a comparable efficiency, while the Bphen-based devices show a much larger efficiency. This is due to the higher electron mobility in Bphen than that in BCP, which facilitates the electron transport and extraction through the buffer layer to the cathode.

The thickness and volume of the choroid,outer retinal layers and retinal pigment epithelium layer changes in patients with diabetic retinopathy

AIM: To evaluate the thickness and volume changes of the choroidal, outer retinal layers(ORL) and retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) in patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR) using optical coherence tomography(OCT) and correlate them with visual acuity.METHODS: We carried out a retrospective observational case series. Consecutive DR patients were recruited for color fundus photography and OCT assessment. The RPE, ORL and choroidal thickness were measured. The correlation with the best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) was also investigated.RESULTS: The study included 128 eyes, comprising 45 eyes of 25 diabetic macular edema(DME) patients, 34 eyes of 20 DR without DME(non-DME) patients, and 49 eyes of 25 age-matched normal individuals. The choroidal thickness in DR patients were decreased statistically significantly compared with the control group(P<0.05). The mean macular ORL thickness in DME(73.02±15.34 μm) and non-DME groups(76.35±7.32 μm) were decreased statistically significantly compared with the control group(80.20±5.85 μm; P=0.006, P=0.013, respectively). In both the non-DME and DME groups, the RPE thickness were decreased compared with the control group(P<0.05), except in the macular and central ring. The BCVA were significant interactions with the total inner retinal volume and macular RPE thickness in the DME group(r=0.115, P<0.001, r=-0.013, P=0.017, respectively).CONCLUSION: The choroid, ORL and RPE thickness are significantly decreased in DR patients compared with controls in different segments.

Optical coherence tomography with or without enhanced depth imaging for peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and choroidal thickness

AIM：To assess peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer（RNFL）and choroidal thickness obtained with enhanced depth imaging（EDI）mode compared with those obtained without EDI mode using Heidelberg Spectralis optical coherence tomography（OCT）.METHODS：Fifty eyes of 25 normal healthy subjects and32 eyes of 20 patients with different eye diseases were included in the study.All subjects underwent 3.4 mm diameter peripapillary circular OCT scan centered on the optic disc using both the conventional and the EDI OCT protocols.The visualization of RNFL and choroidoscleral junction was assessed using an ordinal scoring scale.The paired t-test,intraclass correlation coefficient（ICC）,95%limits of agreement（LoA）,and Bland and Altman plots were used to test the agreement of measurements.RESULTS：The visibility score of RNFL obtained with and without EDI was of no significant difference（P=0.532）,the visualization of choroidoscleral junction was better using EDI protocol than conventional protocol（P〈0.001）.Peripapillary RNFL thickness obtained with EDI was slightly thicker than that obtained without EDI（103.25±9.42μm vs 101.87±8.78μm,P=0.010）.The ICC of the two protocols was excellent with the value of 0.867 to 0.924,the 95%LoA of global RNFL thickness was between-10.0 to 7.4μm.Peripapillary choroidal thickness obtained with EDI was slightly thinner than that obtained without EDI（147.23±51.04μm vs 150.90±51.84μm,P〈0.001）.The ICC was also excellent with the value of 0.960 to 0.987,the 95%LoA of global choroidal thickness was between-12.5 to 19.8μm.CONCLUSION：Peripapillary circular OCT scan with or without EDI mode shows comparable results in the measurement of peripapillary RNFL and choroidal thickness.

Evaluation of fatty acid metabolism and innate immunity interactions between commercial broiler, F1 layer × broiler cross and commercial layer strains selected for different growth potentials

Background： The broiler industry has undergone intense genetic selection over the past 50 yr. resulting in improvements for growth and feed efficiency, however, significant variation remains for performance and growth traits. Production improvements have been coupled with unfavourable metabolic consequences, including immunological trade-offs for growth, and excess fat deposition. To determine whether interactions between fatty acid（FA） metabolism and innate immunity may be associated with performance variations commonly seen within commercial broiler flocks, total carcass lipid %, carcass and blood FA composition, as wel as genes involved with FA metabolism, immunity and cel ular stress were investigated in male birds of a broiler strain, layer strain and F1 layer × broiler cross at d 14 post hatch. Heterophil：lymphocyte ratios, relative organ weights and bodyweight data were also compared.Results： Broiler bodyweight（n = 12） was four times that of layers（n = 12） by d 14 and had significantly higher carcass fat percentage compared to the cross（n = 6; P = 0.002） and layers（P = 0.017） which were not significantly different from each other（P = 0.523）. The carcass and whole blood FA analysis revealed differences in the FA composition between the three groups indicating altered FA metabolism, despite al being raised on the same diet. Genes associated with FA synthesis andβ-oxidation were upregulated in the broilers compared to the layers indicating a net overal increase in FA metabolism,which may be driven by the larger relative liver size as a percentage of bodyweight in the broilers. Genes involved in innate immunity such as TLR2 and TLR4, as wel as organel e stress indicators ERN1 and XBP1 were found to be nonsignificant, with the exception of high expression levels of XBP1 in layers compared to the cross and broilers. Additional y there was no difference in heterophil： lymphocytes between any of the birds.Conclusions： The results provide evidence that genetic selection may be associated with altered metabolic processes between broilers, layers and their F1 cross. Whilst there is no evidence of interactions between FA metabolism, innate immunity or cel ular stress, further investigations at later time points as growth and fat deposition increase would provide useful information as to the effects of divergent selection on key metabolic and immunological processes.

Topographic distribution features of the choroidal and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in Chinese school-aged children

AIM:To explore the topographic distribution features of choroidal thickness(CT)and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFLT),and determine the relationship between CT and ocular parameters in school-aged children.METHODS:The healthy school-aged children with low ametropia or emmetropia in Wenzhou were recruited for this cross-sectional study.With high-density optical coherence tomography(HD-OCT)combined with MATLAB software,the CT and RNFLT values in the macular area were measured at different locations and compared.Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation between CT and ophthalmic parameters,such as spherical equivalent(SE)and the axial length(AL).RESULTS:A total of 279 school-aged children with8.00±1.35 years of mean age(range,6-10 y)were included.The mean AL was 23.66±0.86 mm.The mean CT in CT-C(264.31±48.93μm)was thicker than that in CT-N1(249.54±50.52μm),and the average CT in the parafoveal region was also thicker than that in CT-N2(235.65±50.63μm).The subfoveal CT also varied substantially across refractive errors(P<0.001),and those with myopia(250.59±47.01μm)exhibited a thinner choroid compared with those with emmetropia(278.74±48.06μm).CT negatively correlated with AL(y=-21.72 x+779.17;R^2=0.1458),and positively correlated with SE(y=15.76 x+271.9;R^2=0.0727.OD;y=18.31 x+269.8;R^2=0.1007.OS).The average RNFLT was thickest in the peripapillary region(236.35±19.03μm),the mean RNFLT-S(131.10±15.16μm)was thicker than the RNFLT-I(128.20±16.59μm),and the mean RNFLT-T(76.54±11.99μm)was thicker than the RNFLT-N(64.28±8.55μm).The variations in the RNFLT between quadrants did differ between those with myopia and emmetropia(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:We establish demographic information for the choroid and RNFLT.These findings provide information that should be considered in future analyses of the CT and RNFLT in OCT studies in school-aged children.

Topographic distribution features of the choroidal and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in Wenzhou schoolaged children

AIM:To explore the topographic distribution features of choroidal thickness(CT)and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFLT),and determine the relationship between CT and ocular parameters in school-aged children.METHODS:The healthy school-aged children with low myopia or emmetropia in Wenzhou were recruited for this cross-sectional study.With high-density optical coherence tomography(HD-OCT)combined with MATLAB software,the CT and RNFLT values in the macular area were measured at different locations and compared.Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation between CT and ophthalmic parameters,such as spherical equivalent(SE)and the axial length(AL).RESULTS:A total of 279 school-aged children with 8.00±1.35 years of mean age(range,6-10 y)were included.The mean AL was 23.66±0.86 mm.The mean CT in CT-C(264.31±48.93μm)was thicker than that in CT-N1(249.54±50.52μm),and the average CT in the parafoveal region was also thicker than that in CT-N2(235.65±50.63μm).The subfoveal CT also varied substantially across refractive errors(P<0.001),and those with myopia(250.59±47.01μm)exhibited a thinner choroid compared with those with emmetropia(278.74±48.06μm).CT positively correlated with AL(y=11.12 x-4.15;R^2=0.18),and positively correlated with SE(y=90.07 x+17.916;R^2=14.2).The average RNFLT was thickest in the peripapillary region(236.35±19.03μm),the mean RNFLT-S(131.10±15.16μm)was thicker than the RNFLT-I(128.20±16.59μm),and the mean RNFLT-T(76.54±11.99μm)was thicker than the RNFLT-N(64.28±8.55μm).The variations in the RNFLT between quadrants did differ between those with myopia and emmetropia(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:We establish demographic information for the choroid and RNFLT.These findings provide information that should be considered in future analyses of the CT and RNFLT in OCT studies in school-aged children.

Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection: An effective and safe therapy for upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection(STER) and compare its outcomes in esophageal and cardial submucosal tumors(SMTs) of the muscularis propria(MP) layer.METHODS From May 2012 to November 2017, 173 consecutive patients with upper gastrointestinal(GI) SMTs of the MP layer underwent STER. Overall, 165 patients were included, and 8 were excluded. The baseline characteristics of the patients and SMTs were recorded. The en bloc resection rate, complete resection rate,residual rate, and recurrence rate were calculated to evaluate the effectiveness of STER, and the complication rate was recorded to evaluate its safety. Effectiveness and safety outcomes were compared between esophageal and cardial SMTs.RESULTS One hundred and twelve men and 53 women with a mean age of 46.9 ± 10.8 years were included. The mean tumor size was 22.6 ± 13.6 mm. Eleven SMTs were located in the upper esophagus(6.7%), 49 in the middle esophagus(29.7%), 46 in the lower esophagus(27.9%), and 59 in the cardia(35.7%). Irregular lesions accounted for 48.5% of all lesions. STER achieved an en bloc resection rate of78.7%(128/165) for GI SMTs with an overall complication rate of 21.2%(35/165).All complications resolved without intervention or were treated conservatively without the need for surgery. The en bloc resection rates of esophageal and cardial SMTs were 81.1%(86/106) and 72.1%(42/59), respectively(P = 0.142), and the complication rates were 19.8%(21/106) and 23.7%(14/59), respectively,(P =0.555). The most common complications for esophageal SMTs were gas-related complications and fever, while mucosal injury was the most common for cardial SMTs.CONCLUSION STER is an effective and safe therapy for GI SMTs of the MP layer. Its effectiveness and safety are comparable between SMTs of the esophagus and cardia.

The Boundary Layer Equations and a Dimensional Split Method for Navier-Stokes Equations in Exterior Domain of a Spheroid and Ellipsoid

In this paper, the boundary layer equations (abbreviation BLE) for exterior flow around an obstacle are established using semi-geodesic coordinate system (S-coordinate) based on the curved two dimensional surface of the obstacle. BLE are nonlinear partial differential equations on unknown normal viscous stress tensor and pressure on the obstacle and the existence of solution of BLE is proved. In addition a dimensional split method for dimensional three Navier-Stokes equations is established by applying several 2D-3C partial differential equations on two dimensional manifolds to approach 3D Navier-Stokes equations. The examples for the exterior flow around spheroid and ellipsoid are presents here.

颈前路减压融合ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统治疗退行性颈椎病的Meta分析

目的:颈前路减压融合术是治疗退行性颈椎病的经典手术方式,钉板的使用增加了融合率及稳定性的同时,间接导致了邻近椎体退变和术后吞咽困难的发生。文章通过Meta分析方法比较ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统和传统融合器联合钉板内固定治疗退行性颈椎病患者的临床结果和并发症情况,为颈前路减压融合术中内固定方式的选择提供循证学支持。方法:检索中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science和Embase数据库,检索关于颈前路减压融合术中应用ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统与融合器联合钉板内固定治疗退行性颈椎病的中英文文献。检索时间范围为各数据库建库至2023年7月。由2名研究者严格按照纳入与排除标准选择文献,采用Cochrane偏倚风险工具对随机对照试验进行质量评价,NOS量表对队列研究进行质量评价。采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结局指标包括手术时间、术中出血量、日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores,JOA)评分、颈椎功能障碍指数、C_(2)-C_(7)Cobb角、融合率、邻近椎体退变发生率、融合器沉降率和吞咽困难发生率。结果:共纳入13项研究,其中回顾性队列研究11项,随机对照试验2项,共1136例患者,ROI-C组569例,融合器联合钉板组567例。Meta分析结果显示:ROI-C组与融合器联合钉板组在手术时间(MD=-15.52,95%CI:-18.62至-12.42,P<0.00001),术中出血量(MD=-24.53,95%CI:-32.46至-16.61,P<0.00001),术后邻近节段退变率(RR=0.40,95%CI:0.27-0.60,P<0.00001)和术后总吞咽困难发生率(RR=0.18,95%CI:0.13-0.26,P<0.00001)均具有显著性差异。两者在术后JOA评分、颈椎功能障碍指数、C_(2)-C_(7)Cobb角、融合率和融合器沉降率方面无显著性差异(P≥0.05)。结论:在颈椎前路减压融合术中应用ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统与传统融合器联合钉板内固定治疗退行性颈椎病均可达到满意的临床效果,ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统操作更加简单,相比融合器联合钉板内固定能明显减少手术时间及术中出血量,在减少术后吞咽困难及邻近节段退变发生率等方面具有明显优势,对于跳跃型颈椎病及邻椎病翻修患者,更加推荐使用ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统。但鉴于其可能存在较高的沉降率,对于多节段且合并融合器沉降高危因素如骨质疏松、椎体终板破损的退行性颈椎病患者,仍建议使用融合器联合钉板内固定。

The low-latitude sodium layer:comparative data from lidar observations at Hainan,China and São Paulo,Brazil

Physical and chemical processes observed in the mesosphere and thermosphere above the Earth’s low latitudes are complex and highly interrelated to activity in the low-latitude ionosphere.Metallic sodium detected by lidar can yield clues to dynamic and chemical processes in these spatial layers above the Earth’s atmosphere.This paper is based on sodium layer data collected at two low-latitude stations,one in the northern hemisphere and one in the southern.The low-latitude sodium layer exhibits conspicuous seasonal variations in shape,density,and altitude;these variations are similar between Earth’s hemispheres:sodium layer density at both stations reaches its seasonal maximum in autumn and minimum in summer.However,maximal Na density over Brazil is greater than that over Hainan.Nocturnal variations of Na density above the two low-latitude stations are also similar;at both,maxima are observed before sunrise.Some variations of the Na layer over Brazil that differ from those observed in the northern hemisphere may be related to the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly(SAMA)or fountain effect.We suggest that low-latitude Na layer data may provide useful additional evidence that could significantly improve the low-latitude part of the WACCM-Na model.

Rock fracture mechanism of buffer blasting with cushion layer at the borehole bottom

This study primarily investigates the rock fracture mechanism of bottom cushion layer blasting and explores the effects of the bottom cushion layer on rock fragmentation.It involves analyses of the evolution patterns of blasting stress,characteristics of crack distribution,and rock fracture features in the specimens.First,blasting model experiments were carried out using the dynamic caustics principle to investigate the influence of bottom cushion layers and initiation methods on the integrity of the bottom rock mass.The experimental results indicate that the combined use of bottom cushion layers and inverse initiation effectively protects the integrity of the bottom rock mass.Subsequently,the process of stress wave propagation and dynamic crack propagation in rocks was simulated using the continuum-discontinuum element method(CDEM)and the Landau explosion source model,with varying thicknesses of bottom cushion layers.The numerical simulation results indicate that with increasing cushion thickness,the absorption of energy generated by the explosion becomes more pronounced,resulting in fewer cracks in the bottom rock mass.This illustrates the positive role of the cushion layer in protecting the integrity of the bottom rock mass.

Comparative analysis of empirical and deep learning models for ionospheric sporadic E layer prediction

Sporadic E(Es)layers in the ionosphere are characterized by intense plasma irregularities in the E region at altitudes of 90-130 km.Because they can significantly influence radio communications and navigation systems,accurate forecasting of Es layers is crucial for ensuring the precision and dependability of navigation satellite systems.In this study,we present Es predictions made by an empirical model and by a deep learning model,and analyze their differences comprehensively by comparing the model predictions to satellite RO measurements and ground-based ionosonde observations.The deep learning model exhibited significantly better performance,as indicated by its high coefficient of correlation(r=0.87)with RO observations and predictions,than did the empirical model(r=0.53).This study highlights the importance of integrating artificial intelligence technology into ionosphere modelling generally,and into predicting Es layer occurrences and characteristics,in particular.

Müller cells are activated in response to retinal outer nuclear layer degeneration in rats subjected to simulated weightlessness conditions

A microgravity environment has been shown to cause ocular damage and affect visual acuity,but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Therefore,we established an animal model of weightlessness via tail suspension to examine the pathological changes and molecular mechanisms of retinal damage under microgravity.After 4 weeks of tail suspension,there were no notable alterations in retinal function and morphology,while after 8 weeks of tail suspension,significant reductions in retinal function were observed,and the outer nuclear layer was thinner,with abundant apoptotic cells.To investigate the mechanism underlying the degenerative changes that occurred in the outer nuclear layer of the retina,proteomics was used to analyze differentially expressed proteins in rat retinas after 8 weeks of tail suspension.The results showed that the expression levels of fibroblast growth factor 2(also known as basic fibroblast growth factor)and glial fibrillary acidic protein,which are closely related to Müller cell activation,were significantly upregulated.In addition,Müller cell regeneration and Müller cell gliosis were observed after 4 and 8 weeks,respectively,of simulated weightlessness.These findings indicate that Müller cells play an important regulatory role in retinal outer nuclear layer degeneration during weightlessness.

基于自适应ROI的轴承内圈高精度视觉尺寸检测

针对机器视觉轴承内圈侧面复杂形状尺寸检测精度低的问题,提出根据检测目标建立小面积感兴趣区域(Region of Interest,ROI)的自适应选取方法和基于Zernike矩的ROI亚像素级边缘提取方法,大幅提升了轴承内圈尺寸的检测精度。首先分别拍摄轴承内圈左侧与右侧轮廓图像,对图像进行预处理。在此基础上,通过角点检测融合像素扫描的方法实现自适应ROI选取,解决了因轴承内圈移动引起的小面积ROI边缘误判问题;使用Canny算子提取ROI的像素级边缘,再用改进的Zernike矩算法得到亚像素级边缘。最后,分别对ROI中提取的边缘进行最小二乘圆拟合和直线拟合,根据像素当量与视场间隔将图像中各尺寸转换为轴承内圈实际尺寸。实验结果表明:所提方法测量的标准不确定度低于0.005 mm,满足轴承尺寸高精度检测的要求,对于实现轴承检测的自动化有实际意义。

Evaluation of choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in Chinese pregnant women and healthy non-pregnant women

Purpose:To evaluate choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness in different trimesters using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography(EDI-OCT).Methods:A prospective comparative study included 45 healthy pregnant women in the first trimester,45 women in the second,45 women in the third and 45 healthy non-pregnant women as the control group.Macular choroidal thickness was measured at three locations:The subfoveal,1 mm temporal,and 1 mm nasal from the fovea with EDI-OCT.Peripapillary choroidal thickness(PPCT)and RNFL thickness parameters were automatically calculated by the Spectralis OCT.Results:The subfoveal,temporal and nasal macular choroidal thickness were all significantly thicker in the second trimester,compared with those parameters in the first,the third trimesters and the control group(all P<0.05).The PPCT was significantly increased in the second trimeter compared with the control group at global,temporal,temporal inferior,nasal and nasal inferior positions(all P<0.05).The RNFL thickness was also significantly increased in pregnant women at nasal superior and nasal inferior quadrants(all P<0.05).Conclusions:The choroidal thickness in pregnant women was found to be thicker than the control group,regardless of macular or optic disc location.Findings of RNFL thickening might indicate subclinical involvement of the central nervous system.

Sidewall influence of varying free stream Mach number in ramp induced shock wave boundary layer interactions

This study investigates the three-dimensional(3D)effects introduced by the end walls for an aspect ratio of1 in ramp-induced shock wave boundary layer interactions.The simulations are performed using a symmetry boundary condition in the spanwise direction at free-stream Mach numbers in 3D.The simulations are performed using an in-house compressible supersonic solver“Open SBLIFVM”.Two free stream Mach numbers 2.5,and3 are used in the current work,and the simulated results are compared with the aspect ratio 1 simulations by Mangalagiri and Jammy.The inflow is initialized with a similarity solution;its Reynolds number based on the boundary layer thickness is adjusted such that the Reynolds number at the start of the ramp is kept at 3×10^(5)for all simulations.From the results,it is evident that the introduction of sidewalls resulted in a shorter centerline separation length when compared with the two-dimensional(2D)simulations.This contradicts the results at Mach 2 by Mangalgiri and Jammy where the vortex observed at Mach 2 in the central separation region disappeared with increasing free-stream Mach number.Additionally,the topology of interaction shifted from owl-like separation of the second kind to the first kind when the freestream Mach number increased from2 to 2.5.It can be concluded that the interaction topology is crucial to the increase or decrease of the central separation length when compared to 2D simulations.

Values of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer and 10-2 visual field measurements in detecting and evaluating glaucoma

AIM:To assess the performance of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness(mGCIPLT)and 10-2 visual field(VF)parameters in detecting early glaucoma and evaluating the severity of advanced glaucoma.METHODS:Totally 127 eyes from 89 participants(36 eyes of 19 healthy participants,45 eyes of 31 early glaucoma patients and 46 eyes of 39 advanced glaucoma patients)were included.The relationships between the optical coherence tomography(OCT)-derived parameters and VF sensitivity were determined.Patients with early glaucoma were divided into eyes with or without central 10°of the VF damages(CVFDs),and the diagnostic performances of OCT-derived parameters were assessed.RESULTS:In early glaucoma,the mGCIPLT was significantly correlated with 10-2 VF pattern standard deviation(PSD;with average mGCIPLT:β=-0.046,95%CI,-0.067 to-0.024,P<0.001).In advanced glaucoma,the mGCIPLT was related to the 24-2 VF mean deviation(MD;with average mGCIPLT:β=0.397,95%CI,0.199 to 0.595,P<0.001),10-2 VF MD(with average mGCIPLT:β=0.762,95%CI,0.485 to 1.038,P<0.001)and 24-2 VF PSD(with average mGCIPLT:β=0.244,95%CI,0.124 to 0.364,P<0.001).Except for the minimum and superotemporal mGCIPLT,the decrease of mGCIPLT in early glaucomatous eyes with CVFDs was more severe than that of early glaucomatous eyes without CVFDs.The area under the curve(AUC)of the average mGCIPLT(AUC=0.949,95%CI,0.868 to 0.982)was greater than that of the average circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(cpRNFLT;AUC=0.827,95%CI,0.674 to 0.918)and rim area(AUC=0.799,95%CI,0.610 to 0.907)in early glaucomatous eyes with CVFDs versus normal eyes.CONCLUSION:The 10-2 VF and mGCIPLT parameters are complementary to 24-2 VF,cpRNFLT and ONH parameters,especially in detecting early glaucoma with CVFDs and evaluating the severity of advanced glaucoma in group level.

Dual-function protective layer for highly reversible Zn anode

The thermodynamic instability of zinc anodes in aqueous electrolytes leads to issues such as corrosion,hydrogen evolution reactions(HER), and dendrite growth, severely hindering the practical application of zinc-based aqueous energy storage devices. To address these challenges, this work proposes a dualfunction zinc anode protective layer, composed of Zn-Al-In layered double oxides(ILDO) by rationally designing Zn-Al layered double hydroxides(Zn-Al LDHs) for the first time. Differing from previous works on the LDHs coatings, firstly, the ILDO layer accelerates zinc-ion desolvation and also captures and anchors SO_(4)^(2-). Secondly, the in-situ formation of the Zn-In alloy phase effectively lowers the nucleation energy barrier, thereby regulating zinc nucleation. Consequently, the zinc anode with the ILDO protective layer demonstrates long-term stability exceeding 1900 h and low voltage hysteresis of 7.5 m V at 0.5 m A cm^(-2) and 0.5 m A h cm^(-2). Additionally, it significantly enhances the rate capability and cycling performance of Zn@ILDO//MnO_(2) full batteries and Zn@ILDO//activated carbon zinc-ion hybrid capacitors.This simple and effective dual-function protective layer strategy offers a promising approach for achieving high-performance zinc-ion batteries.

一种改进ROI模型的舌体红外信息研究

舌诊是中医望诊的重要手段,同时,温度与人体的健康息息相关。为了研究舌面的脏腑功能定位及舌象温度关系的反映,论文提出了一种红外技术的感兴趣区域(region of interest, ROI)模型研究方法。首先,利用葛立恒扫描法和Bezier曲线对多边形ROI模型进行改进;然后,借助U-Net分割网络将提取出的温度信息进行训练与学习,从而做到批量处理舌体温度信息;最后,利用HSV色彩模型进行3D可视化,达成舌象温度分区的可视化研究。此外,为了验证该方法的准确性,实验还对模型截取出的舌体进行了评价指标验证,准确度可以达到0.991 1,分割效果极佳。研究表明:改进后的红外信息提取技术既能直观地观察到舌体的分区状况,也可以完整保留舌体的信息变化,为中医的数据化提供了完整可行性方案。实现了舌体红外信息数据的提取与中医诊断技术的有机结合。解决了中医一体化望诊的舌体信息完整性及准确性问题。

V-doped Co-free Li-rich layered oxide with enhanced oxygen redox reversibility for excellent voltage stability and high initial Coulombic efficiency

Li-rich Mn-based oxides(LRMOs)hold great promise as next-generation cathode materials for high-energy Li-ion batteries because of their low cost and high capacity.Nevertheless,the practical application of LRMOs is impeded by their low initial Coulombic efficiency and rapid voltage decay.Herein,a V-doped layered-spinel coherent layer is constructed on the surface of a Co-free LRMO through a simple treatment with NH_(4)VO_(3).The layered-spinel coherent layer with 3D ion channels enhanced Li+diffusion efficiency,mitigates surface-inter-face reactions and suppresses irreversible oxygen release.Notably,V-doping significantly reduces the Bader charge of oxygen atoms,thereby impeding excessive oxidation of oxygen ions and further enhancing the stability of O-redox.The modified LRMO exhibites a remarkable initial Coulombic efficiency of 91.6%,signifi-cantly surpassing that of the original LRMO(74.4%).Furthermore,the treated sample showes an impressive capacity retention rate of 91.9%after 200 cycles,accompanied by a voltage decay of merely 0.47 mV per cycle.The proposed treatment approach is straightforward and significantly improves the initial Coulombic efficiency,voltage stability,and capacity stability of LRMO cathode materials,thus holding considerable promise for the development of high-energy Li-ion batteries.