Guns and Rousseau’s recently published paper in FITEE gives a clear introduction about some important research results related to complex networks, which deepens people’s understanding of network characteristics, an...Guns and Rousseau’s recently published paper in FITEE gives a clear introduction about some important research results related to complex networks, which deepens people’s understanding of network characteristics, and puts forward new measures and models. The proposed gefura measures show the significance of appropriately using a “basic” normalization to describe the betweenness centrality of nodes, and then the “structural” normalization to pay more attention to the level of groups. The term “gefura measures” is from old Greek γεφυρα, meaning bridge measure, a more descriptive term with universal appeal. More specifically, they applied the Brandes algorithm to calculate the gefura measures, which makes their article easier to apply to practical cases. Even in academia, any new ideas, concepts, indicators and models should stand the test of time. The spirit of innovation of Rousseau and his team is highly recommendable. We sincerely hope that the study on gefura measures can raise more concerns, and can be recognized and used by social scientists, informetricians, and colleagues studying complex networks from all over the world as an important outcome.展开更多
This study aims to question the traditional interpretation of the Enlightenment discourse,which rests upon the assumption that Eastern Europeans were considered as uneducated savages(an image created by Western Europe...This study aims to question the traditional interpretation of the Enlightenment discourse,which rests upon the assumption that Eastern Europeans were considered as uneducated savages(an image created by Western European elites)that need to be developed according to the principles of Western civilization.Such a view might be deemed incomplete and thus misleading.Of course,there have always been many“Western progressive thinkers”who promoted the idea of westernization of the East,as well as there have been plenty of Eastern Enlightenment intellectuals holding onto Western ideals as a means of salvation from backwardness.However,one should admit that the original Eastern structures of state and society represented an inspiring alternative that enabled some theoreticians to get a different viewpoint;as obvious in the Polish case.Taking the uniqueness of their 18th century political system into account,one is able to acknowledge the importance of the Polish internal debate that tried to answer whether a republican spirit of the state was something that should have been preserved or completely rejected.In terms of the East-Western dichotomical point of view however,it is essential that this contradiction between republic as“bulwark of freedom”and“backward barbarism”did not only represent a local issue,but also piqued Western curiosity,especially Rousseau’s one.Hence,it is fully legitimate to analyse his approach towards this Eastern European country and his conclusions that contradicted both the Western as well as the Polish common convictions that the region was something undesirable.Thus,the main purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the tensions between Rousseau and Polish Enlightenment thinkers such as M.Wielhorski or S.Leszczyński and,by clarifying them,to reveal a deeper ambiguity of the Enlightenment discourse concerning the interpretation of Eastern Europe as well as human nature.展开更多
Rousseau is a famous man in the history of the education and philosophy over the whole world. His theory of education all based on his philosophy ideas. This paper mainly discusses Rousseau's two philosophy ideas ...Rousseau is a famous man in the history of the education and philosophy over the whole world. His theory of education all based on his philosophy ideas. This paper mainly discusses Rousseau's two philosophy ideas on education.展开更多
Jean-Jacques Rousseau is one of the most important philosophers,writers and composers in the 18th-century Enlightenment.His philosophy of education presented in his treatise,Emile,has been influential,and largely for ...Jean-Jacques Rousseau is one of the most important philosophers,writers and composers in the 18th-century Enlightenment.His philosophy of education presented in his treatise,Emile,has been influential,and largely for good.Through the analysis of Rousseau' s philosophy of education and American education ideas in the elementary and secondary schools,this paper argues that Rousseau' s Philosophy of education has a great impact on American elementary and secondary education because it stresses the physical and emotional development of the child,the importance of a progressive education adapted to the individuals and the teacher must understand the child.展开更多
Within the vast body of scholarship on the Enlightenment,only a small portion addresses the role of China in the debates of that period.Among those,scarcely any concerns the relationship between China and Rousseau'...Within the vast body of scholarship on the Enlightenment,only a small portion addresses the role of China in the debates of that period.Among those,scarcely any concerns the relationship between China and Rousseau's thought.Yet the connections are many,and deep.This essay surveys a body of Chinese political theory available to Rousseau,then compares Rousseau's understanding of sovereignty,the“people,”popular will,public opinion,and the authority of office,with comparable terms present in the Chinese theory available to him.The aim of this exercise is not so much to establish influence,though that can be dificult to deny.Primarily,the essay attermpts to show that Rousseau's system generates contradictions in part because he attempts to combine parliamentary procedure with the conception of sovereignty and the popular will found in his Chinese sources.展开更多
文摘Guns and Rousseau’s recently published paper in FITEE gives a clear introduction about some important research results related to complex networks, which deepens people’s understanding of network characteristics, and puts forward new measures and models. The proposed gefura measures show the significance of appropriately using a “basic” normalization to describe the betweenness centrality of nodes, and then the “structural” normalization to pay more attention to the level of groups. The term “gefura measures” is from old Greek γεφυρα, meaning bridge measure, a more descriptive term with universal appeal. More specifically, they applied the Brandes algorithm to calculate the gefura measures, which makes their article easier to apply to practical cases. Even in academia, any new ideas, concepts, indicators and models should stand the test of time. The spirit of innovation of Rousseau and his team is highly recommendable. We sincerely hope that the study on gefura measures can raise more concerns, and can be recognized and used by social scientists, informetricians, and colleagues studying complex networks from all over the world as an important outcome.
文摘This study aims to question the traditional interpretation of the Enlightenment discourse,which rests upon the assumption that Eastern Europeans were considered as uneducated savages(an image created by Western European elites)that need to be developed according to the principles of Western civilization.Such a view might be deemed incomplete and thus misleading.Of course,there have always been many“Western progressive thinkers”who promoted the idea of westernization of the East,as well as there have been plenty of Eastern Enlightenment intellectuals holding onto Western ideals as a means of salvation from backwardness.However,one should admit that the original Eastern structures of state and society represented an inspiring alternative that enabled some theoreticians to get a different viewpoint;as obvious in the Polish case.Taking the uniqueness of their 18th century political system into account,one is able to acknowledge the importance of the Polish internal debate that tried to answer whether a republican spirit of the state was something that should have been preserved or completely rejected.In terms of the East-Western dichotomical point of view however,it is essential that this contradiction between republic as“bulwark of freedom”and“backward barbarism”did not only represent a local issue,but also piqued Western curiosity,especially Rousseau’s one.Hence,it is fully legitimate to analyse his approach towards this Eastern European country and his conclusions that contradicted both the Western as well as the Polish common convictions that the region was something undesirable.Thus,the main purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the tensions between Rousseau and Polish Enlightenment thinkers such as M.Wielhorski or S.Leszczyński and,by clarifying them,to reveal a deeper ambiguity of the Enlightenment discourse concerning the interpretation of Eastern Europe as well as human nature.
文摘Rousseau is a famous man in the history of the education and philosophy over the whole world. His theory of education all based on his philosophy ideas. This paper mainly discusses Rousseau's two philosophy ideas on education.
文摘Jean-Jacques Rousseau is one of the most important philosophers,writers and composers in the 18th-century Enlightenment.His philosophy of education presented in his treatise,Emile,has been influential,and largely for good.Through the analysis of Rousseau' s philosophy of education and American education ideas in the elementary and secondary schools,this paper argues that Rousseau' s Philosophy of education has a great impact on American elementary and secondary education because it stresses the physical and emotional development of the child,the importance of a progressive education adapted to the individuals and the teacher must understand the child.
文摘Within the vast body of scholarship on the Enlightenment,only a small portion addresses the role of China in the debates of that period.Among those,scarcely any concerns the relationship between China and Rousseau's thought.Yet the connections are many,and deep.This essay surveys a body of Chinese political theory available to Rousseau,then compares Rousseau's understanding of sovereignty,the“people,”popular will,public opinion,and the authority of office,with comparable terms present in the Chinese theory available to him.The aim of this exercise is not so much to establish influence,though that can be dificult to deny.Primarily,the essay attermpts to show that Rousseau's system generates contradictions in part because he attempts to combine parliamentary procedure with the conception of sovereignty and the popular will found in his Chinese sources.
