A Novel Defender-Attacker-Defender Model for Resilient Distributed Generator Planning with Network Reconfiguration and Demand Response

To improve the resilience of a distribution system against extreme weather,a fuel-based distributed generator(DG)allocation model is proposed in this study.In this model,the DGs are placed at the planning stage.When an extreme event occurs,the controllable generators form temporary microgrids(MGs)to restore the load maximally.Simultaneously,a demand response program(DRP)mitigates the imbalance between the power supply and demand during extreme events.To cope with the fault uncertainty,a robust optimization(RO)method is applied to reduce the long-term investment and short-term operation costs.The optimization is formulated as a tri-level defenderattacker-defender(DAD)framework.At the first level,decision-makers work out the DG allocation scheme;at the second level,the attacker finds the optimal attack strategy with maximum damage;and at the third level,restoration measures,namely distribution network reconfiguration(DNR)and demand response are performed.The problem is solved by the nested column and constraint generation(NC&CG)method and the model is validated using an IEEE 33-node system.Case studies validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model according to the enhanced resilience and reduced cost.

Principles for Designing New Types of Housing for a Strong and Resilient Local Economy in the Republic of Congo

The Congolese population is organised into households, which are thus headed by a chief who ensures the social well-being, development and integration into working life of the individuals in his charge. This study examines the functional principles of new housing design as an instrument for transforming the (current) failing economy into a strong and resilient one. Accordingly, a literature review of the practice of designing and building housing in human settlements in the Congo revealed the state of the art on this subject. An analysis of the existing housing stock from a demographic, social and economic point of view made it possible to identify the most common household sizes and numbers, as well as the lifestyle processes that determine the need for developed space. To this end, the experimental method was used to propose configuration plans for various new types of dwelling. To this end, the study highlighted the link between people’s standard of living and the effectiveness of their involvement in the local economy. To achieve the aims of the National Development Plan (NDP), particular attention must be paid to solving the housing problem. The existing housing stock actively contributes to the problems associated with unemployment and insecurity. Functional principles for the design of new types of housing have been developed. Four model types are proposed in line with the demographic structure of the population, their socio-economic characteristics and their lifestyle.

Modelling of the variation of granular base materials resilient modulus with material characteristics and humidity conditions

This study aims to quantify the susceptibility of granular materials used in pavements to changes in moisture content and propose a correlation model to incorporate this susceptibility into seasonal analyses.The fines content and the percentage of fractured coarse aggregates were identified as direct indicators of the resilient modulus susceptibility to changes in water content.The results showed that the percentage of fractured coarse aggregates particles(FR)has a more significant impact on the resilient modulus(Er)of crushed granular materials used in pavement construction than the combined indicator of the fines content and sample volumetrics(nf).Crushed granular materials with a higher percentage of fractured coarse aggregates are relatively insensitive to changes in the degree of saturation,but become more sensitive as the fine fraction porosity decreases.An adjusted model was proposed based on the existing formulation,but considers a complex parameter to describe and adjust the sensitivity of base granular materials to variations in moisture content with respect to fabrication charac-teristics,fines content and volumetric properties.The model shows that the variation of Er values is below10%for fully crushed granular materials.However,it reaches approximately±12%for materials with 75%of crushed coarse aggregates andþ40%and-25%for materials with FR=50%.This model could help select good ag-gregates characteristics and adjust grain-size distribution for environments where significant moisture content variations can occur in the pavement system,such as in the Province of Quebec(Canada).As it is based on pa-rameters that can be easily determined or estimated,it also represents a valuable tool for detailed design and analysis that can consider material characteristics.

Resilient performance of self-centering hybrid rocking walls with curved interface under pseudo-static loading

Frame and rocking wall(FRW)structures have excellent resilient performance during earthquakes.However,the concrete at interfacial corners of rocking walls(RWs)is easily crushed due to local extreme compression during the rocking process.An innovative RW with a curved interface is proposed to prevent interfacial corners from producing local damage,enhancing its earthquake resilient performance(ERP).The precast wall panel with a curved interface is assembled into an integral self-centering hybrid rocking wall(SCRW)by two post-tensioned unbonded prestressed tendons.Moreover,two ordinary energy dissipation steel rebars and two shear reinforcements are arranged to increase the energy dissipation capacity and lateral resistance.Two SCRW specimens and one monolithic reinforced concrete(RC)shear wall(SW)were tested under pseudo-static loading to compare the ERPs of the proposed SCRW and the SW,focusing on studying the effect of the curved interface on the SCRW.The key resilient performance of rocking effects,failure modes,and hysteretic properties of the SCRW were explored.The results show that nonlinear deformations of the SCRW are concentrated along the interface between the SCRW and the foundation,avoiding damage within the SCRW.The restoring force provided by the prestressed tendons can effectively realize self-centering capacity with small residual deformation,and the resilient performance of the SCRW is better than that of monolithic SW.In addition,the curved interface of the SCRW makes the rocking center change and move inward,partially relieving the stress concentration and crush of concrete.The rocking range of the rocking center is about 41.4%of the width of the SCRW.

Artificial Intelligence Based on Resilient Leadership in the Health Sector-A Secondary Publication

At present,it is impossible to deny the existence of artificial intelligence in various areas of social life,understood as the simulation of expert human intelligence from computer processes that involve learning,reasoning,and self-correction,its benefits to the medical field,in particular,are innumerable,but their incorporation into health systems has been gradual for many reasons.According to the above,this research analyzed artificial intelligence based on resilient leadership in the health sector,for which qualitative research was carried out with a documentary-bibliographic design with printed and electronic documentary sources with theoretical contributions fromÁvila,Mayer,and Quesada[1],Morgan[2],Villa[3],and Finol[4],among others.It is highlighted that resilient leadership has become a strategic factor in all organizations,since times of uncertainty and changes lead institutions to properly manage the incorporation of technologies specifically AI,achieving in this way that the centers and professionals in the field of health assume the needs of the contexts and the innovations of the same.It is concluded that resilient leadership will allow artificial intelligence in the health sector to generate higher levels of learning and adaptability to the transformations that are necessary,whose resistance would make its application difficult and in the long run it will leave behind professionals who refuse to assume the contributions of these innovative techniques in medical practice.

急性心肌梗死患者心脏骤停心肺复苏后血清NLR、RPR、hs-CRP水平及其对预后的影响

评定急性心肌梗死心脏骤停心肺复苏后血清NLR、RPR、hs-CRP水平及对预后的影响。方法 选取心脏骤停急性心肌梗死的病例100例,符合入组标准。入院后调查一般资料,根据院前是否接受心肺复苏,分为心肺复苏组(61例)和非心肺复苏组(39例)。出院后对心肺复苏患者进行6个月随访,根据预后,分为预后不良组(38例)和预后良好组(23例)。抽取血液标本,测定血清NLR、RPR、hs-CRP水平,建立多因素风险模型,分析急性心肌梗死患者心脏骤停心肺复苏后预后不良的危险因素。结果 心肺复苏组血清NLR、RPR、hs-CRP水平要高于非心肺复苏组(P<0.05)。预后不良组血清NLR、RPR、hs-CRP水平要高于预后良好组(P<0.05)。Logistic结果提示:血清NLR、RPR、hs-CRP均为心脏骤停心肺复苏后预后不良的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 急性心肌梗死心脏骤停心肺复苏后NLR、RPR、hs-CRP明显升高,与预后相关。通过测定血清NLR、RPR、hs-CRP的变化,有效预测心肺复苏后的预后结局。

Resilient and Safe Platooning Control of Connected Automated Vehicles Against Intermittent Denial-of-Service Attacks

Connected automated vehicles(CAVs)serve as a promising enabler for future intelligent transportation systems because of their capabilities in improving traffic efficiency and driving safety,and reducing fuel consumption and vehicle emissions.A fundamental issue in CAVs is platooning control that empowers a convoy of CAVs to be cooperatively maneuvered with desired longitudinal spacings and identical velocities on roads.This paper addresses the issue of resilient and safe platooning control of CAVs subject to intermittent denial-of-service(DoS)attacks that disrupt vehicle-to-vehicle communications.First,a heterogeneous and uncertain vehicle longitudinal dynamic model is presented to accommodate a variety of uncertainties,including diverse vehicle masses and engine inertial delays,unknown and nonlinear resistance forces,and a dynamic platoon leader.Then,a resilient and safe distributed longitudinal platooning control law is constructed with an aim to preserve simultaneous individual vehicle stability,attack resilience,platoon safety and scalability.Furthermore,a numerically efficient offline design algorithm for determining the desired platoon control law is developed,under which the platoon resilience against DoS attacks can be maximized but the anticipated stability,safety and scalability requirements remain preserved.Finally,extensive numerical experiments are provided to substantiate the efficacy of the proposed platooning method.

Resilient Time-Varying Formation-Tracking of Multi-UAV Systems Against Composite Attacks: A Two-Layered Framework

This paper studies the countermeasure design problems of distributed resilient time-varying formation-tracking control for multi-UAV systems with single-way communications against composite attacks,including denial-of-services(DoS)attacks,false-data injection attacks,camouflage attacks,and actuation attacks(AAs).Inspired by the concept of digital twin,a new two-layered protocol equipped with a safe and private twin layer(TL)is proposed,which decouples the above problems into the defense scheme against DoS attacks on the TL and the defense scheme against AAs on the cyber-physical layer.First,a topologyrepairing strategy against frequency-constrained DoS attacks is implemented via a Zeno-free event-triggered estimation scheme,which saves communication resources considerably.The upper bound of the reaction time needed to launch the repaired topology after the occurrence of DoS attacks is calculated.Second,a decentralized adaptive and chattering-relief controller against potentially unbounded AAs is designed.Moreover,this novel adaptive controller can achieve uniformly ultimately bounded convergence,whose error bound can be given explicitly.The practicability and validity of this new two-layered protocol are shown via a simulation example and a UAV swarm experiment equipped with both Ultra-WideBand and WiFi communication channels.

Compounding effects of human activities and climatic changes on coexistence of oasis-desert ecosystems:Prioritizing resilient decision-making for a riskier world

Water-salt balance is critical for the stable coexistence of salt-affected and groundwater-fed oasis-desert ecosystems. Yet, a comprehensive investigation of how soil salinization and groundwater degradation threaten the coexistence of oasis-desert ecosystems is still scarce, especially under the compounding effects of human activities and climatic changes. Here, we assessed the impacts of irrigated agriculture on hydrological regimes in oasisdesert systems, investigated the spatio-temporal variations of soil salinization in irrigated cropland, and evaluated the implications of the interplays of soil salinization and groundwater degradation on the coexistence of oasis-desert ecosystems in northwestern China, based on meaningful modelling approaches and comprehensive measurements over 1995–2020. The results showed that the irrigation return flow coefficient decreased sharply from 0.21 ± 0.09 in the traditional irrigation period to 0.09 ± 0.01 in the water-saving irrigation period. The continuous drop in groundwater tables and significant degradation of groundwater quality are occurring throughout this watershed. The eco-environmental flows are reaching to their limit with watershed closures(i.e.,the drainage from the oasis region into the desert region is being weakened or even eliminated), although these progressions were largely hidden by regional precipitation and streamflow variability. The process of salt migration and accumulation across different landscapes in oasis-desert system is being reshaped, and soil salinization in water-saving agricultural irrigated lands is accelerating with a regional average annual growth rate of18%. The vegetation in this watershed is degrading, and anthropogenic disturbance accelerates this trend. Our results highlight that environmental stress adaptation strategies must account for resilience maintenance to avoid accelerating catastrophic transitions in oasis-desert ecosystems. Determining the optimal oasis scales and formulating the best irrigation management plans are effective and resilient decision-making ways to maintain the coexistence relationship of oasis-desert ecosystem in drylands.

Resilient tightly coupled INS/UWB integration method for indoor UAV navigation under challenging scenarios

Based on the high positioning accuracy,low cost and low-power consumption,the ultra-wide-band(UWB)is an ideal solution for indoor unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)localization and navigation.However,the UWB signals are easy to be blocked or reflected by obstacles such as walls and furniture.A resilient tightly-coupled inertial navigation system(INS)/UWB integration is proposed and implemented for indoor UAV navigation in this paper.A factor graph optimization(FGO)method enhanced by resilient stochastic model is established to cope with the indoor challenging scenarios.To deal with the impact of UWB non-line-of-sight(NLOS)signals and noise uncertainty,the conventional neural net-works(CNNs)are introduced into the stochastic modelling to improve the resilience and reliability of the integration.Based on the status that the UWB features are limited,a‘two-phase'CNNs structure was designed and implemented:one for signal classification and the other one for measurement noise prediction.The proposed resilient FGO method is tested on flighting UAV platform under actual indoor challenging scenario.Compared to classical FGO method,the overall positioning errors can be decreased from about 0.60 m to centimeter-level under signal block and reflection scenarios.The superiority of resilient FGO which effectively verified in constrained environment is pretty important for positioning accuracy and integrity for indoor navigation task.

Development of Comprehensive PNT and Resilient PNT

Any single Positioning,Navigation and Timing(PNT)technology has its vulnerability and limits,even the powerful Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)is no exception.To provide continuous and reliable PNT information to users,the theory and technique of comprehensive PNT information system and resilient PNT application system have attracted great attention from Chinese scholars.We try to summarize the progress and development of the synthetic PNT system,including the proposal,the modification and the improvement of the comprehensive PNT,as well as the follow-up resilient PNT.The frame of China’s comprehensive PNT system consisted of comprehensive PNT infrastructure and comprehensive PNT application system is initially described;the achievements on some main PNT technologies are introduced;the conceptual models of resilient PNT are given;besides,existing researches on resilient function models and stochastic models are summarized according to different user scenarios.

Attack-resilient control for converter-based DC microgrids

In light of the growing integration of renewable energy sources in power systems,the adoption of DC microgrids has become increasingly popular,due to its simple structure,having no frequency,power factor concerns.However,the dependence of DC microgrids on cyber-networks also makes them susceptible to cyber-attacks.Potential cyberattacks can disrupt power system facilities and result in significant economic and loss of life.To address this concern,this paper presents an attack-resilient control strategy for microgrids to ensure voltage regulation and power sharing with stable operation under cyber-attack on the actuators.This paper first formulates the cyber-security problem considering a distributed generation based microgrid using the converter model,after which an attack-resilient control is proposed to eliminate the actuator attack impact on the system.Steady state analysis and root locus validation illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method.The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated through simulation results.

基于组合赋权-云模型的城市洪涝灾害韧性评价方法

基于城市系统应对洪涝灾害事件的响应过程,从基础抵御、防灾预警、应急响应和适应恢复4个方面构建了包含4个一级指标和20个二级指标的城市洪涝灾害韧性评价指标体系,在此基础上通过可拓层次分析法和熵权法对指标分别进行主观和客观赋权,结合博弈论理论进行组合赋权,提出了基于组合赋权-云模型的城市洪涝灾害韧性评价方法。南京市6个行政区的验证结果表明:该方法可有效评价城市洪涝灾害韧性水平,6个行政区中建邺区、江宁区为高韧性地区,鼓楼区、秦淮区为较高韧性地区,雨花台区为中等韧性地区,溧水区为较低韧性地区。

京津冀城市群城市韧性时空演变特征及空间差异研究——基于改进的PSR框架

基于改进的“压力—状态—响应”研究框架、组合权重模型、Dagum基尼系数对京津冀城市群2001—2020年的城市韧性时序演变特征及其空间差异进行实证研究。结果表明:(1)时序演变上,京津冀城市群城市韧性水平在研究区间内总体呈波动式上升的趋势,存在明显的阶梯式失衡现象;(2)空间分布上,京津冀城市群高韧性区域由点到面、由中部至南北部进行蔓延,总体呈现“北京—天津双核驱动,中北强南弱”的韧性格局;(3)区域差异来源上,京津冀城市群城市韧性区域间不均衡现象突出而区域内发展较为均衡,区域间差异是京津冀城市群城市韧性总体差异的主要来源。

文明韧性、国家韧性与中华民族共同体建设

在我国政治学语境下,韧性理论围绕治理现代化意义上长治久安、和谐共生的政治系统愿景而建构,治理韧性的本质属性与目标则可以理解为政治治理体系效能较强,以及国家与社会各领域的自主性发展与运行形成较强的生命力、抗逆力、复原力与可持续发展性。中国以文明型国家的国家传统,形成以国家、社会、民族相互塑造而延续千年不辍的韧性,韧性的理念深度蕴含在中华文明品质与国家建设中。中华文明的五大特性对中华文明所蕴含的文明韧性作出了最好的阐释,而“两个结合”为我国的政治现代化如何汲取文明韧性,以中华民族现代文明引领中国式现代化的持续发展指明了基本原则与实践方向。中华文明韧性与中国国家韧性的叠加,形成中华民族共同体的韧性。以文明韧性为基底、以国家韧性为依托、以共同体韧性为目标,在中国式现代化进程中进一步探索更丰富和更具韧性的治理路径,是推进国家治理体系与治理能力现代化的题中应有之义。在中国式现代化进程中展开的国家治理,不断汲取中华文明的韧性因素,持续建设韧性国家,从而能够塑造对抗现代性风险的韧性政治,其经验可为人类现代化建设提供中国智慧。

城市韧性张力:学理因由、双因耦合与水平评估

在气候变化和经济全球化背景下,提升城市韧性、减轻灾害风险是实现城市数字治理和高质量发展的重要基点。论文提出使用“韧性张力”表征城市韧性水平和提升空间,运用“风险—韧性”双因耦合矩阵测量山西省11个地级市的韧性状态,确定不同类型城市的韧性发展方向。研究表明:(1)山西省七成以上地级市的灾害风险水平偏低、韧性张力较好。(2)年均灾害损失占财政支出的比值与灾害防治及应急管理实际支出比的失衡反映了城市应急资金储备的不足。(3)融合吸收、恢复、适应和调整阶段的韧性过程曲线有助于发现韧性“赤字”并预测趋势。针对参与韧性建设的不同主体,坚持问题导向、因地制宜和风险沟通,切合时宜助推韧性张力提升。

知觉压力与大学生自杀意念:心理复原力和抑郁的链式中介作用

目的探讨知觉压力与自杀意念的关系,并探究心理复原力和抑郁在其中的中介作用。方法采用知觉压力量表、大学生复原力量表、贝克抑郁量表和自杀意念量表对875名大学生进行调查。结果①知觉压力与抑郁、自杀意念呈显著正相关,与心理复原力呈显著负相关;②知觉压力不能直接影响大学生自杀意念,但能通过3条间接路径对自杀意念产生影响:心理复原力的单独中介作用、抑郁的单独中介作用以及心理复原力和抑郁的链式中介作用。结论心理复原力和抑郁在知觉压力与大学生自杀意念的关系中间起链式中介作用。

数字乡村建设赋能农业经济韧性的影响机制及效应

数字经济为我国农业高质量发展带来新的机遇与挑战,探寻数字乡村建设对农业经济韧性的影响,可为我国推动农业农村现代化发展和建设农业强国提供理论与实证支撑。文章基于2011—2021年中国30个省份的面板数据,采用双向固定效应模型与面板门槛模型实证分析数字乡村建设对农业经济韧性的影响机制。研究发现:数字乡村建设通过促进产业结构升级显著提升了农业经济韧性;数字乡村建设赋能农业经济韧性的效果具有区域异质性,在西部地区的正向效应更显著;数字乡村建设赋能农业经济韧性的效果具有门槛效应,并且其赋能效果呈递减趋势。

基于SPI-RRV指数中国气象干旱及其风险时空演变特征研究

为全面揭示变化环境下我国多维气象干旱特征,耦合气象干旱指数(SPI)和可靠性-回弹性-脆弱性(RRV)指数,提出了一种基于SPI-RRV指数的干旱风险评价方法,定量评价了中国气象干旱及其风险的时空演变特征。结果表明:SPI-RRV指数具有特征稳定和时空可比性强的特点,能够较为准确地评估气象干旱风险时空演变特征;南方平均干旱栅格比、干旱月占比和频次大于北方,湿润区和半湿润区干旱历时短、烈度大,半干旱区和干旱区干旱历时长、烈度相对较小;干旱高风险区转移具有显著年代际变化规律,空间上从西北向西南地区转移。

弹性电网关键技术研究的进展与展望

现代电网发展日益复杂、新的供电威胁与日俱增,特别是在处于大量新能源系统并网发电的发展潮流中,传统的电力系统在遭遇突发冲击或扰动时会显得格外脆弱,已不能满足用户或电力企业愈发严格的用电质量要求。为了使电网在小概率-高损失的事件中仍能保持基本的运行功能,具备抵御性、适应性以及快速恢复能力的“弹性电网”得到了众多学者的青睐,其可有效提高系统的弹性恢复力,增强系统的抗灾抗扰动能力,进而提高系统的整体运营能力。着眼于弹性电网的优化策略,基于弹性恢复力理论阐述了弹性电网的基本架构,根据系统弹性提升的方法分析了发展弹性电网所用到的关键技术,从传统电网到未来电网的演化过程中展望了弹性电网的发展趋势。