Dynamic Characteristics of Multi-degrees of Freedom System Rotor-bearing System with Coupling Faults of Rub-impact and Crack

Extensive studies on rotor systems with single or coupled multiple faults have been carried out. However these studies are limited to single-span rotor systems. A finite element model for a complex rotor-bearing system with coupled faults is presented. The dynamic responses of the rotor-bearing system are obtained by using the rotor dynamics theory and the modern nonlinear dynamics theory in connection with the continuation-shooting algorithm（commonly used for obtaining a periodic solution for a nonlinear system） for a range of rub-impact clearances and crack depths. The stability and Hopf instability of the periodic motion of the rotor-bearing system with coupled faults are analyzed by using the procedure described. The results indicate that the finite element method is an effective way for determining the dynamic responses of such complex rotor-bearing systems. Further for a rotor system with rub-impact and crack faults, the influences of the clearances are significantly different for different rub-impact stiffness. On the contrary, the influence of crack depths is rather small. The instability speeds of the rotor-bearing system increase due to the presence of the crack fault. The results obtained using the new finite element model, presented for computation and analysis of dynamic responses of the rotor-bearing systems with coupled faults, are in accordance with measurements in experiment. The formulations given can be used for diagnosis of faults, vibration control, and safe and stable operations of real rotor-bearing systems.

DETECTION OF EARLY RUB-IMPACT IN ROTORS VIA HIGHER-ORDER TIME-FREQUENCY ENTROPY

Due to the calculation problem of classical methods (such as Lyapunovexponent) for chaotic behavior, a new method of identifying nonlinear dynamics with higher-ordertime-frequency entropy (HOTFE) based on time-frequency analysis and information theorem is proposed.Firstly, the meaning of HOTFE is defined, and then its validity is testified by numericalsimulation. In the end vibration data from rotors are analyzed by HOTFE. The results demonstratethat it can indeed identify the early rub-impact chaotic behavior in rotors and also is simpler tocalculate than previous methods.

INFLUENCES ON COUPLED LATERAL AND TORSION VIBRATION BEHAVIOR OF RUB-IMPACT ROTOR BY ROTOR-TO-STATOR CLEARANCE

With the establishment of the nonlinear coupled lateral and torsion vibrationequations of rub-impact Jeffcott rotor and through numerical simulations, the influences on lateraland torsion vibration behavior by rotor-to-stator clearance are analyzed, which prove that there isstrong impact on coupled lateral and torsion vibration behavior. Smaller the clearance is, morecomplex the motion of rotor is. When the clearance is larger, the frequency spectrum of rub-impactrotor is mainly composed of 1/2X, 1/3X and 1/4X components. With the decrease of clearance,quasi-periodic and chaotic motions will be present. Under different clearances, the bifurcationdiagrams of lateral and torsion vibrations can be divided into rub-free zone, rub-light zone andthree complex motion zones in which the motion trend of lateral vibration is similar to that of thetorsion vibration. Compared with the lateral vibration, the torsion vibration is of more motionforms and more abundant frequency components in amplitude spectrum.

A Rub-Impact Recognition Method Based on Improved Convolutional Neural Network

Based on the theory of modal acoustic emission(AE),when the convolutional neural network(CNN)is used to identify rotor rub-impact faults,the training data has a small sample size,and the AE sound segment belongs to a single channel signal with less pixel-level information and strong local correlation.Due to the convolutional pooling operations of CNN,coarse-grained and edge information are lost,and the top-level information dimension in CNN network is low,which can easily lead to overfitting.To solve the above problems,we first propose the use of sound spectrograms and their differential features to construct multi-channel image input features suitable for CNN and fully exploit the intrinsic characteristics of the sound spectra.Then,the traditional CNN network structure is improved,and the outputs of all convolutional layers are connected as one layer constitutes a fused feature that contains information at each layer,and is input into the network’s fully connected layer for classification and identification.Experiments indicate that the improved CNN recognition algorithm has significantly improved recognition rate compared with CNN and dynamical neural network(DNN)algorithms.

Dynamical Analysis of Rub-impact Rotor System with Asymmetric Oil Film Force

Considering the effect of non-symmetry film force, nonlinear stiffness and nonlinear friction force, a dynamical model of rub-impact rotor system is established, then the nonlinear dynamical behavior is studied by numerical analysis method. The effect of rotation speed, nonlinear stiffitess ratio and speed effect factor on brifurcation and chaotic behavior for rub-impact rotor system is comprehensively analyzed. The analysis results show that the effect of non-symmetry film force, nonlinear stiffness and nonlinear friction force on the dynamical behavior of the rotor system has close relation with rotation speed. The chaotic behavior exists in a wider parameter region, and the chaotic evolution rule is more complicated. The research provides a reliable theory basis and reference for diagnosing some faults of the rotor system.

Modal characteristics analysis for a flexible rotor with non-smooth constraint due to intermittent rub-impact

Intermittent rub-impact, during which the contact between rotor and stator is characterized by a ‘‘bouncing＂ or intermittent type of behavior, is one of the most common rubbing forms in rotating machinery. When the intermittent rub-impact occurs, the non-smooth constraint, which is the phenomenon that the system stiffness changes with respect to the state of contact and noncontact, will appear. The paper aims at discovering the possible effects of the non-smooth constraint on the flexible rotor＇s modal characteristics by theoretical and experimental methods. The qualitative description for non-smooth constraint is given for the intermittent rub-impact process, and the dynamic modeling for a rotor system with non-smooth constraint is carried out. Meanwhile, the analysis method is developed by Floquet theory and Hill＇s method to obtain the rotor＇s modal characteristics. The results reveal that the non-smooth constraint produced by the intermittent rubimpact will increase the modal frequencies and critical speeds of the rotor system significantly.Due to the time-varying features of the constraint stiffness, the modal frequencies for the intermittent rub-impact rotor present fluctuant changes with the increase of rotation speed, which is different from the general linear rotor system. The non-smooth constraint is possible to lead the rotor＇s instability, and the rotor＇s instable regions can be expanded significantly for the increase of average constraint stiffness, constraint amplitude and contact time ratio. Non-smooth constraint could also expand the resonance speed and resonance sideband of the rotor system, which sometimes results in amplitude jump phenomenon.

Modal analysis strategy and nonlinear dynamic characteristics of complicated aero-engine dual-rotor system with rub-impact

This paper aims to gain insight into the nonlinear modal characteristics and the possible influence of the modes on the responses for the practical dual-rotor system with rub-impact in aero-engine.The finite solid element method combined with a constraint stiffness model produced by rub-impact is introduced to build the governing equation of the complicated nonlinear dual-rotor system.In order to deal with the efficiency and numerical divergence in the process of solving the nonlinear modes of this large-scale nonlinear system,an analysis strategy is proposed by integrating a two-layer reduction technique into the harmonic balance method.The effectiveness of the analysis strategy is validated by applying to a simple rotor system,which can easily obtain the theoretical result.Based on the modeling method and analysis strategy,the modal characteristics of an aero-engine dual-rotor system with rub-impact are revealed.The results show that the modal frequency of the dual-rotor system increases when rub-impact occurs and has the feature of interval,which allows us to obtain the critical speeds of the rubbing system by traditional Campbell diagram.The rotation direction is an important factor since it can not only affect the gyroscopic effect but also change the friction effect of the rub-impact.It is found that the modal frequencies of the counter-rotation dual-rotor are less than those of co-rotation condition.More importantly,the forward modes of the counter-rotation dual-rotor may be instable when rub-impact occurs at a certain rotor,while the corresponding modes under the co-rotation condition are always stable.Furthermore,by analyzing the rubbing response of the dual-rotor,it is found that the modal characteristics have an important influence on rotor’s response.The instable forward modes existing in the counter-rotation dual-rotor may lead to the divergence of the response when passing the corresponding critical speed.

Bifurcation and Chaos in a Dynamical System of Rub-impact Rotor

Nonlinear vibration characteristics of a rub impact Jeffcott rotor are investigated. The system is two dimensional, nonlinear, and periodic. Fourier series analysis and the Floquet theory are used to perform qualitative global analysis of the dynamical system. The governing ordinary differential equations are also integrated using a numerical method to give the quantitative result. This preliminary study revealed the chaotic feature of the system. After the rub impact, as the rotating speed is increased three kinds of routes to chaos are found, that is, from a stable periodic motion through period doubling bifurcation, grazing bifurcation, and quasi periodic bifurcation to chaos.

双盘转子—电磁轴承系统的碰摩振动特性

转子系统的非线性振动是工程实际中的复杂问题,尤其转子系统碰摩振动的强非线性动力学特性,诱发倍周期分岔、hopf分岔及混沌等复杂现象。建立一类考虑碰摩故障的主动电磁轴承支撑双盘转子系统的力学模型,基于非线性动力学和转子动力学理论,采用多目标协同、多参数耦合仿真分析,运用变步长4阶Runge-Kutta法数值计算,通过获得的转子系统周期分岔图、碰摩分岔图、轴心轨迹图、Poincaré映射图、最大碰摩力及碰摩占空比曲线图,揭示了转子系统的非线性动态响应。同时研究复杂转子系统的碰摩振动特性与结构参数的关联关系。计算结果表明,系统的间隙阈值越小且转速越低条件下的周期碰摩振动越具复杂性和多样性,且系统因碰摩故障引发的最大碰摩力及碰摩占空比曲线峰值也较高。系统的定子刚度比越大,其表现出的各类周期碰摩振动的振动幅值和冲击速度越高;最大碰摩力越大。系统的偏心比值越大,系统的周期碰摩振动模式类型越多样化且混沌窗口越多;系统的各类周期碰摩振动产生的最大碰摩力和碰摩占空比也越高。同时,进一步分析了基本周期振动、亚谐振动、概周期振动和混沌的发生区域及转迁规律。研究结果可以有效地为该类转子系统动态匹配设计、大数据诊断与协同优化提供实际指导意义。

考虑“筒中筒”耦合作用的深水隔水管柱与钻柱碰摩运动规律

深水钻井时,旋转钻柱与海洋环境力作用下发生振动的隔水管柱易发生接触,造成钻柱与隔水管柱的碰撞或者摩擦。为了解隔水管柱与钻柱间的运动状态,减轻两者间碰摩,保证作业安全性,提出了一种模拟深水隔水管柱-钻柱组成的“筒中筒”耦合系统模型,通过分析二者间的位移与接触力,实现海洋深水钻井作业时隔水管柱与钻柱的耦合动力学模拟的建立。模拟结果表明,考虑隔水管柱与钻柱接触的情况下,海流作用和涡激作用对钻柱的动力学特征具有较大影响;海流速度增加,隔水管柱弯曲程度变大,隔水管柱的振动特征会限制钻柱运动;井口转速增加对钻柱的涡动特征影响小,但会增大钻柱与隔水管柱内壁的接触力,增大钻柱与隔水管柱的失效风险。该理论为海洋深水钻井摩阻分析提供了新的借鉴。

轴流泵在叶轮和泵壳间隙不足情况下运行的碰磨振动特性研究

为提高水泵碰磨故障的诊断效率,以轴流泵在叶轮和泵壳间隙不足情况下运行的碰磨振动特性为研究对象,根据轴流泵发生碰磨时的受力情况,分析了其受到离心力、水体对叶轮的反作用力、碰撞摩擦力和各种激励外力的作用下产生的异常振动的振动特性,并用数值模拟和模型试验加以验证。得出了叶轮和泵壳间隙不足时,轴流泵的碰磨振动特性主要表现在频谱图中各整数倍频较为突出,奇数倍频和叶频的整数倍频相对其他频率更为突出,存在杂频和高频成分,当碰磨较为严重时,可以看到1/2倍频等分频成分等结论。研究成果在水泵振动特性研究和泵站故障诊断方面有一定的指导意义。

基于轻量级卷积神经网络的转子碰摩故障诊断

随着非平稳信号的时频故障特征表示技术的优势以及卷积神经网络(CNN)的出现,转子碰摩故障诊断已经达到了高精度。然而,基于CNN的故障诊断方法有许多缺点,提出了一种基于轻量级卷积神经网络(GHSQNet)与时频图相结合的转子碰摩故障诊断方法。该方法能够在保证故障诊断精度的同时占用更小的内存。实验结果表明,与其他轻量级卷积神经网络相比,提出的模型性能表现更加优越。识别准确率达到了99.39%,而模型大小只有1.07 MB,在移动端有很高的实用价值。

高速湿式离合器摩擦片表面微织构优化设计

湿式离合器是车辆传动系统核心元件,在高速分离状态下易出现摩擦片和钢片之间的碰撞摩擦,由此引起离合器带排转矩的急剧增大,影响其传动效率和可靠性。因此,本文以降低离合器高速段碰摩带排转矩为目标,对摩擦片表面微织构进行了优化设计。首先提出了摩擦片表面任意微织构形线参数化建模方法;然后选取了微织构的数量、深度、周向占比、径向占比和形线参数,构建了微织构优化的设计变量、约束条件和优化目标函数,通过将试验设计、模拟近似模型和搜索寻优相结合,建立了摩擦片表面微织构优化设计模型;最后进行了微织构优化前后的带排转矩对比试验。结果表明优化后的微织构可显著降低高速段碰摩带排转矩,并大幅推迟摩擦副高速碰摩现象出现的线速度。

空载湿式离合器临界碰摩转速影响机理分析

定义空载湿式离合器摩擦片/钢片的周期无量纲轴向位移范围λ,根据其值确定湿式离合器的临界碰摩转速。通过分析润滑油温度、供油流量、摩擦副间隙与特征量λ变化趋势的关系,得到工况参数对湿式离合器临界碰摩转速的影响规律。从力学角度出发,分析流场刚度和阻尼的变化规律,探寻摩擦片/钢片三自由度运动的影响因素,在此基础上提出流场临界刚度和临界阻尼的概念,揭示湿式离合器工况参数对其临界碰摩转速的影响机理,并进行了试验验证。研究结果表明:润滑油温度升高或摩擦副间隙增大会导致流场中的交叉刚度系数和交叉阻尼系数变大,湿式离合器的临界碰摩转速降低;供油流量增大会导致流场中的交叉刚度系数和交叉阻尼系数减小,湿式离合器的临界碰摩转速升高。

轴承不对中-碰摩耦合故障下双转子系统非线性振动特性分析

为揭示因轴承不对中导致的故障转子系统振动特性,基于坐标变换关系,推导了轴承不对中下转子偏转位移表达式。在此基础上,建立了综合考虑碰摩力、油膜力等外激励影响下双盘转子轴承不对中-碰摩耦合故障系统动力学模型,采用数值方法研究了转速及质量偏心对系统动态特性的影响。结果表明,轴承不对中故障会增加系统碰摩发生可能性、恶化轴系振动并加大系统非稳态运动范围。虽然不对中量的加入可在一定程度上延缓系统因参数变化引起的失稳运动,但据此产生的振幅增加与系统安全运行目标相悖,故应采取必要措施对轴承不对中故障加以控制。相关结论可为转子-轴承系统振动状态识别及稳定性分析提供有益借鉴。

直升机超临界尾传动轴干摩擦阻尼器碰摩响应边界特性分析

为最大化提高直升机功重比,越来越多的直升机设计中应用了超临界尾传动系统,这一系统会导致跨临界振动的产生。安装干摩擦阻尼器是一种常见的抑制直升机尾传动轴跨临界剧烈振动的方法。以某装有干摩擦阻尼器的尾传动轴为研究对象,建立控制方程,并分析系统在传动轴偏心激励下各类碰摩响应的边界特性。建立传动轴/阻尼器系统的非线性控制方程;依据扫频获得系统典型碰摩响应特征,使用解析法针对无碰摩响应求解碰摩发生边界,并对同频全周碰摩响应求解其稳定性条件的边界;通过Runge-Kutta法验证了所推导的响应边界,并探讨了响应边界与系统参数的影响关系。

一种含特殊限位器的柔性连接转子碰摩响应研究

以一种柔性连接两节式转子-限位器系统为研究对象,利用拉格朗日方法建立考虑陀螺效应的转子系统动力学方程,采用Hooke接触模型及Coulomb碰撞模型,描述变刚度限位器与转子的相互作用,并利用数值方法求解碰摩响应,分析了不同碰摩刚度与摩擦系数下的碰摩行为,引入碰摩稳定域概念,并计算了碰摩稳定域曲线,开展了不同激励强度下的碰摩试验,与理论分析情况进行对比。研究结果表明:转子碰摩响应存在有限次碰摩后恢复稳定、拟周期运动、同步全周碰摩三种典型碰摩行为;摩擦力是导致转子失稳的关键因素,限位器碰摩刚度存在最优区间;限位器碰摩模型可为工程设计提供参考。

冲击作用下燃机转子系统振动特性及碰摩故障分析

以舰船燃气轮机转子—机匣系统为研究对象,采用有限元思想,考虑基础冲击激励对转子部件的作用,建立了冲击激励下燃机多转子系统的动力学模型,进行了冲击激励影响下的转子—机匣碰摩故障的模拟。根据所建模型,分析了各转子以及轴承支撑在冲击载荷作用下的响应,获得了冲击能量沿“基础—支撑结构—机匣—转子系统”的传递规律。该方法可为燃机转子系统设计和运行状态监测提供理论参考。

某型航空发动机双转子系统碰摩分析及挠度抑制方法研究

针对航空发动机的碰摩故障,建立某型航空发动机转子系统三维有限元模型,进行临界转速计算、低压转子瞬态响应和双转子系统碰摩风险分析;进行双转子系统碰摩响应计算,得出双转子系统碰摩工况和位置识别;采用限位轴承进行挠度抑制。结果表明:双转子系统碰摩工况与位置符合低压转子瞬态响应与临界特性,低压转子的2、3阶临界特性受到了抑制。

考虑重型刮板输送机安全运行的圆环链损伤机制研究

为探究刮板输送机圆环链损伤特征,针对不同的损伤模式,构建圆环链滑蹭磨损和振动冲击损伤的数学模型。通过采用有限元分析软件模拟仿真分析链环-中部槽、链环间滑蹭损伤以及圆环链传动过程的振动冲击损伤,探究圆环链损伤特征。研究结果表明:链环-中部槽滑蹭损伤模拟仿真下,链环底部受力最大为65.92 MPa,最大的磨损深度为0.55 mm;链环-链环滑蹭损伤模拟仿真下,链环链窝处受力最大为164.8 MPa;链环振动冲击损伤模拟仿真下,链环所受最大应力值从39.11 MPa逐渐升高至52.61 MPa。