The Nei's improved genetic distance(DA)and gene flow(Nm)were measured using sixteen microsatellite markers.Dendograms based on DA genetic distance using the neighbor-joining(NJ)method and STRUCTURE program were co...The Nei's improved genetic distance(DA)and gene flow(Nm)were measured using sixteen microsatellite markers.Dendograms based on DA genetic distance using the neighbor-joining(NJ)method and STRUCTURE program were constructed to analyze the genetic structure and relationship among 10 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds.The results showed that dendograms of DA genetic distance using the NJ method divided the 10 chicken breeds into two main clusters;one consisted of breeds of low weight body(CHA,TTB,XIA,GUS and BAI),the other contained heavier breeds(LAN,DAG,YOU,XIS and LUY).In the lighter breeds,TIB and CHA clustered together,as did XIA and GUS.In the heavier breeds,XIS and LUY was clustered together in one branch,but LAN,DAG and YOU clustered in independent branches.The results were consistent with Nm estimates among the 10 indigenous chicken breeds.The STRUCTURE program properly inferred the presence of genetic structure despite not pre-defining the origin of individuals.The genetic cluster inferred by STRUCTURE was basically the same as that from the DA distance clustering method.An advantage of the STRUCTURE program was its ability to identify the migrants and admixed individuals in the 10 chicken populations;this could not be achieved by use of the DA distance clustering method.展开更多
A class of pseudo distances is used to derive test statistics using transformed data or spacings for testing goodness-of-fit for parametric models. These statistics can be considered as density based statistics and ex...A class of pseudo distances is used to derive test statistics using transformed data or spacings for testing goodness-of-fit for parametric models. These statistics can be considered as density based statistics and expressible as simple functions of spacings. It is known that when the null hypothesis is simple, the statistics follow asymptotic normal distributions without unknown parameters. In this paper we emphasize results for the null composite hypothesis: the parameters can be estimated by a generalized spacing method (GSP) first which is equivalent to minimize a pseudo distance from the class which is considered;subsequently the estimated parameters are used to replace the parameters in the pseudo distance used for estimation;goodness-of-fit statistics for the composite hypothesis can be constructed and shown to have again an asymptotic normal distribution without unknown parameters. Since these statistics are related to a discrepancy measure, these tests can be shown to be consistent in general. Furthermore, due to the simplicity of these statistics and they come a no extra cost after fitting the model, they can be considered as alternative statistics to chi-square statistics which require a choice of intervals and statistics based on empirical distribution (EDF) using the original data with a complicated null distribution which might depend on the parametric family being considered and also might depend on the vector of true parameters but EDF tests might be more powerful against some specific models which are specified by the alternative hypothesis.展开更多
针对多属性决策存在的复杂性和不确定性问题,提出基于区间二型模糊平均解距离法(evaluation based on distance from average solution,EDAS)的多属性决策方法。采用区间二型模糊集合(interval type-2 fuzzy sets,IT2FS)表达评价信息解...针对多属性决策存在的复杂性和不确定性问题,提出基于区间二型模糊平均解距离法(evaluation based on distance from average solution,EDAS)的多属性决策方法。采用区间二型模糊集合(interval type-2 fuzzy sets,IT2FS)表达评价信息解决专家的偏好信息存在个体化差异问题,并纳入EDAS对备选方案进行排序。以区间二型模糊数表达评价信息构建决策矩阵,以计算得到的综合评价值的去模糊化结果作为最终的方案排序依据。针对EDAS中属性权重需要从外部获取的问题,采用区间二型模糊集合改进的最优最劣法(best-worst method,BWM)确定属性权重。最后,以某汽车制造企业选购新能源汽车云服务方案为例,验证所提方法的有效性。展开更多
在虚拟参考站(VRS)技术中,参考站与流动站间的高程差异会引起对流层误差改正数中存在系统偏差影响,使对流层改正精度降低。在常规网络内插改正模型的基础上,借助先验对流层模型,提出了一种能自主修正高程偏差的距离相关对流层网络内插模...在虚拟参考站(VRS)技术中,参考站与流动站间的高程差异会引起对流层误差改正数中存在系统偏差影响,使对流层改正精度降低。在常规网络内插改正模型的基础上,借助先验对流层模型,提出了一种能自主修正高程偏差的距离相关对流层网络内插模型(MHDIM)。基于四川GPS连续运行参考站网络(Sichuan GPS Reference Station Network-SGRSN)实际测试数据的分析表明,对于地形变化较大的中长距离稀疏GPS/VRS参考站网络(如流动站与参考站间高程差异大于500m),应用MHDIM模型可使对流层延迟误差改正精度提高到2到3cm并实现cm级网络RTK定位结果,适用于GPS/VRS参考站网络cm级实时动态定位要求。展开更多
考虑到镍基定向凝固合金滑移相关的塑性流动和裂纹萌生机制,视其面心立方晶体结构中可能开动的滑移系为临界平面并以最大分切应变范围(?γmax)为损伤参数,分别采用热点法和临界距离理论(Theory of critical distance,TCD)对DZ125的低循...考虑到镍基定向凝固合金滑移相关的塑性流动和裂纹萌生机制,视其面心立方晶体结构中可能开动的滑移系为临界平面并以最大分切应变范围(?γmax)为损伤参数,分别采用热点法和临界距离理论(Theory of critical distance,TCD)对DZ125的低循环疲劳寿命进行分析和预测。研究结果表明,基于热点法的临界平面法其寿命预测偏保守,且应力集中程度越大其保守程度越明显;运用TCD时发现,缺口试件的临界距离不仅同材料、失效寿命以及应力比有关,同应力集中程度亦相关。如果以尖锐缺口试件为校准试样或采用平均思想处理临界距离,其寿命分散带均大于10倍。而假定临界距离同应力集中程度相关时获得的寿命预测分散带缩小为2倍。展开更多
基金supported by the Program of National Technological Basis from Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2005DKA21101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30700572)
文摘The Nei's improved genetic distance(DA)and gene flow(Nm)were measured using sixteen microsatellite markers.Dendograms based on DA genetic distance using the neighbor-joining(NJ)method and STRUCTURE program were constructed to analyze the genetic structure and relationship among 10 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds.The results showed that dendograms of DA genetic distance using the NJ method divided the 10 chicken breeds into two main clusters;one consisted of breeds of low weight body(CHA,TTB,XIA,GUS and BAI),the other contained heavier breeds(LAN,DAG,YOU,XIS and LUY).In the lighter breeds,TIB and CHA clustered together,as did XIA and GUS.In the heavier breeds,XIS and LUY was clustered together in one branch,but LAN,DAG and YOU clustered in independent branches.The results were consistent with Nm estimates among the 10 indigenous chicken breeds.The STRUCTURE program properly inferred the presence of genetic structure despite not pre-defining the origin of individuals.The genetic cluster inferred by STRUCTURE was basically the same as that from the DA distance clustering method.An advantage of the STRUCTURE program was its ability to identify the migrants and admixed individuals in the 10 chicken populations;this could not be achieved by use of the DA distance clustering method.
文摘A class of pseudo distances is used to derive test statistics using transformed data or spacings for testing goodness-of-fit for parametric models. These statistics can be considered as density based statistics and expressible as simple functions of spacings. It is known that when the null hypothesis is simple, the statistics follow asymptotic normal distributions without unknown parameters. In this paper we emphasize results for the null composite hypothesis: the parameters can be estimated by a generalized spacing method (GSP) first which is equivalent to minimize a pseudo distance from the class which is considered;subsequently the estimated parameters are used to replace the parameters in the pseudo distance used for estimation;goodness-of-fit statistics for the composite hypothesis can be constructed and shown to have again an asymptotic normal distribution without unknown parameters. Since these statistics are related to a discrepancy measure, these tests can be shown to be consistent in general. Furthermore, due to the simplicity of these statistics and they come a no extra cost after fitting the model, they can be considered as alternative statistics to chi-square statistics which require a choice of intervals and statistics based on empirical distribution (EDF) using the original data with a complicated null distribution which might depend on the parametric family being considered and also might depend on the vector of true parameters but EDF tests might be more powerful against some specific models which are specified by the alternative hypothesis.
文摘针对多属性决策存在的复杂性和不确定性问题,提出基于区间二型模糊平均解距离法(evaluation based on distance from average solution,EDAS)的多属性决策方法。采用区间二型模糊集合(interval type-2 fuzzy sets,IT2FS)表达评价信息解决专家的偏好信息存在个体化差异问题,并纳入EDAS对备选方案进行排序。以区间二型模糊数表达评价信息构建决策矩阵,以计算得到的综合评价值的去模糊化结果作为最终的方案排序依据。针对EDAS中属性权重需要从外部获取的问题,采用区间二型模糊集合改进的最优最劣法(best-worst method,BWM)确定属性权重。最后,以某汽车制造企业选购新能源汽车云服务方案为例,验证所提方法的有效性。
文摘在虚拟参考站(VRS)技术中,参考站与流动站间的高程差异会引起对流层误差改正数中存在系统偏差影响,使对流层改正精度降低。在常规网络内插改正模型的基础上,借助先验对流层模型,提出了一种能自主修正高程偏差的距离相关对流层网络内插模型(MHDIM)。基于四川GPS连续运行参考站网络(Sichuan GPS Reference Station Network-SGRSN)实际测试数据的分析表明,对于地形变化较大的中长距离稀疏GPS/VRS参考站网络(如流动站与参考站间高程差异大于500m),应用MHDIM模型可使对流层延迟误差改正精度提高到2到3cm并实现cm级网络RTK定位结果,适用于GPS/VRS参考站网络cm级实时动态定位要求。
文摘考虑到镍基定向凝固合金滑移相关的塑性流动和裂纹萌生机制,视其面心立方晶体结构中可能开动的滑移系为临界平面并以最大分切应变范围(?γmax)为损伤参数,分别采用热点法和临界距离理论(Theory of critical distance,TCD)对DZ125的低循环疲劳寿命进行分析和预测。研究结果表明,基于热点法的临界平面法其寿命预测偏保守,且应力集中程度越大其保守程度越明显;运用TCD时发现,缺口试件的临界距离不仅同材料、失效寿命以及应力比有关,同应力集中程度亦相关。如果以尖锐缺口试件为校准试样或采用平均思想处理临界距离,其寿命分散带均大于10倍。而假定临界距离同应力集中程度相关时获得的寿命预测分散带缩小为2倍。
