Effects of Spores and Crude Toxins of Helminthosporium gramineum Rabenh f.sp.echinochloae on the Activity of Defensive Enzymes in Barnyardgrass

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effects of spores and crude toxins of Helminthosporium gramineum Rabenh f. sp. echinochloae（HGE） on the ac- tivity of defensive enzymes of barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli （L.） Beauv.]. [Method] The effects of spores and crude toxins of HGE, as well as the mixture of spores and crude toxins on the activity of defensive enzymes in barnyardgrass were determined under laboratory conditions. [Result] Spores and crude toxins of HGE had varying degrees of effects on PAL and POD activity, and no obvious effect on SOD activity in barnyardgrass. In addition, spores and toxins had some similar im- pacts on the defensive enzymes in barnyardgrass. [Conclusion] Since toxins have similar effects on the hosts as spores of fungal pathogen do, they can be a substi- tute for the fungal pathogen in studying the partial pathogenic mechanism of this pathogen due to its complexity in pathogenic process.

禾长蠕孢菌稗草专化型固体发酵产孢培养基及其工艺条件的研究

禾长蠕孢菌稗草专化型(Helminthosporium gramineum Rabenh. f. sp. echinochloae,HGE)是一株稗草生防潜力菌,为了获得该生防菌大量孢子用于田间试验,本文研究了其固体发酵产孢最佳培养基配方及其培养条件。通过试验筛选确定了固体发酵培养基所需碳源及其浓度、氮源及其浓度以及底物基质,适合HGE菌孢子生产的培养基最佳组合为:以珍珠岩为底物基质,在其中添加4%米粉、1%豆粕粉、0.2%Na3PO4.12H2O、0.1%MgSO4.7H2O。同时确定了适合HGE菌孢子生产的培养条件:培养基最适含水量为40%,最佳接菌量为8%菌悬液,25℃静置培养11 d,培养期间用黑光灯12 h循环光照。按优化后培养条件放大培养HGE菌,获得最高产孢量可以达到1.5×107孢子·克-1干物质。温室生测结果显示优化条件生产的HGE菌孢子对稗草防效可达80%以上。

禾长蠕孢菌孢子及粗毒素对稗草防御酶系活性的影响

[目的]探讨禾长蠕孢菌(HGE)孢子及其代谢产物粗毒素对稗草主要防御酶系活性的影响。[方法]在室内条件下测定了HGE孢子及其粗毒素对稗草防御酶系[苯丙氨酸解氨酸(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)]活性的影响。[结果]HGE孢子、粗毒素及二者混合处理稗草后,不同程度地影响了稗草PAL、POD的活性,对SOD活性无明显影响,并且孢子和毒素对稗草防御酶系的影响具有相似性。[结论]病原真菌孢子和毒素对寄主的作用具有一定的相似性,基于病原菌致病过程的复杂性,毒素可以替代病原菌研究其部分致病性作用机理。