Thousands of years ago,the Jews were forced to leave their homeland and began to live an exiled life and gradually melted into other neighboring peoples.However,they were not welcomed by others.For thousands of years,...Thousands of years ago,the Jews were forced to leave their homeland and began to live an exiled life and gradually melted into other neighboring peoples.However,they were not welcomed by others.For thousands of years,Jews' "Bible" has become a source of literary and artistic creation,but the image of Jews were excluded from the literary and artistic creation,even if there were some occasions,they were but described as autistic Misers or loan shark.Shakespeare is one of the most outstanding writers;he described many people from all walks of life in his works,the Jews,also included.Based on the corpus of Shakespeare's works,we can see that most adjectives used by Shakespeare to modify the word "Jew"are derogative words.Therefore,we can prove that anti-Semitism does exist in Shakespeare's works.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic liver disease is associated with various neuropsychiatric conditions.There are currently no large studies assessing and comparing the prevalence of psy-chiatric illnesses based on patient profiles a...BACKGROUND Chronic liver disease is associated with various neuropsychiatric conditions.There are currently no large studies assessing and comparing the prevalence of psy-chiatric illnesses based on patient profiles and the etiology of cirrhosis.AIM To examine the trends of hospitalizations among psychiatric conditions in cirrhosis.METHODS We used the National Inpatient Sample database 2016-2019 for the primary diagnosis of liver cirrhosis.The outcomes included the prevalence,trends,and associations of psychiatric diagnoses in these hospitalizations.Chi-square for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon rank test for continuous variables were utilized.RESULTS The prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)in liver cirrhosis hospitalizations increased from 0.17%in 2009 to 0.92%in 2019(P<0.001).The prevalence of depression increased from 7%in 2009 to 12%in 2019(P<0.001).Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)prevalence increased from 0.06%to 0.24%.The prevalence of schizophrenia increased from 0.59%to 0.87%(P<0.001).Schizoaffective disorder prevalence increased from 0.10%to 0.35%(P<0.001).Posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)prevalence displayed increasing trends from 0.36%in 2009 to 0.93%in 2019(P<0.001).The prevalence of suicidal ideation increased from 0.23%to 0.56%in 2019.Cirrhosis related to alcoholic liver disease[adjusted odds ratios(aOR)1.18,95%CI 1.08-1.29,P<0.001]and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)(aOR 1.14,95%CI 1.01-1.28,P=0.025)was associated with depression more than other causes.Alcohol-and NAFLD-associated cirrhosis had a stronger link to psychiatric disorders.Females had a higher association with GAD(aOR 2.56,95%CI 2.14-3.06,P<0.001),depression(aOR 1.78,95%CI 1.71-1.84,P<0.001),bipolar disorder(aOR 1.64,95%CI 1.52-1.77,P<0.001]and chronic fatigue(aOR 2.31,95%CI 1.31-4.07,P<0.001)when compared to males.Blacks,Hispanics,and Asian/Native Americans had a significantly lower association with GAD,depression,bipolar disorder,PTSD,and ADHD when compared to the white race.CONCLUSION The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in liver cirrhosis hospitalizations has increased over the last decade.Females had a higher association with psychiatric disorders compared to males.Blacks,Hispanics,and Asian/Native Americans had lower associations with psychiatric comorbidities compared to the white race.展开更多
Malicious attacks against data are unavoidable in the interconnected,open and shared Energy Internet(EI),Intrusion tolerant techniques are critical to the data security of EI.Existing intrusion tolerant techniques suf...Malicious attacks against data are unavoidable in the interconnected,open and shared Energy Internet(EI),Intrusion tolerant techniques are critical to the data security of EI.Existing intrusion tolerant techniques suffered from problems such as low adaptability,policy lag,and difficulty in determining the degree of tolerance.To address these issues,we propose a novel adaptive intrusion tolerance model based on game theory that enjoys two-fold ideas:(1)it constructs an improved replica of the intrusion tolerance model of the dynamic equation evolution game to induce incentive weights;and (2)it combines a tournament competition model with incentive weights to obtain optimal strategies for each stage of the game process.Extensive experiments are conducted in the IEEE 39-bus system,whose results demonstrate the feasibility of the incentive weights,confirm the proposed strategy strengthens the system’s ability to tolerate aggression,and improves the dynamic adaptability and response efficiency of the aggression-tolerant system in the case of limited resources.展开更多
BACKGROUND Most studies have defined economic well-being as socioeconomic status,with little attention given to whether other indicators influence self-esteem.Little is known about racial/ethnic disparities in the rel...BACKGROUND Most studies have defined economic well-being as socioeconomic status,with little attention given to whether other indicators influence self-esteem.Little is known about racial/ethnic disparities in the relationship between economic wellbeing and self-esteem during adulthood.AIM To explore the impact of economic well-being on self-esteem in adulthood and differences in the association across race/ethnicity.METHODS The current study used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979.The final sample consisted of 2267 African Americans,1425 Hispanics,and 3678 non-Hispanic Whites.Ordinary linear regression analyses and logistic regression analyses were conducted.RESULTS African Americans and Hispanics were more likely to be in poverty in comparison with non-Hispanic Whites.More African Americans were unemployed than Whites.Those who received fringe benefits,were more satisfied with jobs,and were employed were more likely to have higher levels of self-esteem.Poverty was negatively associated with self-esteem.Interaction effects were found between African Americans and job satisfaction predicting self-esteem.CONCLUSION The role of employers is important in cultivating employees’self-esteem.Satisfactory outcomes or feelings of happiness from the workplace may be more important to non-Hispanic Whites compared to African Americans and Hispanics.展开更多
This work argues that Denmark Vesey,Nat Turner,Gabriel Prosser,David Walker,Henry Highland Garnet,amongst a few others were the reactionary(dialectical)exceptions to the black church,not the norm,an(ideological)instit...This work argues that Denmark Vesey,Nat Turner,Gabriel Prosser,David Walker,Henry Highland Garnet,amongst a few others were the reactionary(dialectical)exceptions to the black church,not the norm,an(ideological)institution established to interpellate and indoctrinate blacks to accept their conditions in slavery.In other words,the aforementioned were the enslaved who used Christian dogma to(negative dialectically)respond to the barbarity of slavery by violently convicting white Christian society for not living up to its values,ideas,and ideals given the treatment of African people by so-called Christians.In the latter sense it was reactionary;in the former,it was an ideological apparatus of domination and control for the institution of slavery.The contemporary attempt to racially vindicate the black church as a sui generis revolutionary institution overflowing with Africanisms is ahistorical and ideological reaped in pseudoscientific propositions stemming from postmodern and post-structural theories.展开更多
This paper delves into the intricate interplay between artificial intelligence(AI)systems and the perpetuation of Anti-Black racism within the United States medical industry.Despite the promising potential of AI to en...This paper delves into the intricate interplay between artificial intelligence(AI)systems and the perpetuation of Anti-Black racism within the United States medical industry.Despite the promising potential of AI to enhance healthcare outcomes and reduce disparities,there is a growing concern that these technologies may inadvertently/advertently exacerbate existing racial inequalities.Focusing specifically on the experiences of Black patients,this research investigates how the following AI components:medical algorithms,machine learning,and natural learning processes are contributing to the unequal distribution of medical resources,diagnosis,and health care treatment of those classified as Black.Furthermore,this review employs a multidisciplinary approach,combining insights from computer science,medical ethics,and social justice theory to analyze the mechanisms through which AI systems may encode and reinforce racial biases.By dissecting the three primary components of AI,this paper aims to present a clear understanding of how these technologies work,how they intersect,and how they may inherently perpetuate harmful stereotypes resulting in negligent outcomes for Black patients.Furthermore,this paper explores the ethical implications of deploying AI in healthcare settings and calls for increased transparency,accountability,and diversity in the development and implementation of these technologies.Finally,it is important that I prefer the following paper with a clear and concise definition of what I refer to as Anti-Black racism throughout the text.Therefore,I assert the following:Anti-Black racism refers to prejudice,discrimination,or antagonism directed against individuals or communities of African descent based on their race.It involves the belief in the inherent superiority of one race over another and the systemic and institutional practices that perpetuate inequality and disadvantage for Black people.Furthermore,I proclaim that this form of racism can be manifested in various ways,such as unequal access to opportunities,resources,education,employment,and fair treatment within social,economic,and political systems.It is also pertinent to acknowledge that Anti-Black racism is deeply rooted in historical and societal structures throughout the U.S.borders and beyond,leading to systemic disadvantages and disparities that impact the well-being and life chances of Black individuals and communities.Addressing Anti-Black racism involves recognizing and challenging both individual attitudes and systemic structures that contribute to discrimination and inequality.Efforts to combat Anti-Black racism include promoting awareness,education,advocacy for policy changes,and fostering a culture of inclusivity and equality.展开更多
文摘Thousands of years ago,the Jews were forced to leave their homeland and began to live an exiled life and gradually melted into other neighboring peoples.However,they were not welcomed by others.For thousands of years,Jews' "Bible" has become a source of literary and artistic creation,but the image of Jews were excluded from the literary and artistic creation,even if there were some occasions,they were but described as autistic Misers or loan shark.Shakespeare is one of the most outstanding writers;he described many people from all walks of life in his works,the Jews,also included.Based on the corpus of Shakespeare's works,we can see that most adjectives used by Shakespeare to modify the word "Jew"are derogative words.Therefore,we can prove that anti-Semitism does exist in Shakespeare's works.
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic liver disease is associated with various neuropsychiatric conditions.There are currently no large studies assessing and comparing the prevalence of psy-chiatric illnesses based on patient profiles and the etiology of cirrhosis.AIM To examine the trends of hospitalizations among psychiatric conditions in cirrhosis.METHODS We used the National Inpatient Sample database 2016-2019 for the primary diagnosis of liver cirrhosis.The outcomes included the prevalence,trends,and associations of psychiatric diagnoses in these hospitalizations.Chi-square for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon rank test for continuous variables were utilized.RESULTS The prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)in liver cirrhosis hospitalizations increased from 0.17%in 2009 to 0.92%in 2019(P<0.001).The prevalence of depression increased from 7%in 2009 to 12%in 2019(P<0.001).Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)prevalence increased from 0.06%to 0.24%.The prevalence of schizophrenia increased from 0.59%to 0.87%(P<0.001).Schizoaffective disorder prevalence increased from 0.10%to 0.35%(P<0.001).Posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)prevalence displayed increasing trends from 0.36%in 2009 to 0.93%in 2019(P<0.001).The prevalence of suicidal ideation increased from 0.23%to 0.56%in 2019.Cirrhosis related to alcoholic liver disease[adjusted odds ratios(aOR)1.18,95%CI 1.08-1.29,P<0.001]and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)(aOR 1.14,95%CI 1.01-1.28,P=0.025)was associated with depression more than other causes.Alcohol-and NAFLD-associated cirrhosis had a stronger link to psychiatric disorders.Females had a higher association with GAD(aOR 2.56,95%CI 2.14-3.06,P<0.001),depression(aOR 1.78,95%CI 1.71-1.84,P<0.001),bipolar disorder(aOR 1.64,95%CI 1.52-1.77,P<0.001]and chronic fatigue(aOR 2.31,95%CI 1.31-4.07,P<0.001)when compared to males.Blacks,Hispanics,and Asian/Native Americans had a significantly lower association with GAD,depression,bipolar disorder,PTSD,and ADHD when compared to the white race.CONCLUSION The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in liver cirrhosis hospitalizations has increased over the last decade.Females had a higher association with psychiatric disorders compared to males.Blacks,Hispanics,and Asian/Native Americans had lower associations with psychiatric comorbidities compared to the white race.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51977113,62293500,62293501 and 62293505).
文摘Malicious attacks against data are unavoidable in the interconnected,open and shared Energy Internet(EI),Intrusion tolerant techniques are critical to the data security of EI.Existing intrusion tolerant techniques suffered from problems such as low adaptability,policy lag,and difficulty in determining the degree of tolerance.To address these issues,we propose a novel adaptive intrusion tolerance model based on game theory that enjoys two-fold ideas:(1)it constructs an improved replica of the intrusion tolerance model of the dynamic equation evolution game to induce incentive weights;and (2)it combines a tournament competition model with incentive weights to obtain optimal strategies for each stage of the game process.Extensive experiments are conducted in the IEEE 39-bus system,whose results demonstrate the feasibility of the incentive weights,confirm the proposed strategy strengthens the system’s ability to tolerate aggression,and improves the dynamic adaptability and response efficiency of the aggression-tolerant system in the case of limited resources.
文摘BACKGROUND Most studies have defined economic well-being as socioeconomic status,with little attention given to whether other indicators influence self-esteem.Little is known about racial/ethnic disparities in the relationship between economic wellbeing and self-esteem during adulthood.AIM To explore the impact of economic well-being on self-esteem in adulthood and differences in the association across race/ethnicity.METHODS The current study used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979.The final sample consisted of 2267 African Americans,1425 Hispanics,and 3678 non-Hispanic Whites.Ordinary linear regression analyses and logistic regression analyses were conducted.RESULTS African Americans and Hispanics were more likely to be in poverty in comparison with non-Hispanic Whites.More African Americans were unemployed than Whites.Those who received fringe benefits,were more satisfied with jobs,and were employed were more likely to have higher levels of self-esteem.Poverty was negatively associated with self-esteem.Interaction effects were found between African Americans and job satisfaction predicting self-esteem.CONCLUSION The role of employers is important in cultivating employees’self-esteem.Satisfactory outcomes or feelings of happiness from the workplace may be more important to non-Hispanic Whites compared to African Americans and Hispanics.
文摘This work argues that Denmark Vesey,Nat Turner,Gabriel Prosser,David Walker,Henry Highland Garnet,amongst a few others were the reactionary(dialectical)exceptions to the black church,not the norm,an(ideological)institution established to interpellate and indoctrinate blacks to accept their conditions in slavery.In other words,the aforementioned were the enslaved who used Christian dogma to(negative dialectically)respond to the barbarity of slavery by violently convicting white Christian society for not living up to its values,ideas,and ideals given the treatment of African people by so-called Christians.In the latter sense it was reactionary;in the former,it was an ideological apparatus of domination and control for the institution of slavery.The contemporary attempt to racially vindicate the black church as a sui generis revolutionary institution overflowing with Africanisms is ahistorical and ideological reaped in pseudoscientific propositions stemming from postmodern and post-structural theories.
文摘This paper delves into the intricate interplay between artificial intelligence(AI)systems and the perpetuation of Anti-Black racism within the United States medical industry.Despite the promising potential of AI to enhance healthcare outcomes and reduce disparities,there is a growing concern that these technologies may inadvertently/advertently exacerbate existing racial inequalities.Focusing specifically on the experiences of Black patients,this research investigates how the following AI components:medical algorithms,machine learning,and natural learning processes are contributing to the unequal distribution of medical resources,diagnosis,and health care treatment of those classified as Black.Furthermore,this review employs a multidisciplinary approach,combining insights from computer science,medical ethics,and social justice theory to analyze the mechanisms through which AI systems may encode and reinforce racial biases.By dissecting the three primary components of AI,this paper aims to present a clear understanding of how these technologies work,how they intersect,and how they may inherently perpetuate harmful stereotypes resulting in negligent outcomes for Black patients.Furthermore,this paper explores the ethical implications of deploying AI in healthcare settings and calls for increased transparency,accountability,and diversity in the development and implementation of these technologies.Finally,it is important that I prefer the following paper with a clear and concise definition of what I refer to as Anti-Black racism throughout the text.Therefore,I assert the following:Anti-Black racism refers to prejudice,discrimination,or antagonism directed against individuals or communities of African descent based on their race.It involves the belief in the inherent superiority of one race over another and the systemic and institutional practices that perpetuate inequality and disadvantage for Black people.Furthermore,I proclaim that this form of racism can be manifested in various ways,such as unequal access to opportunities,resources,education,employment,and fair treatment within social,economic,and political systems.It is also pertinent to acknowledge that Anti-Black racism is deeply rooted in historical and societal structures throughout the U.S.borders and beyond,leading to systemic disadvantages and disparities that impact the well-being and life chances of Black individuals and communities.Addressing Anti-Black racism involves recognizing and challenging both individual attitudes and systemic structures that contribute to discrimination and inequality.Efforts to combat Anti-Black racism include promoting awareness,education,advocacy for policy changes,and fostering a culture of inclusivity and equality.
