Artificial neural networks(ANNs)are a core component of artificial intelligence and are frequently used in machine learning.In this report,we investigate the use of ANNs to recover the saturated signals acquired in hi...Artificial neural networks(ANNs)are a core component of artificial intelligence and are frequently used in machine learning.In this report,we investigate the use of ANNs to recover the saturated signals acquired in highenergy particle and nuclear physics experiments.The inherent properties of the detector and hardware imply that particles with relatively high energies probably often generate saturated signals.Usually,these saturated signals are discarded during data processing,and therefore,some useful information is lost.Thus,it is worth restoring the saturated signals to their normal form.The mapping from a saturated signal waveform to a normal signal waveform constitutes a regression problem.Given that the scintillator and collection usually do not form a linear system,typical regression methods such as multi-parameter fitting are not immediately applicable.One important advantage of ANNs is their capability to process nonlinear regression problems.To recover the saturated signal,three typical ANNs were tested including backpropagation(BP),simple recurrent(Elman),and generalized radial basis function(GRBF)neural networks(NNs).They represent a basic network structure,a network structure with feedback,and a network structure with a kernel function,respectively.The saturated waveforms were produced mainly by the environmental gamma in a liquid scintillation detector for the China Dark Matter Detection Experiment(CDEX).The training and test data sets consisted of 6000 and 3000 recordings of background radiation,respectively,in which saturation was simulated by truncating each waveform at 40%of the maximum signal.The results show that the GBRF-NN performed best as measured using a Chi-squared test to compare the original and reconstructed signals in the region in which saturation was simulated.A comparison of the original and reconstructed signals in this region shows that the GBRF neural network produced the best performance.This ANN demonstrates a powerful efficacy in terms of solving the saturation recovery problem.The proposed method outlines new ideas and possibilities for the recovery of saturated signals in high-energy particle and nuclear physics experiments.This study also illustrates an innovative application of machine learning in the analysis of experimental data in particle physics.展开更多
针对传统单星无源定位方法定位精度较低的问题,文中提出一种基于径向加速度精估计的单星无源定位方法来实现单星对地球表面静止宽带信号辐射源定位。在通过测量脉冲到达时间(Time of Arrival,TOA)获得径向加速度精估计的算法基础上,采...针对传统单星无源定位方法定位精度较低的问题,文中提出一种基于径向加速度精估计的单星无源定位方法来实现单星对地球表面静止宽带信号辐射源定位。在通过测量脉冲到达时间(Time of Arrival,TOA)获得径向加速度精估计的算法基础上,采用粒子群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)算法进行目标位置搜索,提高了定位精度,同时降低了计算量。分析并仿真了该方法定位误差与卫星状态参数、观测时长以及辐射源信号带宽、重频、持续时长等参数的关系。理论和仿真分析表明,该方法实现简单,计算量小,适用范围广,定位精度高。展开更多
基金supported by the ‘‘Detection of very low-flux background neutrons in China Jinping Underground Laboratory’’ project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11275134)
文摘Artificial neural networks(ANNs)are a core component of artificial intelligence and are frequently used in machine learning.In this report,we investigate the use of ANNs to recover the saturated signals acquired in highenergy particle and nuclear physics experiments.The inherent properties of the detector and hardware imply that particles with relatively high energies probably often generate saturated signals.Usually,these saturated signals are discarded during data processing,and therefore,some useful information is lost.Thus,it is worth restoring the saturated signals to their normal form.The mapping from a saturated signal waveform to a normal signal waveform constitutes a regression problem.Given that the scintillator and collection usually do not form a linear system,typical regression methods such as multi-parameter fitting are not immediately applicable.One important advantage of ANNs is their capability to process nonlinear regression problems.To recover the saturated signal,three typical ANNs were tested including backpropagation(BP),simple recurrent(Elman),and generalized radial basis function(GRBF)neural networks(NNs).They represent a basic network structure,a network structure with feedback,and a network structure with a kernel function,respectively.The saturated waveforms were produced mainly by the environmental gamma in a liquid scintillation detector for the China Dark Matter Detection Experiment(CDEX).The training and test data sets consisted of 6000 and 3000 recordings of background radiation,respectively,in which saturation was simulated by truncating each waveform at 40%of the maximum signal.The results show that the GBRF-NN performed best as measured using a Chi-squared test to compare the original and reconstructed signals in the region in which saturation was simulated.A comparison of the original and reconstructed signals in this region shows that the GBRF neural network produced the best performance.This ANN demonstrates a powerful efficacy in terms of solving the saturation recovery problem.The proposed method outlines new ideas and possibilities for the recovery of saturated signals in high-energy particle and nuclear physics experiments.This study also illustrates an innovative application of machine learning in the analysis of experimental data in particle physics.
文摘针对传统单星无源定位方法定位精度较低的问题,文中提出一种基于径向加速度精估计的单星无源定位方法来实现单星对地球表面静止宽带信号辐射源定位。在通过测量脉冲到达时间(Time of Arrival,TOA)获得径向加速度精估计的算法基础上,采用粒子群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)算法进行目标位置搜索,提高了定位精度,同时降低了计算量。分析并仿真了该方法定位误差与卫星状态参数、观测时长以及辐射源信号带宽、重频、持续时长等参数的关系。理论和仿真分析表明,该方法实现简单,计算量小,适用范围广,定位精度高。
