Relationship between intracranial pressure and neurocognitive function among older adults after radical resection of rectal cancer

BACKGROUND Older patients are prone to postoperative cognitive decline after laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery,which may be associated with increased intraoperative intracranial pressure(ICP).This study investigated the correlation between intra-operative ICP changes,as indicated by measurements of the optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD)using ultrasonography,and subsequent cognitive function to provide better patient care.AIM To evaluate changes in ICP and associated postoperative neurocognition in older adults after laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer.METHODS We included 140 patients who visited the Mianyang Central Hospital for malig-nant rectal tumors,measured their ONSDs before surgery and 30 and 60 minutes after the Trendelenburg position during surgery,and evaluated the patients’cog-nitive function 1 day before surgery and 1,4,and 7 days after surgery.The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)and confusion assessment method(CAM)scores of the patients with different ONSDs were compared at different times after surgery.RESULTS In patients with an ONSD greater than 5.00 mm(group A1),the MMSE scores at 1 day and 4 days after surgery were significantly lower than those of patients with an ONSD less than or equal to 4.00 mm(group A2)(P<0.05).The CAM scores of group A1 were significantly higher than those of group A2(P<0.05).The MMSE scores of group A1 on days 1 and 4 after surgery were significantly lower than those 1 day before and 7 days after surgery(P<0.05),while the CAM scores 1 day and 4 days after surgery were significantly higher than those 1 day before and 7 days after surgery.CONCLUSION Decline in cognitive function among older adults after the procedure may be related to intracranial hypertension during surgery.

Effects of Laparoscopic Pelvic Autonomic Nerve-Preserving Radical Resection of Rectal Cancer on Urinary and Sexual Function

Objective:To investigate and analyze the effect of laparoscopic pelvic autonomic nerve-preserving radical resection of rectal cancer on urinary and sexual function.Methods:Cases of laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer in our hospital from April 2018 to April 2023 were selected,and 60 patients who met the requirements were included as research subjects.The patients were divided into an experimental group and a reference group by a double-blind mechanism,with 30 cases in each group.The experimental group underwent laparoscopic pelvic autonomic radical resection,while the reference group underwent ordinary radical resection.The voiding function,urodynamics,sexual function,and blood indexes of the patients of both groups were compared.Results:The total incidence of voiding dysfunction in the experimental group was significantly lower than in the reference group(P<0.05).Urodynamics such as abdominal leak point pressure(ALPP),maximum urethral pressure(MUP),maximum urethral closure pressure(MUCP),and functional urethral length(FUL)in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the reference group(P<0.05).The incidences of erectile dysfunction and ejaculatory dysfunction in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the reference group(P<0.05).Before the surgery,there were no significant differences in the blood indexes such as C-reactive protein(CRP),cortisol(Cor),and pre-albumin(PA)between the two groups(P>0.05);after the operation,the blood indexes of the patients in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Laparoscopic pelvic autonomic nerve-preserving radical resection of rectal cancer has lesser effects on urinary and sexual functions.

Superior mesenteric venous thrombosis after laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer: a report of a rare case and literature review

Mesenteric venous thrombosis(MVT) is rare, but life-threatening. MVT is often characterized by occult and nonspecific signs and symptoms. Diagnosis requires a high index of clinical suspicion, and emergency surgery is necessary to optimize patient survival, especially in people aged more than 70 years. MVT is a rare but fatal complication after laparoscopic radical surgery for rectal cancer. This study reports a case of extensive intestinal ischemic infarction caused by acute MVT after laparoscopic radical surgery for rectal cancer in a 70-year-old male.

Effect of laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer on gastrointestinal hormones, visceral protein and pain stress in patients

Objective: To investigate the effects of laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer on gastrointestinal hormones, visceral protein and pain stress. Methods: A total of 96 patients with rectal cancer radical resection from January 2017 to December 2017 in our hospital, were selected as the research objects, the patients were randomly divided into the observation group (48 cases) and the control group (48 cases). The observation group received laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer, while the control group underwent open radical resection of rectal cancer. The levels of gastrin (GAS), motilin (MTL), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), transferrin (TRF), retinol binding protein (RbP), albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PRE), P substance (SP), bradykinin (BK), and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) were measured and compared in the two groups. Results: Before operation, there was no significant difference in GAS, MTL and VIP between the two groups. 1, 3, and 5 d after operation, the GAS, MTL and VIP of the two groups were significantly lower than those before operation, and the differences were statistically significant. 1, 3, and 5 d after operation, GAS of the observation group were (66.60±5.79) μmol/L, (71.95±6.16) μmol/L and (77.68±6.38) μmol/L respectively, MTL were (225.68±19.83) pg/mL, (253.76±21.42) pg/mL and (289.98±24.74) pg/mL, VIP were (1.99±0.42) μmol/L, (2.43±0.46) μmol/L, (2.80±0.51) μmol/L, respectively, which were higher than that of the control group at the same time, and the difference was statistically significant. Before operation, there was no significant difference in TRF, RbP, ALB and PRE levels in the two groups. 1, 3 and 5 d after operation, the TRF, RbP, ALB and PRE levels in the two groups were significantly lower than those before operation, and the differences were statistically significant. 1, 3 and 5 d after operation, TRF of the observation group were (1.64±0.33) ng/L, (1.44±0.30) ng/L, (1.46 ±0.32) ng/L, RbP were (19.05±3.85) mg/L, (21.83±4.26) mg/L and (24.54±4.45) mg/L respectively, and ALB were (31.49±2.54) ng/L, (28.21±2.05) ng/L and (28.43±1.99) ng/L, PRE were (0.20±0.06) ng/L, (0.16±0.05) ng/L, (0.15±0.05) ng/L, which were all higher than those in the control group at the same time, and the differences were statistically significant. Before operation, there was no significant difference in SP, BK and PGE2 between the two groups. 1, 3 and 5 d after operation, the SP, BK and PGE2 of the two groups were significantly higher than those before operation and the differences were statistically significant. 1, 3 and 5 d after operation, SP of the observation group was (7.31±0.87) μg/mL, (5.43±0.51) μg/mL and (3.10±0.24) μg/mL, BK was (9.53±0.80) μg/L, (7.81±0.79) μg/L and 6.30±0.53) pg/mL, and PGE2 were (152.42±14.80) pg/mL, (131.22±13.35) pg/mL, (117.86±11.95) pg/mL, which were all lower than those in the control group at the same time, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: Laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer can help patients recover gastrointestinal function faster and cause less pain stress.

THE FACTORS AND TREATMENT OF LOCAL RECURRENCE AFTER RADICAL RESECTION RESERVING THE ANUS IN THE PATIENTS WITH RECTAL CANCER

Of seventy-one patients with rectal cancer after radical resection retaining the anus, 15 developed local recurrence with a recurrence rate of 21.1%. Local recurrence was correlated with improper safety margin from the lower edge of cancer to the anal end. There was statistical significant difference between 3 cm or more and 2 cm or less. The local recurrence was also related to the pathologic stage, histologic differentiation and implant of free cancer cells. It is suggested that the surgical indication of saving the anus be strict and without stretching, the safety margin from the lower edge of cancer to the anal end should not be less than 2 cm in early rectal cancer and not less than 4 cm in advanced lesions. During the operation, no touching tumor technique, thorough rinsing of the peritoneal cavity and pre- or post-operative radiotherapy are important for prevention of local recurrence. Early local recurrent rectal cancer can be detected by periodic examinations.

Clinical outcome of intersphincteric resection for ultra-low rectal cancer

AIM： To analyze oncological outcome of intersphincteric resection （ISR） in ultra-low rectal cancer with intent to spare colostoma. METHODS： From 1995 to 1998, patients with a nonfixed rectal adenocarcinoma （tumor stage T2） preserving the lower margin at 1-3 cm above the dentate line without distant metastasis was enrolled （period I）. ISR was practiced in eight patients, and their postoperative followup was at least 5 years. In addition, from 1999 to 2003, another 10 patients having the same tumor location as period Ⅰ underwent ISR （period Ⅱ）. Among those, 6 patients with T3-4-staged tumor received preoperative chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS： All patients received ISR with curative intention and no postoperative mortality. In these case series at period Ⅰ, local recurrence rate was 12.5% and metastasis rate 25.0%; the S-year survival rate was 87.5% and disease-free survival rate 75.0%. There was no local recurrence or distant metastases in 10 patients with a median follow-up of 30 （range, 18-47） mo at period Ⅱ. CONCLUSION： As to ultra-low rectal cancer, intersphincteric resection could provide acceptable local control and cancerrelated survival with no permanent stoma in early-staged tumor （tumor stage T2）; more- over, preoperative concurrent chemoradiotheraw would make ISR feasible with surgical curative intent in more advanced tumors （tumor stages T3-4）.

Effects of fluid therapy combined with a preoperative glucose load regimen on postoperative recovery in patients with rectal cancer

BACKGROUND Patients with rectal cancer undergoing radical resection often have poor post-operative recovery due to preoperative fasting and water deprivation and the removal of diseased tissue,and have a high risk of complications.Therefore,it is of great significance to apply appropriate rehydration regimens to patients un-dergoing radical resection of rectal cancer during the perioperative period to improve the postoperative outcomes of patients.AIM To analyze the effects of goal-directed fluid therapy(GDFT)with a preoperative glucose load regimen on postoperative recovery and complications in patients undergoing radical resection for rectal cancer.METHODS Patients with rectal cancer who underwent radical resection(n=184)between January 2021 and December 2023 at our hospital were randomly divided into either a control group or an observation group(n=92 in each group).Both groups received a preoperative glucose load regimen,and routine fluid replacement and GDFT were additionally implements in the control and observation groups,res-pectively.The operative conditions,blood levels of lactic acid and inflammatory markers,postoperative recovery,cognitive status,hemodynamic indicators,brain oxygen metabolism,and complication rates were compared between the groups.RESULTS The colloidal fluid dosage,total infusion,and urine volume,as well as time to first exhaust,time to food intake,and postoperative length of hospital stay,were lower in the observation group(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of operation time,bleeding volume,crystalloid liquid consumption,time to tracheal extubation,complication rate,heart rate,or mean arterial pressure(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,in the ob-servation group the lactic acid level was lower immediately after the surgery(P<0.05);the Mini-Mental State Examination score was higher on postoperative day 3(P<0.05);the pulse pressure variability(PPV)was lower at 30 min after pneumoperitoneum(P<0.05),though the differences in the PPV of the two groups was not significant at the remaining time points(P>0.05);tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-6 levels were lower on postoperative day 3(P<0.05);and the left and right regional cerebral oxygen saturation was higher immediately after the surgery and 30 min after pneumoperitoneum(P<0.05).CONCLUSION GDFT combined with the preoperative glucose load regimen is a safe and effective treatment strategy for im-proving postoperative recovery and risk of complications in patients with rectal cancer undergoing radical re-section.

Advances in surgical management for locally recurrent rectal cancer: How far have we come?

Locally recurrent rectal cancer(LRRC) is a complex disease with far-reaching implications for the patient. Until recently, research was limited regarding surgical techniques that can increase the ability to perform an en bloc resection with negative margins. This has changed in recent years and therefore outcomes for these patients have improved. Novel radical techniques and adjuncts allow for more radical resections thereby improving the chance of negative resection margins and outcomes. In the past contraindications to surgery included anterior involvement of the pubic bone, sacral invasions above the level of S2/S3 and lateral pelvic wall involvement. However, current data suggests that previously unresectable cases may now be feasible with novel techniques, surgical approaches and reconstructive surgery. The publications to date have only reported small patient pools with the research conducted by highly specialised units. Moreover, the short and long-term oncological outcomes are currently under review. Therefore although surgical options for LRRC have expanded significantly, one should balance the treatment choices available against the morbidity associated with the procedure and select the right patient for it.

Low rectal cancer:Sphincter preserving techniques-selection of patients,techniques and outcomes

Low rectal cancer is traditionally treated by abdominoperineal resection. In recent years, several new techniques for the treatment of very low rectal cancer patients aiming to preserve the gastrointestinal continuity and to improve both the oncological as well as the functional outcomes, have been emerged. Literature suggest that when the intersphincteric resection is applied in T1-3 tumors located within 30-35 mm from the anal verge, is technically feasible, safe, with equal oncological outcomes compared to conventional surgery and acceptable quality of life. The Anterior Perineal Plan E for Ultra-low Anterior Resection technique, is not disrupting the sphincters, but carries a high complication rate, while the reports on the oncological and functional outcomes are limited. Transanal Endoscopic Micro Surgery(TEM) and Trans Anal Minimally Invasive Surgery(TAMIS) should represent the treatment of choice for T1 rectal tumors, with specific criteria according to the NCCN guidelines and favorable pathologic features. Alternatively to the standard conventional surgery, neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy followed by TEM or TAMIS seems promising for tumors of a local stage T1sm2-3 or T2. Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision should be performed only when a board approved protocol is available by colorectal surgeons with extensive experience in minimally invasive and transanal endoscopic surgery.

基于MRI的三维重建技术在保留盆腔自主神经的腹腔镜直肠癌D3根治术中的应用价值

目的 评估利用MRI图像三维重建直肠癌患者盆腔自主神经以及周围器官在腹腔镜直肠癌D3根治术中的应用价值。方法 将56例直肠癌患者随机分为重建组和对照组,重建组术前依照MRI三维重建结果制定手术方案,对照组按常规方式制定手术方案,比较2组术中及术后功能恢复相关指标。结果 重建的三维模型能个体化呈现患者盆腔自主神经以及周围器官分布关系。与对照组相比,重建组的手术时间缩短[(143.7±13.3)min vs.(151.5±12.1)min,P=0.040)],失血量减少[(31.3±12.1)mLvs.(39.4±11.6) mL,P=0.024)],国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)更优[(6.0±1.3)分vs.(7.9±2.6)分,P=0.003)]。此外,重建组的术后拔除尿管时间较对照组短[2.0(2.0,2.0)d vs.3.5(3.0,4.0)d,P <0.001]。结论 基于MRI的盆腔自主神经三维重建能准确呈现盆腔自主神经及器官的解剖关系,提高了D3根治术的效率和安全性,可为术者制定精细化、个性化的手术方案提供重要参考。

早期直肠癌的诊治现状与全程监测

早期直肠癌是指浸润深度局限于黏膜及黏膜下层的任意大小的直肠上皮性肿瘤,无论有无淋巴结转移。不伴局部淋巴结转移的早期直肠癌,局部切除是主要治疗方式之一。内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)、内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)、经肛门内镜显微手术(TEM)和经肛门微创手术(TAMIS)等技术的发展,给早期直肠癌的治疗带来了更多的选择。8%~12%的早期直肠癌病人存在局部淋巴结转移,因此仍需接受全直肠系膜切除术(TME)。现行指南推荐,具有高危病理特征的早期直肠癌需追加补救性根治手术。各种微创、低位保肛手术如经自然腔道取标本手术(NOSES)、经肛门全直肠系膜切除术(TaTME)、经括约肌间切除术(ISR)、适形切除功能保肛手术(CSPO)更好地实现了保肛保功能的目标。早期直肠癌总体预后良好,但其全程监测随诊同样重要。早期直肠癌的早诊早治及全程监测理念的革新,内镜技术及外科技术的发展,必将进一步提高早期直肠癌诊疗的规范化。

术中改良体位联合风险管理对机器人辅助下直肠癌根治术患者术后疼痛及并发症发生风险的影响

目的:探讨术中改良体位联合风险管理对机器人辅助下直肠癌根治术患者术后疼痛及并发症发生风险的影响。方法:选取2021年6月—2022年6月浙江大学医学院附属第一医院行常规护理的38例机器人辅助下直肠癌根治术患者作为研究对象,将其纳入对照组;另选取2022年7月—2023年7月于本院行术中改良体位联合风险管理的38例患者作为研究对象,将其纳入观察组。所有患者均护理14 d,比较两组手术相关指标、术后恢复指标、并发症发生率、不同时点疼痛水平。结果:观察组手术时间短于对照组,术中失血量少于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后首次排气、排便、下床活动及住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:术中改良体位联合风险管理能够有效缓解机器人辅助下直肠癌根治术患者的应激反应,减轻术后疼痛,降低术后并发症发生风险,促进术后康复。

目标导向液体治疗对腹腔镜直肠癌根治术老年患者围术期的影响

目的:探讨心脏指数与每搏量变异度指导的目标导向液体治疗对腹腔镜直肠癌根治术老年患者围术期的影响。方法:选取2023年4月至2023年8月限期行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的70例老年患者,采用随机数字表法将患者分为常规输液组(C组)与目标导向组(G组),每组35例;G组予以心脏指数与每搏量变异度指导的目标导向液体治疗,C组予以平均动脉压(MAP)与中心静脉压指导的常规输液治疗。比较两组手术相关指标(液体总量、晶体量、胶体量、尿量、出血量及手术时间),记录两组患者麻醉诱导前(T_(1))、气管插管后5 min(T_(2))、改变体位后5 min(T_(3))、改变体位后60 min(T_(4))、气腹结束后5 min(T_(5))、手术结束时(T_(6))的心率与MAP,T_(1)、T_(4)、T_(6)时两组患者的pH值与动脉血乳酸含量,T_(1)、拔管后5 min(T_(7))时烦躁指数、麻醉复苏室并发症发生情况,术后第1天、第3天、第7天心率、MAP及术后并发症。结果:与C组相比,G组术中输注的胶体量多,晶体量少(P<0.05)。T_(3)~T_(6)时,G组MAP高于C组(P<0.05);T_(2)~T_(6)时,C组MAP均低于同组Tl时(P<0.05),G组除T_(2)、T_(6)时的MAP低于同组T_(1)时(P<0.05),T_(3)~T_(5)时的MAP与T_(1)时相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T_(6)时,G组pH值高于C组,动脉血乳酸值低于C组(P<0.05);T_(6)时,C组动脉血乳酸值较同组T_(1)时升高(P<0.05)。T_(7)时,G组烦躁指数低于C组(P<0.05)。G组术后恶心呕吐、感染、吻合口漏、肠梗阻等并发症发生率低于C组(8.57%vs.28.57%)。结论:心脏指数与每搏量变异度指导的目标导向液体治疗可优化腹腔镜直肠癌根治术老年患者术中血流动力学指标,改善组织灌注,减轻麻醉苏醒期不适感,降低术后并发症发生率。

6S护理管理对预防腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者围手术期低体温的效果

目的观察6S护理管理预防腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者围手术期低体温的效果。方法选取2020年1月—2023年1月上饶东信第五医院拟行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的患者78例,按组间基线资料具有可比性的原则分为对照组和观察组各39例,两组均采用腹腔镜直肠癌根治术治疗。对照组接受常规护理,观察组采用6S护理管理干预。比较两组术中及术后恢复情况、围术期体温情况、干预前后舒适度、生活质量及干预期间并发症发生率。结果采用6S护理管理干预后,观察组患者下床活动时间、首次肛门排气时间、住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者术中出血量及手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者低体温发生率为5.13%,低于对照组的23.08%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。采用6S护理管理干预后,观察组患者中文版舒适状况量表(GCQ)中生理、心理精神、环境评分高于对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组社会文化评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组癌症患者生命质量测定表(QLQ-C30)中身体功能、情感功能评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组角色功能、认知功能与社会功能评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者寒战、心律失常、发热、切口感染及术后躁动等并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论6S管理对腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者可改善患者术中及术后体温,预防围手术期低体温,减少低体温的发生率,缩短住院时间,提高患者生理、心理精神及环境方面舒适度,增加身体功能、情感功能维度评分。

亚麻醉剂量艾司氯胺酮对老年腹腔镜直肠癌根治术后康复的影响

目的探讨亚麻醉剂量艾司氯胺酮用于术后镇痛对老年腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者早期康复的影响。方法纳入拟行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的老年患者,采用随机数字表法将患者分为AS组(61例,采用艾司氯胺酮静脉自控镇痛)和SF组(60例,采用舒芬太尼静脉自控镇痛)。比较2组患者手术时间、术中输液量、尿量、术中出血量、术后补救镇痛、术后48 h内患者静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)按压次数和曲马多用量、术后视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、术后Ramsay镇静评分、术后首次下床活动时间、术后首次排气时间及术后首次进食时间。记录2组患者不良反应发生情况。术毕即刻、术后24 h和72 h采用ELISA法检测2组患者白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和C反应蛋白(CRP)水平。比较2组患者术后3 d、1周和1个月焦虑、抑郁评分。结果2组患者手术时间、术中输液量、尿量、术中出血量、术后补救镇痛、术后48 h内曲马多用量及术后48 h内PCIA按压次数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组患者术毕即刻、术后24 h和72 h IL-6、CRP水平逐渐升高(P<0.05),且AS组患者术后24 h和72 h的IL-6、CRP水平均显著低于SF组(P<0.05)。AS组患者术后首次下床活动时间、术后首次排气时间、术后首次进食时间均早于SF组(P<0.05)。AS组患者恶心、呕吐和头晕发生率显著低于SF组(P<0.05)。AS组患者术后24 h和72 h的IL-6和CRP水平均显著低于SF组(P<0.05)。AS组患者术后3 d和术后1周的焦虑和抑郁评分显著低于SF组(P<0.05)。结论亚麻醉剂量艾司氯胺酮用于术后镇痛可减轻老年腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者术后短期焦虑和抑郁,缓解术后疼痛和炎症反应,不良反应发生率低,有助于患者早期康复。

经腹会阴联合直肠癌根治术后造口肿瘤并同时性肝转移1例报道及文献复习

目的本文探讨异时性结肠造口处肿瘤的临床特点及诊治过程,为特殊部位的异时性结直肠癌的诊治提供临床经验。方法回顾性描述1例低位直肠癌经腹会阴联合切除术后10年,出现造口处肿瘤的临床病例,并进行相关文献复习。结果结合患者病史、症状、体征及辅助检查,考虑患者造口处肿瘤是由于造口护理不当、肠道分泌物及粪便反复污染刺激所致。患者的自身免疫系统疾病也是潜在病因。我们采取造口肿瘤及周围皮肤的根治性切除术,术后至2023年8月9日未见疾病进展征象。结论对于特殊部位的异时性结直肠癌,其诊疗方式更趋向于个体化,尚未能形成规范的治疗方案,定期规律监测随访是早发现早诊治的有效途径,是减少全身转移风险、提高R0切除机会的可靠方法。

改良与传统预防性回肠造口术的临床效果比较研究

目的:比较腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中预防性回肠造口术的改良术式与传统术式的临床效果。方法:收集2020年1月至2022年1月成功施行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术+预防性回肠造口术及二期还纳手术的164例患者,随机分为改良组与传统组,每组82例。比较两组患者一般资料、围手术期指标及造口并发症情况。结果:改良组还纳手术时间短,造口旁疝发生率、总造口并发症发生率低于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者一般资料、造口手术时间、造口术后首次排气时间、造口术后首次流质饮食时间、还纳术中出血量、首次术后住院时间、还纳术后住院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中预防性回肠造口改良术式与传统术式的临床效果相近,改良术式的二次还纳手术时间短,造口并发症发生率低,具有临床推广价值。

保护性造口在腹腔镜下超低位直肠癌根治术中的安全性及有效性研究

目的:探讨保护性造口在腹腔镜下超低位直肠癌根治术中的安全性及有效性。方法:回顾性分析2019年9月—2023年4月萍乡市人民医院收治的70例行腹腔镜下超低位直肠癌根治术患者的临床资料,将未接受保护性造口患者设为对照组(n=38),接受预防性末端回肠造口术患者设为观察组(n=32)。比较两组围手术期指标、炎症因子水平、大便失禁状况及并发症。结果:观察组手术时间长于对照组,首次排便时间、首次通气时间及术后住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);两组术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后72 h两组C反应蛋白(CRP)与中性粒细胞(N)均较术后24 h下降,且观察组CRP、N均低于对照组(P<0.05);术后6个月两组Wexner失禁评分均下降,术后1、3、6个月欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织(EORTC)生命质量问卷-C30(QLQ-C30)得分呈上升趋势,且观察组Wexner失禁评分低于对照组,EORTC QLQ-C30得分均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症总发生率(6.25%)低于对照组(23.68%)(P<0.05)。结论:对腹腔镜下超低位直肠癌根治术患者予以保护性造口具有较好安全性,能促进肛门功能恢复,对机体影响较小,并可提升生活质量。

术中监测局部脑氧饱和度在老年直肠癌根治术患者POD中的预测价值

目的探讨术中监测局部脑氧饱和度(rSO_(2))在老年直肠癌根治术患者术后谵妄(POD)中的预测价值。方法选取2022年8月至2023年2月在甘肃省人民医院麻醉科行直肠癌根治术的88例老年患者为研究对象,入室后监测麻醉诱导前(T_(0))、气管插管后(T_(1))、手术开始时(T_(2))、手术开始1 h(T_(3))、手术开始2 h(T_(4))和手术结束(T_(5))rSO_(2)、心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、血氧饱和度(SpO_(2)),以T_(0)时rSO_(2)为基线值,计算rSO_(2)最小值(rSO_(2) min)、平均值(rSO_(2) mean)、与基线值下降的最大差值(rSO_(2)%max)。术后根据是否出现POD分为POD组和非POD组,比较两组HR、MAP、SpO_(2)及rSO_(2)。结果POD组和非POD组T_(0)、T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)和T_(5)时HR、MAP、SpO_(2)以及T_(0)、T_(1)、T_(2)时rSO_(2)指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),POD组T_(3)、T_(4)和T_(5)时rSO_(2)低于非POD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。POD组与非POD组rSO_(2)基线值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),POD组rSO_(2) min和rSO_(2) mean低于非POD组,POD组rSO_(2)%max高于非POD组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论rSO_(2)降低与老年直肠癌根治术患者POD相关,可将rSO_(2)作为预测POD的指标。

不同区域神经阻滞方案在老年直肠癌手术患者中应用效果的比较

目的比较超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞(TAPB)和腰方肌阻滞(QLB)方案在老年直肠癌手术患者中的应用效果。方法将92例行腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的老年直肠癌患者根据区域神经阻滞方案的不同分为QLB组(n=44,超声引导下QLB方案)和TAPB组(n=48,超声引导下TAPB方案)。比较两组患者术后舒芬太尼总用量、术后恢复情况、血清学指标[5-羟色胺(5-HT)、前列腺素E_(2)(PGE_(2))]及不良反应发生情况。结果术后2、6、12、24 h,QLB组患者舒芬太尼总用量均低于TAPB组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。QLB组患者术后苏醒时间、首次下床时间及首次肛门排气时间均短于TAPB组,不良反应总发生率低于TAPB组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。术后24 h,两组患者血清PGE_(2)、5-HT水平均高于本组术前,QLB组患者血清PGE_(2)、5-HT水平均低于TAPB组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论超声引导下QLB应用于腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者中,能减少术后舒芬太尼用量,促进患者术后恢复,减轻术后疼痛,降低不良反应发生率。