Principle and progress of radical treatment for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system in China and the world.Most patients are diagnosed as locally advanced or advanced stage.Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.This study intends to summarize the evidence-based medical evidence of the treatment principle of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,the selection of radiotherapy dose,the outline of radiotherapy target and the selection of chemotherapy scheme.As a result,the effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is equivalent to that of surgery for the radical treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.In the era of immunization,it is recommended to use involved field irradiation.Fluorouracil plus cisplatin regimen is the standard chemotherapy regimen.FOLFOX regimen and paclitaxel plus fluorouracil regimen are optional concurrent chemotherapy regimens.The toxic and side effects of different chemotherapy regimens are different,which can be selected according to the actual situation of patients.

Improved device performance of recessed-gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs by using in-situ N_(2)O radical treatment

The N_(2)O radicals in-situ treatment on gate region has been employed to improve device performance of recessedgate Al Ga N/Ga N high-electron-mobility transistors(HEMTs).The samples after gate recess etching were treated by N_(2)O radicals without physical bombardment.After in-situ treatment(IST)processing,the gate leakage currents decreased by more than one order of magnitude compared to the sample without IST.The fabricated HEMTs with the IST process show a low reverse gate current of 10;A/mm,high on/off current ratio of 108,and high f_(T)×L_(g)of 13.44 GHz·μm.A transmission electron microscope(TEM)imaging illustrates an oxide layer with a thickness of 1.8 nm exists at the AlGaN surface.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)measurement shows that the content of the Al-O and Ga-O bonds elevated after IST,indicating that the Al-N and Ga-N bonds on the AlGaN surface were broken and meanwhile the Al-O and Ga-O bonds formed.The oxide formed by a chemical reaction between radicals and the surface of the AlGaN barrier layer is responsible for improved device characteristics.

THE FACTORS AND TREATMENT OF LOCAL RECURRENCE AFTER RADICAL RESECTION RESERVING THE ANUS IN THE PATIENTS WITH RECTAL CANCER

Of seventy-one patients with rectal cancer after radical resection retaining the anus, 15 developed local recurrence with a recurrence rate of 21.1%. Local recurrence was correlated with improper safety margin from the lower edge of cancer to the anal end. There was statistical significant difference between 3 cm or more and 2 cm or less. The local recurrence was also related to the pathologic stage, histologic differentiation and implant of free cancer cells. It is suggested that the surgical indication of saving the anus be strict and without stretching, the safety margin from the lower edge of cancer to the anal end should not be less than 2 cm in early rectal cancer and not less than 4 cm in advanced lesions. During the operation, no touching tumor technique, thorough rinsing of the peritoneal cavity and pre- or post-operative radiotherapy are important for prevention of local recurrence. Early local recurrent rectal cancer can be detected by periodic examinations.

Current status of radical laparoscopy for treating hepatocellular carcinoma with portal hypertension

The laparoscopic technique is clinically effective in treating hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC) with portal hypertension (PHT). However, existing studies lacksystematic arrangement and induction. Here, we review the latest researchadvancement in laparoscopic technique for treatment of HCC with PHT, based onpublished literature and our single-institution experience. Our single-centerexperience reveals no statistical difference in both short- and long-term prognosisof HCC patients after laparoscopic liver resection (LLR), regardless of whetherthey suffer from PHT, which is consistent with previous studies on the use of LLRfor HCC with PHT. Retrieval outcomes indicate existence of short- and long-termprognostic superiority, following laparoscopic treatment, relative to nonlaparoscopictreatment. Besides that, LLR offers long-term prognostic advantagecompared to laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation. In addition, we review theprevious literature and propose corresponding perspectives on the therapy ofhypersplenism, the utilization of Pringle maneuver, and the adoption ofanatomical hepatectomy during radical laparoscopic treatment. HCC with PHT isnot the "forbidden zone" of radical laparoscopic treatment. However, patients’preoperative liver function should be adequately estimated.

枸橼酸铋钾联合克拉霉素和替硝唑根除幽门螺旋杆菌感染临床分析

目的 :观察枸橼酸铋钾联合克拉霉素和替硝唑根除幽门螺旋杆菌 (HP)感染的疗效。方法 :将12 2例幽门螺旋杆菌阳性的消化性溃疡病人随机分为两组 :治疗组用枸橼酸铋钾联合克拉霉素和替硝唑短程治疗一周 ;对照组用奥美拉唑联合头孢羟氨苄和甲硝唑治疗二周。结果 :治疗组和对照组的HP根除率分别为 83 9%和 85 % ,溃疡愈合率分别为 85 5 %和 88 3% (p >0 0 5 )。结论 :枸橼酸铋钾联合克拉霉素和替硝唑能有效根除HP ,促进溃疡愈合 ,且不良反应少 ,疗程短 ,经费低 ,病人顺从性好 。