Objective We investigated the correlation between the expression of the sodium-iodide symporter(NIS) and the detection of circulating tumor cells(CTCs) in differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC).Methods NIS expression i...Objective We investigated the correlation between the expression of the sodium-iodide symporter(NIS) and the detection of circulating tumor cells(CTCs) in differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC).Methods NIS expression in differentiated thyroid and the positive rate of CTCs in the peripheral blood were determined by immunohistochemistry S-P and flow cytometry from the records of 172 cases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma.Results Seventy-six cases(44.2%) expressed NIS in the differentiated thyroid and 63 cases(36.6%) were positive for CTCs in the peripheral blood. There was a significant difference between N0 and N1 in the expression of NIS(χ~2 = 6.015, P = 0.014) and the positive rate of CTCs(χ~2 = 14.035, P = 0.001). N0 and N1 also differed significantly in the expression of NIS(r =-0.383,-0.610, P = 0.002, < 0.001). The differences in the NIS expression, but not in the positive rate of CTCs, were significant among the different pathological subtypes(χ~2 = 7.897, P = 0.005; χ~2 = 1.455, P = 0.228, respectively). There was a significant negative correlation between the highly differentiated type and intermediate differentiation type both in the expression of NIS and positive rate of CTCs(r =-0.591,-0.443, P < 0.001, P = 0.002). Conclusion There was a significant negative correlation between the expression of tissue NIS and positive rate of CTCs in the peripheral blood in DTC. The malignancy level and lymph node metastasis in differentiated thyroid carcinoma were negatively correlated with NIS expression and positively correlated with the positive rate of CTC.展开更多
The cumulative evidence over the past decades has shown that the incidence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC)has exponentially increased.Approximately 10%of patients with DTC exhibit recurrent or metastatic dise...The cumulative evidence over the past decades has shown that the incidence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC)has exponentially increased.Approximately 10%of patients with DTC exhibit recurrent or metastatic disease,and about two-thirds of the latter will be defined as refractory to radioactive iodine(RAIR)treatment.Since this condition implies 10-year survival rates less than 10% after detection,using available treatments,such as systemic and targeted therapies,have become increasingly relevant.The initiation of these treatments aims to reach stabilization,tumor volume reduction,and/or symptom improvement and it should be decided by highly specialized endocrinologists/oncologists on the basis of patient’s features.Considering that despite enlarged progression-free survival was proven,multikinase inhibitors remain non-curative,their benefits last for a limited time and the side effects potentially cause harm and quality of life reduction.In this context,molecular testing of cancer cells provides a promising spectrum of targeted therapies that offer increased compatibility with individual patient needs by improving efficacy,progression free survival,overall survival and adverse events profile.This review article aims to provide a summary of the current therapeutic strategies in advanced RAIR-DTC,including approved target therapies as well as those for off-label use,RAI resensitization agents,and immunotherapy.展开更多
Currently, thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine cancer in the United States. A recent involvement of sub-population of stem cells, cancer stem cells, has been proposed in different histological types of ...Currently, thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine cancer in the United States. A recent involvement of sub-population of stem cells, cancer stem cells, has been proposed in different histological types of thyroid cancer. Because of their ability of self-renewal and differentiation into various specialized cells in the body, these putative cells drive tumor genesis, metastatic activity and are responsible to provide chemo- and radioresistant nature to the cancer cells in the thyroid gland. Our Review was conducted from previously published literature to provide latest apprises to investigate the role of embryonic, somatic and cancer stem cells, and discusses the hypothesis of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Different methods for their identification and isolation through stemness markers using various in vivo and in vitro methods such as flow cytometry, thyrosphere formation assay, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 efflux-pump mediated Hoechst 33342 dye exclusion have been discussed. The review also outlines various setbacks that still remain to target these tumor initiating cells. Future perspectives of therapeutic strategies and their potential to treat advanced stages of thyroid cancer are also disclosed in this review.展开更多
目的：研究分化型甲状腺癌中雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）和增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）的表达及临床意义。方法收集甲状腺相关疾病患者105例，其中甲状腺乳头状癌患者33例，甲状腺滤泡癌患者24例，甲状腺腺瘤24例，结节性甲状腺肿患...目的：研究分化型甲状腺癌中雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）和增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）的表达及临床意义。方法收集甲状腺相关疾病患者105例，其中甲状腺乳头状癌患者33例，甲状腺滤泡癌患者24例，甲状腺腺瘤24例，结节性甲状腺肿患者24例。使用免疫组化法测定各标本中ER和PR及PCNA的表达情况，分析三者的临床意义。结果甲状腺乳头状癌中，＜45岁者的ER阳性表达率显著高于≥45岁者，有淋巴结转移者的ER阳性表达率亦显著高于无淋巴结转移者（χ2＝3．945、3．688， P ＜0．05）；甲状腺滤泡癌中，有淋巴结转移者的ER阳性表达率显著低于无淋巴结转移者（χ2＝4．232， P ＜0．05）。甲状腺乳头状癌无淋巴结转移者的PR阳性表达显著高于有淋巴结转移者（χ2＝3．861， P ＜0．05）。甲状腺滤泡癌有淋巴结转移者的PCNA阳性表达率显著高于无淋巴结转移者（χ2＝4．231， P ＜0．05）。甲状腺乳头状癌的ER及PCNA阳性表达率均显著高于甲状腺腺瘤及结节性甲状腺肿者（χ2＝6．561、8．412、4．520、7．695， P ＜0．05）。甲状腺乳头状癌的PR阳性表达率显著高于结节性甲状腺肿者（χ2＝5．519， P ＜0．05）。甲状腺乳头状癌者的ER、PR及PCNA染色阳性分级显著高于甲状腺腺瘤及结节性甲状腺肿者（χ2＝4．520，5．988，3．256，3．635，3．968，5．509， P均＜0．05）。 Spearman相关性结果表明，甲状腺乳头状癌及甲状腺滤泡癌中，ER与PR呈正相关（ r ＝0．459、0．618， P ＜0．05）。甲状腺乳头状癌中，PCNA蛋白表达与ER及PR均呈负相关（ r ＝－0．456、－0．442， P均＜0．05）。甲状腺滤泡癌中，PCNA蛋白表达与ER呈负相关（ r ＝－0．635， P ＜0．05）。结论分化型甲状腺癌中ER、PR、PCNA表达阳性率高于良性甲状腺肿瘤组织，ER、PR、PCNA在分化型甲状腺癌的发病、进展中起重要作用，且三者存在相关性，因此联合检测ER、PR、PCNA对分化型甲状腺癌的诊治具有重要价值。展开更多
基金Supported by a grant from the Gansu Province Key Traditional Chinese Medicine Project(No.GZK-2010-Z9)
文摘Objective We investigated the correlation between the expression of the sodium-iodide symporter(NIS) and the detection of circulating tumor cells(CTCs) in differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC).Methods NIS expression in differentiated thyroid and the positive rate of CTCs in the peripheral blood were determined by immunohistochemistry S-P and flow cytometry from the records of 172 cases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma.Results Seventy-six cases(44.2%) expressed NIS in the differentiated thyroid and 63 cases(36.6%) were positive for CTCs in the peripheral blood. There was a significant difference between N0 and N1 in the expression of NIS(χ~2 = 6.015, P = 0.014) and the positive rate of CTCs(χ~2 = 14.035, P = 0.001). N0 and N1 also differed significantly in the expression of NIS(r =-0.383,-0.610, P = 0.002, < 0.001). The differences in the NIS expression, but not in the positive rate of CTCs, were significant among the different pathological subtypes(χ~2 = 7.897, P = 0.005; χ~2 = 1.455, P = 0.228, respectively). There was a significant negative correlation between the highly differentiated type and intermediate differentiation type both in the expression of NIS and positive rate of CTCs(r =-0.591,-0.443, P < 0.001, P = 0.002). Conclusion There was a significant negative correlation between the expression of tissue NIS and positive rate of CTCs in the peripheral blood in DTC. The malignancy level and lymph node metastasis in differentiated thyroid carcinoma were negatively correlated with NIS expression and positively correlated with the positive rate of CTC.
文摘The cumulative evidence over the past decades has shown that the incidence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC)has exponentially increased.Approximately 10%of patients with DTC exhibit recurrent or metastatic disease,and about two-thirds of the latter will be defined as refractory to radioactive iodine(RAIR)treatment.Since this condition implies 10-year survival rates less than 10% after detection,using available treatments,such as systemic and targeted therapies,have become increasingly relevant.The initiation of these treatments aims to reach stabilization,tumor volume reduction,and/or symptom improvement and it should be decided by highly specialized endocrinologists/oncologists on the basis of patient’s features.Considering that despite enlarged progression-free survival was proven,multikinase inhibitors remain non-curative,their benefits last for a limited time and the side effects potentially cause harm and quality of life reduction.In this context,molecular testing of cancer cells provides a promising spectrum of targeted therapies that offer increased compatibility with individual patient needs by improving efficacy,progression free survival,overall survival and adverse events profile.This review article aims to provide a summary of the current therapeutic strategies in advanced RAIR-DTC,including approved target therapies as well as those for off-label use,RAI resensitization agents,and immunotherapy.
文摘Currently, thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine cancer in the United States. A recent involvement of sub-population of stem cells, cancer stem cells, has been proposed in different histological types of thyroid cancer. Because of their ability of self-renewal and differentiation into various specialized cells in the body, these putative cells drive tumor genesis, metastatic activity and are responsible to provide chemo- and radioresistant nature to the cancer cells in the thyroid gland. Our Review was conducted from previously published literature to provide latest apprises to investigate the role of embryonic, somatic and cancer stem cells, and discusses the hypothesis of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Different methods for their identification and isolation through stemness markers using various in vivo and in vitro methods such as flow cytometry, thyrosphere formation assay, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 efflux-pump mediated Hoechst 33342 dye exclusion have been discussed. The review also outlines various setbacks that still remain to target these tumor initiating cells. Future perspectives of therapeutic strategies and their potential to treat advanced stages of thyroid cancer are also disclosed in this review.
文摘目的：研究分化型甲状腺癌中雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）和增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）的表达及临床意义。方法收集甲状腺相关疾病患者105例，其中甲状腺乳头状癌患者33例，甲状腺滤泡癌患者24例，甲状腺腺瘤24例，结节性甲状腺肿患者24例。使用免疫组化法测定各标本中ER和PR及PCNA的表达情况，分析三者的临床意义。结果甲状腺乳头状癌中，＜45岁者的ER阳性表达率显著高于≥45岁者，有淋巴结转移者的ER阳性表达率亦显著高于无淋巴结转移者（χ2＝3．945、3．688， P ＜0．05）；甲状腺滤泡癌中，有淋巴结转移者的ER阳性表达率显著低于无淋巴结转移者（χ2＝4．232， P ＜0．05）。甲状腺乳头状癌无淋巴结转移者的PR阳性表达显著高于有淋巴结转移者（χ2＝3．861， P ＜0．05）。甲状腺滤泡癌有淋巴结转移者的PCNA阳性表达率显著高于无淋巴结转移者（χ2＝4．231， P ＜0．05）。甲状腺乳头状癌的ER及PCNA阳性表达率均显著高于甲状腺腺瘤及结节性甲状腺肿者（χ2＝6．561、8．412、4．520、7．695， P ＜0．05）。甲状腺乳头状癌的PR阳性表达率显著高于结节性甲状腺肿者（χ2＝5．519， P ＜0．05）。甲状腺乳头状癌者的ER、PR及PCNA染色阳性分级显著高于甲状腺腺瘤及结节性甲状腺肿者（χ2＝4．520，5．988，3．256，3．635，3．968，5．509， P均＜0．05）。 Spearman相关性结果表明，甲状腺乳头状癌及甲状腺滤泡癌中，ER与PR呈正相关（ r ＝0．459、0．618， P ＜0．05）。甲状腺乳头状癌中，PCNA蛋白表达与ER及PR均呈负相关（ r ＝－0．456、－0．442， P均＜0．05）。甲状腺滤泡癌中，PCNA蛋白表达与ER呈负相关（ r ＝－0．635， P ＜0．05）。结论分化型甲状腺癌中ER、PR、PCNA表达阳性率高于良性甲状腺肿瘤组织，ER、PR、PCNA在分化型甲状腺癌的发病、进展中起重要作用，且三者存在相关性，因此联合检测ER、PR、PCNA对分化型甲状腺癌的诊治具有重要价值。
