Cloud-Model-Based Feature Engineering to Analyze the Energy-Water Nexus of a Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plant

Wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)are important and energy-intensive municipal infrastructures.High energy consumption and relatively low operating performance are major challenges from the perspective of carbon neutrality.However,water-energy nexus analysis and models for WWTPs have rarely been reported to date.In this study,a cloud-model-based energy consumption analysis(CMECA)of a WWTP was conducted to explore the relationship between influent and energy consumption by clustering its influent’s parameters.The principal component analysis(PCA)and K-means clustering were applied to classify the influent condition using water quality and volume data.The energy consumption of the WWTP is divided into five standard evaluation levels,and its cloud digital characteristics(CDCs)were extracted according to bilateral constraints and golden ratio methods.Our results showed that the energy consumption distribution gradually dispersed and deviated from the Gaussian distribution with decreased water concentration and quantity.The days with high energy efficiency were extracted via the clustering method from the influent category of excessive energy consumption,represented by a compact-type energy consumption distribution curve to identify the influent conditions that affect the steady distribution of energy consumption.The local WWTP has high energy consumption with 0.3613 kW·h·m^(-3)despite low influent concentration and volumes,across four consumption levels from low(I)to relatively high(IV),showing an unsatisfactory operation and management level.The average oxygenation capacity,internal reflux ratio,and external reflux ratio during high energy efficiency days recognized by further clustering were obtained(0.2924-0.3703 kg O_(2)·m^(-3),1.9576-2.4787,and 0.6603-0.8361,respectively),which could be used as a guide for the days with low energy efficiency.Consequently,this study offers a water-energy nexus analysis method to identify influent conditions with operational management anomalies and can be used as an empirical reference for the optimized operation of WWTPs.

Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver Imaging Reporting and Data Systems treatment response assessment: Lessons learned and future directions

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,with rising clinical and economic burden as incidence increases.There are a multitude of evolving treatment options,including locoregional therapies which can be used alone,in combination with each other,or in combination with systemic therapy.These treatment options have shown to be effective in achieving remission,controlling tumor progression,improving disease free and overall survival in patients who cannot undergo resection and providing a bridge to transplant by debulking tumor burden to downstage patients.Following locoregional therapy(LRT),it is crucial to provide treatment response assessment to guide management and liver transplant candidacy.Therefore,Liver Imaging Reporting and Data Systems(LI-RADS)Treatment Response Algorithm(TRA)was created to provide a standardized assessment of HCC following LRT.LIRADS TRA provides a step by step approach to evaluate each lesion independently for accurate tumor assessment.In this review,we provide an overview of different locoregional therapies for HCC,describe the expected post treatment imaging appearance following treatment,and review the LI-RADS TRA with guidance for its application in clinical practice.Unique to other publications,we will also review emerging literature supporting the use of LI-RADS for assessment of HCC treatment response after LRT.

Data-driven intelligent monitoring system for key variables in wastewater treatment process

In wastewater treatment process(WWTP), the accurate and real-time monitoring values of key variables are crucial for the operational strategies. However, most of the existing methods have difficulty in obtaining the real-time values of some key variables in the process. In order to handle this issue, a data-driven intelligent monitoring system, using the soft sensor technique and data distribution service, is developed to monitor the concentrations of effluent total phosphorous(TP) and ammonia nitrogen(NH_4-N). In this intelligent monitoring system, a fuzzy neural network(FNN) is applied for designing the soft sensor model, and a principal component analysis(PCA) method is used to select the input variables of the soft sensor model. Moreover, data transfer software is exploited to insert the soft sensor technique to the supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA) system. Finally, this proposed intelligent monitoring system is tested in several real plants to demonstrate the reliability and effectiveness of the monitoring performance.

Evaluation of the Protégé^(TM) stent in the treatment of carotid artery stenosis with adjunctive use of a filter Embolic Protection Device (PROCAR)-one-month follow-up data on 77 patients

Objective The trial was designed to evaluate the safety and performance of the ev3 Protégé TM stent in the treatment of de novo or re-stenotic common and/or internal carotid artery stenoses with adjunctive use of a CE-marked filter embolic protection device.Methods This study was a prospective multi-center, single-arm trial. Between June and October 2003, 77 patients were enrolled in 8 investigational centers throughout Europe. The primary endpoint was the incidence of Major Neurological Events (MANE) through one month. Other endpoints were the ability to properly place the stent, and primary patency and MANE after six months. Eligible for the study were patients with a de novo or restenotic target lesion located in the common and/or internal carotid artery (>70% stenosis for asymptomatic and >50% stenosis for symptomatic patients). The ev3 Spider (Embolic Protection Filter was used in 75 of 77 cases. Results In 76 out of the 77 patients (99%), the stent could be successfully implanted with a residual stenosis ≤30% as criterion. Of the 74 patients that had a carotid ultrasound at one month follow-up, none had a re-stenosis of the target lesion. There were three MANEs during or immediately after the procedure (3.9%), two were major and one was a minor stroke. There were eight severe complications (9.1%); six of these happened during or immediately after the procedure and were related to the procedure, none was related to the device. They are resolved without sequelae. No deaths have occurred.Conclusions The Protégé stent is safe and performs well in the treatment of carotid artery stenosis. The technical success rate for placement of the Protégé stent as assessed by the residual stenosis post implant was very high and all stents were successfully deployed. The incidence of MANE was comparable with that in other recent carotid stent studies and still lower than standard CEA.

Regularity of syndrome differentiation and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for Henoch-Schonlein purpura based on data mining techniques

Objective:This study aims to explore the regularity of syndrome differentiation and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for allergic purpura.Methods:CNKI,Weipu Chinese science and technology database,wanfang medical network database,and Chinese biomedical literature database were searched for eligible studies.Medical records including complete patient personal information,patient symptoms,TCM syndromes,treatment,and medication were included.The data was analyzed using the Chinese medicine heritage support platform provided by the Chinese Academy of Chinese medicine(V2.5).Results:Differentiation of health gas camp blood was the most commonly used method of differentiation of symptoms and signs in famous veteran TCM.The treatment included cooling blood,activating blood circulation,clearing heat and detoxifying toxins,removing blood stasis and stopping bleeding.Honeysuckle,Forsythia suspensa,cicada slough and other drugs were interrelated.Potential drug pair combinations and drug networks showed the basic drug composition of Qingying Decoction.According to the entropy cluster analysis,28 core drug combination and 12 new formulations were obtained.Conclusion:The regularity of syndrome differentiation and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for Henoch-Schonlein purpura based on the famous and old TCM doctors was complex.Further researches are still needed.

Development of materials database system for cae system of heat treatment based on data mining technology

Computer simulation for materials processing needs a huge database containing a great deal of various physical properties of materials. In order to employ the accumulated large data on materials heat treatment in the past years, it is significant to develop an intelligent database system. Based on the data mining technology for data analysis, an intelligent database web tool system of computer simulation for heat treatment process named as IndBASEweb-HT was built up. The architecture and the arithmetic of this system as well as its application were introduced.

AIDS Treatments Efficiency Analysis Based on Cost Efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis Model

Three data envelopment analysis (DEA) models were used to analyse the relative efficiencies of four AIDS treatments in AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) Study 193A(1 309 patients in total, classified into 4 age groups). Results from the output-oriented BCC model show that Treatment 4 ( 600 mg of zidovudine plus 400 mg of didanosine plus 400 mg of nevirapine) is particularly efficient for age group 14—25, but not efficient for the older age groups; Treatment 1 (600 mg of zidovudine alternating monthly with 400 mg of didanosine)and Treatment 2 (600 mg of zidovudine plus 2.25 mg of zalcitabine) are efficient for the age groups 35—45 and 45— ; age group 25—35 does not have a particularly efficient treatment, but Treatments 1 and 2 are relatively good. The cost efficiency BCC model, which takes the treatment cost into account, gives similar results as the output-oriented model. Results from the indirect output-oriented BCC model, which allows the replacement among medicines, show that the efficiency of Treatment 2 has greatly decreased compared with that of the output-oriented model, and a set of optimal medicine amounts for different age groups is obtained.

Based on data mining,the drug law of clinical treatment of chronic urticaria

Background:Based on clinical data mining,we introduce the medication rule and clinical application of Professor Wang Lifen in the treatment of chronic urticaria,as the reference of clinical treatment of chronic urticaria.Methods:we collected 110 traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for the treatment of chronic urticaria,and found out tastes,functions and channel tropism of Chinese medicine.After collecting and sorting,we inputted the data into excel 2010 software and established drug electronic database.We calculated the frequency of tastes,functions and channel tropism using the Spss 20.0 and analyzed the potential relationship between the drugs using Weka 3.8.We used Cytoscape 3.6.1 to draw the related network and combine it into a new prescription.Then the clinical data of prescriptions were statistically analyzed.Results:The statistical analysis showed that the high-frequency drugs for the treatment of the disease were Gancao(Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma),Huangqin(Radix scutellariae),Desmopeel,Jingjie(Herba schizonepetae),parsnip,etc.,accounting for more than 69.50%of the total frequency.Moreover,the combination and drug pairs with the strongest and most commonly used high-frequency drugs were found.From the point of medicinal properties of these drugs in the treatment of chronic urticaria,the main drugs are cold,followed by warm and smooth,accounting for 70.75%of the total frequency.From the perspective of the efficacy of these drugs in the treatment of chronic urticaria,heat-clearing drugs are the main ones,followed by relieving drugs and Tonic drugs,accounting for 68.25%of the total frequency.From the perspective of medicine taste,sweet taste is the most important,followed by bitter and pungent taste,accounting for 68.00%of the total frequency.From the perspective of drugs channel tropism,the meridian of spleen is the most important,followed by the meridian of lung,liver,heart,stomach,etc.,accounting for 71.62%of the total frequency.Conclusion:According to the data mining results,traditional Chinese medicine treatment of chronic urticaria is mainly based on dispelling wind,clearing heat and removing dampness,cooling blood and detoxifying,supplemented by nourishing blood and nourishing deficiency.This data mining conforms to the law and principle of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of chronic urticaria,which has certain reference and enlightenment significance for clinical treatment of chronic urticaria.

Study on Yan-Xin Wang’s medication experience and regularity in treating Insomnia from the liver based on data mining

Background:Professor Yan-Xin Wang has been committed to the use of traditional Chinese medicine formulas to treat insomnia from the liver for many years,and has achieved excellent clinical results.In order to better inherit Yan-Xin Wang’s academic thoughts.The purpose of this study is to use clinical data to explore the clinical experience of Prof.Yan-Xin Wang in the application of Chinese medicine to treat insomnia patients from the liver,explore the compatibility and medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine,and give more clinical treatment ideas for insomnia.Methods:The general data and prescription information of insomnia patients treated with Chinese herbal medicine by Prof.Yan-Xin Wang from January 1,2021,to December 31,2021,were summarized according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the data were subjected to frequency statistics and drug association rules,complex network diagram analysis and cluster analysis.Results:A total of 159 patients and prescriptions were included in the study,of which 81.1%were women and 18.9%were men,containing 128 herbs;the highest frequency of use was 91.8%for Bupleuri Radix.Six Chinese herbs were used more than 70%of the time,namely Bupleuri Radix,Scutellariae Radix,oyster shell,Glycyrrhizae Radix,Os Draconis,and Ziziphi Spinosae Semen.The top 20 herbs in terms of frequency of use were analyzed in terms of the four Qi,five flavours,and their attributions.The four Qi were mainly calm and warm,the five flavours were mainly bitter and acrid,followed by sweet,and the attributions were mainly to the liver,spleen,and heart meridians.The Chinese medicine association rules set the confidence level>80%and the support level>10%,resulting in 10 two-herb and three-herb associations with the highest confidence level,such as Os Draconis is associated with oyster shell,Platycodonis Radix is associated with Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix,Scutellariae Radix is associated with Bupleuri Radix,Os Draconis,Bupleuri Radix is associated with oyster shell,Os Draconis,Scutellariae Radix is associated with oyster shell,etc.Cluster analysis yielded 3 classes of drug formulas.The complex network diagram shows that the core prescription drugs are composed of Bupleuri Radix,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Pseudostellariae Radix,Jujubae Fructus,Os Draconis,Coptidis Rhizoma,Scutellariae Radix,Ziziphi Spinosae Semen,Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma,Cinnamomi Cortex,White Moutan Cortex,Atractylodis Rhizoma,Glycyrrhizae Radix,oyster shell,Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata,Tritici Levis Fructus,Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum,and Cinnamomi Ramulus.Conclusion:Prof.Yan-Xin Wang believes that the main treatment for patients with insomnia is based on the liver,by tonifying the deficiency and supporting the righteousness,mutually regulating the liver and spleen,and calming the mind and nourishing the heart,while adding and subtracting appropriate herbs according to the patient’s co-morbidities,which can significantly improve the patient’s insomnia symptoms.

分化型甲状腺癌的复发治疗

分化型甲状腺癌预后良好,但仍有5%~20%的患者在初次治疗后出现复发,造成患者身心和经济上的负担,同时也给临床医师对甲状腺癌的诊疗带来困难。与初始治疗方案不同,对复发甲状腺癌的处理应综合考虑风险与获益等因素。手术仍是首选治疗方式,对具有摄碘功能的复发病灶推荐放射性碘治疗,而体积较小的复发病灶可暂行主动监测,热消融治疗应仅限于不适合再次手术治疗的患者。当其他治疗方案无效时,可考虑辅助性外照射治疗或系统治疗。

基于数据挖掘方法探讨脾胃名家李德新教授临床诊疗虚劳疾病规律

目的基于数据挖掘技术探讨李德新教授治疗虚劳疾病的用药规律。方法收集、整理李德新教授临床诊疗虚劳疾病的病例,运用频数、频率、聚类分析、关联分析等方法对病例中的证型诊断和处方用药进行统计分析和数据挖掘,归纳整理后对医案数据进行科学计算。结果共纳入治疗标准医案虚劳741例,挖掘出与疾病相对应的高频症状、高频证型、高频中药,并对中药进行聚类分析得到有效配伍,同时进行症状、证型与相关中药的关联分析。结论利用数据挖掘技术,可初步揭示李德新教授临床诊疗虚劳疾病的规律,从虚劳论治,培补虚劳对于疾病的治疗具有重要意义,有助于更好地传承李德新教授的学术思想,具有较高的临床参考和学习价值。

基于真实世界数据的青春期异常子宫出血用药规律研究

目的:通过对女童青春期异常子宫出血患儿临床实际诊疗病例资料进行数据挖掘分析其中药治疗的用药规律。方法:基于医院信息管理系统提取2020年1月至2022年12月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院女童青春期异常子宫出血患儿的病历数据,分为止血期和调理期2个阶段,总结归纳其辨治规律。结果:纳入止血期663例患儿,1020例病历;调理期796例患儿,2047例病历。止血期涉及中药169味,排名前5位为侧柏炭、牡丹皮、小蓟、麸炒椿皮和白芍,性味以寒、苦药为最多,归经以肝经为最多,功效以止血、补虚类药物为最多;调理期涉及中药232味,排名前5位为当归、酒女贞子、炙淫羊藿、黄芪和生地黄,性味以温、甘药最多,归经以肝、肾经为最多,功效以补虚类为最多。聚类分析分别获得4类和5类核心药物组合。结论:真实世界临床数据显示肾阴亏虚、血热内扰为青春期异常子宫出血常见证型,治则先以止血为主,待崩漏缓解后,重在调补脾肾以复旧,组方注重止血、补虚、收涩和清热等药物的配伍应用。

数据资产的会计核算研究——兼评《企业数据资源相关会计处理暂行规定》

2023年8月财政部出台《企业数据资源相关会计处理暂行规定》,回应了数据资源在构建数字中国中的引擎作用,导入现有的存货及无形资产会计准则体系,分别规制待售及自用数据资产的相关会计核算。数据是对客观世界的记录,数据资产的交付仅是共享数据资产的使用权,即数据资产的自用与出售两种业务模式可同时并存。随着运营时长的增加,数据量的积累,其价值不断增长,计提摊销的情形并不常见,故现有会计准则体系无法将所有数据资产囊括其中。因此,宜创设“数据资产”一级科目,根据核算对象不同,分别就“数字化资产”“数据库资产”及“其他数据资产”制定相应的会计确认、计量与披露规则,以此激发数据要素潜力、做大做强数据要素市场。

基于经络辨治对改善失眠患者神经递质的数据挖掘

目的:采用数据挖掘的方法,探索运用经络理论在调节失眠患者神经递质方面的辨治规律。方法:检索2003年1月至2023年5月期间在中国知网数据库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台、维普数据库等数据库中关于以经络理论辨证论治失眠患者后,针对改善失眠患者神经递质变化的相关文献,提取纳入文献的取穴处方,对高频穴位进行频次分析,并进行归经,关联分析及聚类分析,对所涉及的经络进行网络可视化分析。结果:本研究共纳入文献41篇,其中穴位处方41首。涉及穴位54个,其中使用频次≥3次的穴位27个,共涉及12条经脉。使用频次最高的穴位为百会,穴位归经后使用频次最高的经络为督脉;关联分析显示高频使用穴位关联程度较高的穴位为照海、百会、神门、三阴交,高频使用经络之间的关联度最高的为足厥阴肝经→足太阳膀胱经,相关性较好的经络为足厥阴肝经、足太阳膀胱经、督脉、足少阳胆经、手少阳三焦经。高频穴位聚类可得到核心取穴组合7个。结论:经络理论辨治失眠患者,核心穴位处方为百会、神门、三阴交,治疗以督脉上穴位相关性最强,通过不同的穴位处方组合,可以改善患者的神经递质,从而达到改善睡眠的效果。

基于中医传承辅助平台挖掘中药治疗小儿霰粒肿的用药规律

目的 基于中医传承数据平台挖掘探索中药治疗小儿霰粒肿的组方规律。方法 选取建库至2022年11月中国知网、万方和维普数据库中关于中药治疗小儿霰粒肿的文献。将收集到处方录入中医传承计算平台(V3.0)软件中,统一中药名称后,对药物的属性、用药频次和功效等进行分析。结果 (1)一般情况:共纳入符合标准的处方共57个,涉及中药151味,累计使用频次位582次。中药四气以寒性最多(69味,45.92%),五味以苦味药最多(54味,35.92%),归经以肺经最多(41味,27.27%)。(2)高频中药使用频次:使用频次≥12次的中药(高频中药)共12味。排在前5位的依次是陈皮(29次,4.98%)、半夏(26次,4.47%)、茯苓(26次,4.47%)、甘草(24次,4.12%)、连翘(17次,2.92%)。(3)高频中药功效分类:以清热药最多,138次(23.71%),其次为化痰止咳药(60次,10.30%)、解表药(54次,9.27%)、补虚药(44次,7.56%)、理气药(40次,6.87%)。(4)高频中药聚类分析:共得到6类组方,功效依次为益气健脾,燥湿化痰;消食导滞,益气和胃;化痰散结,健脾化湿;清热解毒,消散疔疮;明目退翳,化痰散结;降逆蠲饮,宁心定悸。(5)高频中药关联规则分析:关联性较强的5对为陈皮-茯苓,陈皮-半夏,半夏-甘草,陈皮-僵蚕,陈皮-连翘。结论 小儿霰粒肿的中医药用药以清热解毒、化痰散结为主,配以益气健脾、清肝疏风类,为临床医生提供药物参考及治疗思路。

基于邻域粗集神经网络的大数据特征分类系统

为提升主机元件对大数据的分类准确性,尽可能地避免数据误传,提出基于邻域粗集神经网络的大数据特征分类系统。在邻域粗集神经网络中,完成对邻域系数的粒化处理,通过逼近运算的方式,使神经网络模型快速趋于稳定。选取大数据特征调制信息,借助调制识别器元件控制大数据特征的导出方向,结合关联信道组织完成数据特征的多标合并处理。实验表明,利用该系统可将大数据的单位召回率提升至65%,能够促进主机元件对大数据的准确分类。

针刺治疗抑郁症的选穴特点及腧穴配伍规律

目的运用数据挖掘技术分析针刺治疗抑郁症的选穴特点和腧穴配伍规律。方法检索自建库以来至2021年7月的中文数据库有关针刺治疗抑郁症的文献,包括中国知网期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中国学术期刊数据库(万方数据)、中文科技期刊数据库(维普网)以及中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)。经筛选后形成针刺治疗抑郁症的处方数据库,并利用关联规则、聚类分析、复杂网络分析等实现数据挖掘以及可视化展示。结果针刺治疗抑郁症腧穴以百会应用频次最高;腧穴归经督脉使用频次最高;关联规则中以百会-印堂、太冲-百会和太冲-内关关联性最强。结论治疗抑郁症的针刺处方以多穴配伍为主,配伍原则为远近配穴、按部位配穴与按经脉配穴相结合,针刺核心处方的核心腧穴为百会、太冲、印堂、内关、三阴交、神门、四神聪、神庭。

放射性石墨处理技术综述

放射性石墨是核电活动中存在的一种特殊废物,在处理和处置上具有一定的挑战性,焚烧技术由于其优异的减容能力得到了研究者的青睐。本文重点从石墨燃烧原理、放射性核素行为、燃烧工艺参数、设备等方面对焚烧处理技术进行了分析,并比较了不同的放射性石墨处理技术,分析了各技术优缺点,对将来处理放射性石墨具有参考指导意义。

唾液腺显像半定量分析对^(131)I治疗分化型甲状腺癌患者后涎腺功能受损的预测评估及动态监测

目的:通过放射性核素显像半定量分析技术,对^(131)I治疗前后分化型甲状腺癌(differentiated thyroid carcinoma,DTC)患者的唾液腺功能进行评估,探讨唾液腺显像(salivary gland scintigraphy,SGS)半定量指标对唾液腺功能损害的预测价值,以期开发可早期预测唾液腺功能损伤的有效指标。方法:回顾性研究2020年-2022年于保定市第一中心医院核医学科DTC术后、首次^(131)I治疗术后患者72例及术后未进行^(131)I治疗术的患者40例,测定其治疗前后SGS其15 min摄取率(uptake rate at 15 minutes,UR15‰)、摄取指数(concentrate index,CI)、唾液腺排泌率(maximum secretion ratio,MSR%)、最小排泌时间(time interval from stimulation to minimum count,T_(min))等参数,填写调查口腔干燥症状评估量表(The Oral Dryness-Severity Scale,ODSS),分析半定量参数与唾液腺损伤的关系,并寻找预测唾液腺功能损伤的有效指标。结果:72例DTC术后进行^(131)I治疗术的患者的双侧腮腺CI,双侧颌下腺UR15‰、CI、T_(min)统计学均无显著性差异(P>0.05);双侧腮腺UR15%、MSR%、T_(min),双侧颌下腺MSR%统计学有明显差异(P<0.05),双侧腮腺ΔMSR%(r=-0.58)、ΔT_(min)(r=-0.42)及双侧颌下腺ΔMSR%(r=-0.45)、ΔT_(min)(r=-0.33)与唾液腺损伤呈负相关。结论:DTC术后行^(131)I治疗术的部分患者可能存在唾液腺功能损伤,唾液腺排泄功能损伤先于摄取功能损伤出现,MSR%和T_(min)降低可提示唾液腺排泄功能损伤,CI、UR15‰可能提示摄取功能损伤。