Benefits and drawbacks of radiofrequency ablation via percutaneous or minimally invasive surgery for treating hepatocellular carcinoma

The management of early stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)presents significant challenges.While radiofrequency ablation(RFA)has shown safety and effectiveness in treating HCC,with lower mortality rates and shorter hospital stays,its high recurrence rate remains a significant impediment.Consequently,achieving improved survival solely through RFA is challenging,particularly in retrospective studies with inherent biases.Ultrasound is commonly used for guiding percutaneous RFA,but its low contrast can lead to missed tumors and the risk of HCC recurrence.To enhance the efficiency of ultrasound-guided percutaneous RFA,various techniques such as artificial ascites and contrast-enhanced ultrasound have been developed to facilitate complete tumor ablation.Minimally invasive surgery(MIS)offers advantages over open surgery and has gained traction in various surgical fields.Recent studies suggest that laparoscopic intraoperative RFA(IORFA)may be more effective than percutaneous RFA in terms of survival for HCC patients unsuitable for surgery,highlighting its significance.Therefore,combining MIS-IORFA with these enhanced percutaneous RFA techniques may hold greater significance for HCC treatment using the MIS-IORFA approach.This article reviews liver resection and RFA in HCC treatment,comparing their merits and proposing a trajectory involving their combination in future therapy.

The latest research progress on minimally invasive treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma

Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.Due to the high prevalence of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in China,the incidence of HCC in China is high,and liver cirrhosis caused by chronic hepatitis also brings great challenges to treatment.This paper reviewed the latest research progress on minimally invasive treatments for HCC,including percutaneous thermal ablation and new nonthermal ablation techniques,and introduced the principles,advantages,and clinical applications of various therapeutic methods in detail.Data sources:The data of treatments for HCC were systematically collected from the Pub Med,Science Direct,American Chemical Society and Web of Science databases published in English,using“minimally invasive”and“hepatocellular carcinoma”or“liver cancer”as the keywords.Results:Percutaneous thermal ablation is still a first-line strategy for the minimally invasive treatment of HCC.The effect of microwave ablation(MWA)on downgrading treatment before liver transplantation is better than that of radiofrequency ablation(RFA),while RFA is more widely used in the clinical practice.High-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)is mainly used for the palliative treatment of advanced liver cancer.Electrochemotherapy(ECT)delivers chemotherapeutic drugs to the target cells while reducing the blood supply around HCC.Irreversible electroporation(IRE)uses a microsecond-pulsed electric field that induces apoptosis and necrosis and triggers a systemic immune response.The nanosecond pulsed electric field(ns PEF)has achieved a good response in the ablation of mice with HCC,but it has not been reported in China for the treatment of human HCC.Conclusions:A variety of minimally invasive treatments provide a sufficient survival advantage for HCC patients.Nonthermal ablation will lead to a new wave with its unique advantage of antitumor recurrence and metastasis.

Efficacy of minimally invasive therapies on unresectable pancreatic cancer

For patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer, current chemotherapies have negligible survival benefits. Thus, developing effective minimally invasive therapies is currently underway. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization plus radiofrequency ablation and/or 125 I radioactive seed implantation on unresectable pancreatic cancer. We analyzed the outcome of 71 patients with unresectable pancreatic carcinoma who underwent chemoembolization plus radiofrequency ablation and/or radioactive seed implantation. Of the 71 patients, the median survival was 11 months, and the 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival rates were 32.4%, 9.9%, and 6.6%, respectively. Patients who had no metastasis, who had oligonodular liver metastases (≤3 lesions), and who had multinodular liver metastases (>3 lesions) had median survival of 12, 18, and 8 months, respectively, and 1-year overall survival rates of 50.0%, 68.8% , and 5.7% , respectively. Although the survival of patients without liver metastases was worse than that of patients with oligonodular liver metastasis, the result was not significant (P = 0.239). In contrast, the metastasis-negative patients had significantly better survival than did patients with multinodular liver metastases (P<0.001). Patients with oligonodular liver lesions had a significanthg longer median survival than did patients with multinodular lesions (P<0.001). In conclusion, combined minimally invasive therapies had good efficacy on unresectable pancreatic cancer and resulted in a good control of liver metastases. In addition, the number of liver metastases was a significant factor in predicting prognosis and response to treatment.

Esophageal papilloma: Flexible endoscopic ablation by radiofrequency

Squamous papilloma of the esophagus is a rare benign lesion of the esophagus. Radiofrequency ablation is an established endoscopic technique for the eradication of Barrett esophagus. No cases of endoscopic ablation of esophageal papilloma by radiofrequency ablation(RFA) have been reported. We report a case of esophageal papilloma successfully treated with a single session of radiofrequency ablation. Endoscopic ablation of the lesion was achieved by radiofrequency using a new catheter inserted through the working channel of endoscope. The esophageal ablated tissue was removed by a specifically designed cup. Complete ablation was confirmed at 3 mo by endoscopy with biopsies. This case supports feasibility and safety of as a new potential indication for BarrxTM RFA in patients with esophageal papilloma.

日间手术模式下射频消融闭合术治疗下肢静脉曲张的疗效评价

目的探讨日间手术模式下射频消融(RFA)闭合术治疗下肢静脉曲张的临床疗效及安全性。方法收集2021年12月至2022年5月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收治的日间手术模式下治疗的101例大隐静脉曲张患者(112条肢体)的临床资料,按照手术方法的不同将患者分为高位结扎组(n=50)和RFA组(n=51)。比较两组患者围手术期相关指标、围手术期并发症发生率及术后3个月大隐静脉主干闭塞率。结果RFA组患者的术前禁食、禁水时间,手术时间,术后禁食、禁水时间,术后下床时间均短于高位结扎组患者,术中出血量少于高位结扎组患者,术中VAS评分高于高位结扎组患者,术后6 h VAS评分低于高位结扎组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3个月,RFA组患者的大隐静脉主干闭合率为98.2%(56/57),高位结扎组患者的大隐静脉主干闭合率为100%(55/55)。两组患者围手术期并发症的总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论RFA在日间手术模式下治疗下肢静脉曲张安全、有效,能够缩短术前禁食、禁水时间,手术时间,术后禁食、禁水时间,术后下床时间,减少术中出血量和术后疼痛程度,且不会增加围手术期相关并发症。

微创外科心房颤动消融的发展与现状

心房颤动(房颤)作为最常见的心律失常之一受到全球广泛关注,外科房颤射频消融普及的今天,微创射频技术更是受到青睐。本文主要从外科房颤消融的历史开始,介绍了微创外科房颤消融的技术路线、种类、安全性和有效性等方面,涵盖了包括全腔镜肺静脉隔离及脉冲电场(pulsed electric field,PEF)在内的新技术,总结了微创外科房颤消融的发展与现状。

低温等离子射频消融术与CO_(2)激光微创手术治疗喉癌患者对VHI及预后的影响

目的探讨低温等离子射频消融术与CO_(2)激光微创手术治疗喉癌患者对术后嗓音障碍指数(voice handicap index,VHI)及预后的影响。方法选取2017年6月至2021年6月威海市中心医院收治的86例喉癌患者,分为研究组(采用低温等离子射频消融术治疗)和对照组(采用CO_(2)激光微创手术治疗)。对照组男29例,女14例,年龄43~80(59.78±9.47)岁;研究组男27例,女16例,年龄39~79(58.85±8.99)岁。对比两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、术后VHI、术后1个月黏膜恢复情况以及术后复发率。采用t检验、χ^(2)检验。结果与对照组相比,研究组术中出血量少(t=8.205,P<0.001),手术时间较短(t=5.839,P<0.001)。术后1个月两组患者嗓音功能VHI评分均降低,且研究组低于对照组[(4.25±0.57)分比(6.85±1.04)分](t=14.376,P<0.001)。两组患者术后复发率对比,研究组低于对照组[4.65%(2/43)比20.93%(9/43)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.108,P=0.024)。研究组术后1个月黏膜恢复情况优于对照组(χ^(2)=4.074,P=0.044)。结论低温等离子射频消融术治疗喉癌患者手术用时短,出血量少,改善患者的嗓音,改善患者预后,值得推广。

Comparison of laparoscopic hepatectomy,percutaneous radiofrequency ablation and open hepatectomy in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective： Three mainstream techniques-laparoscopic hepatectomy （LH）, percutaneous radiofrequency ablation （pRFA）, and open hepatectomy （OH）--were compared in this study, in terms of their efficacies in the treat- ment of small hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. Methods： A comparative study was performed within a total of 94 patients diagnosed with small HCC in our hospital from 2005 to 2010, who underwent LH （28）, RFA （33）, or OH （33）. They had either a single tumor lesion of less than 5 cm or up to three nodules with diameters of less than 3 cm each. Outcomes were carefully evaluated throughout a 3-year follow-up interval and statistically interpreted. Results： The pRFA group had a significantly lower disease-free survival rate compared with the two surgical groups （P=0.001） and significantly shorter overall survival （P=-0.005）, while the LH group and the OH group had no difference in survival results. For patients younger than 60 years old, surgical approaches offered a better long-term overall survival prognosis （P=0.008）. There were no statistically significant differences among the three groups in overall survival for elderly patients （P=0.104）. Conclusions： Among patients with small HCC, LH may provide better curative effects than pRFA without increasing complication rates, pRFA leads to faster recurrence than surgical resections. LH has similar therapeutic effects to OH and causes less trauma. For patients younger than 60 years old, LH may be the best curative treatment. Elderly patients may choose either surgery or pRFA.

甲状腺肿瘤微创外科进展

甲状腺肿瘤的发病率逐年攀升,人们开始关注除根治外,如生活质量的重要性,传统的开放手术已无法满足所有病人的需求。近年来,腔镜、消融、机器人等各种微创手段不断创新蓬勃发展,可供选择的术式较多。笔者就如何根据病人的病情选择最合适的术式,制定个体化的诊疗方案,对甲状腺肿瘤微创外科的进展作介绍。

CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of spinal osteoid osteoma

Background This study evaluated the feasibility, efficacy and safety of CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in patients with spinal osteoid osteoma. Methods Two patients suffered spinal osteoid osteoma were treated with CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation under local anesthesia. Lesions located in sacral vertebrae and cervical vertebrae, which were adjacent to nerve root and spinal canal respectively. Tumors were treated under 90℃ radiofrequency temperature lasting 4 minutes by an electrode placement. Visual analog scale was used to evaluate the pain improvement. Results No complications were observed pre- and post-operation. Patients recovered to normal activities immediately and achieved complete pain relief in 24 hours. No symptoms were recurrent in 5 months and 4 months follow up. Mild scoliosis has been recovered in case 2. Conclusions CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of spinal osteoid osteoma is safe, effective and has more clinical benefits. The long-term outcome needs further observation.

优化射频消融术参数设置的离体猪肝实验研究

背景与目的:经皮射频消融术作为一种微创治疗手段,目前广泛应用于肝癌的治疗中。最初的射频技术只能在离体猪肝上取得1.4～1.6cm的消融直径,今经过多方面的改进,射频消融范围明显增大。射频消融范围是否足够、能否完全包围整个肿瘤是治疗成败的关键。本实验通过优化射频工作方式的研究,探讨能增大单针射频消融范围,同时能减少射频进针次数,从而降低针道转移机会,并提高小肝癌射频消融疗效的方法。方法:第一步采用方式A(起始功率为10W,每分钟步升10W)、B(起始功率为50W,每分钟步升10W)和C(起始功率为90W,持续至功率自动下降至10W),对经加工后的共22例离体圆柱形正常猪肝进行消融;第二步采用射频工作方式A,调整针尖到电极板距离分别为3、8和13cm,对22例离体圆柱形正常猪肝进行消融。比较各种参数设置下消融灶的特征(消融灶平衡径、垂直径、类圆率、消融体积、能量输出和消融时间等)。结果:采用方式A进行消融所得消融灶大小平均为2.5cm×2.7cm,比采用方式B和C进行消融时大(方式B、C的消融灶大小分别为1.6cm×1.8cm和2.0cm×1.5cm)。方式A的消融体积是10.0cm3,明显大于方式B和C(分别是3.1cm3和2.1cm3),而消融时间也明显延长(分别是281.9、79.4和61.4s),而且采用方式A消融时所得病灶比方式C更接近圆球形。消?

56例微创外科治疗单纯性心房颤动的临床经验

目的:总结56例微创外科手术治疗单纯性心房颤动(房颤)的临床经验。探讨该术式的安全性、高效性及微创外科治疗房颤的特点和优势。方法:自2006年12月至2007年9月,对56例单纯性房颤患者施行了胸腔镜辅助下心表双侧肺静脉隔离术。本组病例包括抗心律失常药物治疗无效或不能耐受药物及导管消融术后复发患者。手术切口包括每侧胸壁各2个1cm腔镜及器械入口,1个5cm手术操作切口。主要方法有双侧肺静脉分离和肺静脉与左心房间的射频消融隔离及左心耳切除。术中使用了WOLF分离器和ATRICURE双极射频消融夹,EZ45G软组织切割缝合器。结果:手术过程顺利,消融术后应用多导生理仪测试证明肺静脉电隔离完全。除14例术后在手术室行电复律外,其他病例术后均为窦性心律。手术时间(150±23)min,平均术中失血量80mL,无手术死亡。除2例患者因术后低血氧症再次气管插管和因术后急性左心功能不全行主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)辅助外,其余患者术后无严重并发症。术后平均住院天数(7.5±2.3)d。术后随访至6个月,无死亡及中风发生。术后窦性心律转复率:3个月81.3%;6个月90%。结论:本组手术证明微创外科手术治疗心房颤动具有经济、简单、创伤小、肺静脉隔离确切、安全性及有效性高等特点,应予以推广。

多点射频微创治疗三叉神经痛的临床研究

目的观察三叉神经干及外周支多点射频热凝术治疗三叉神经痛的临床疗效。方法选取确诊为三叉神经痛的患者180例,按照随机原则将所有入选患者分为治疗组60例,对照组Ⅰ60例,对照组Ⅱ60例。治疗组行三叉神经干及外周支多点射频热凝术治疗,对照组Ⅰ行单纯三叉神经半月节射频热凝治疗,对照组Ⅱ行三叉神经干及外周支封闭治疗,治疗后随访24个月,对3组疗效进行对比分析。结果治疗组、对照组Ⅰ与对照组Ⅱ的总有效率分别为100%、100%、60%,治疗组术后疼痛程度视觉模拟评分结果与对照组Ⅰ差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗组术后疼痛程度视觉模拟评分结果明显小于对照组Ⅱ,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组并发症比对照组Ⅰ少,治疗组与对照组Ⅰ在相同随访时间内复发率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论三叉神经干及外周支的多点射频热凝术治疗三叉神经痛疗效显著,微创,并发症少,复发率低,安全性高。

超声引导下微创治疗严重继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症

继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(secondary hyperparathyroidism,SHPT)是终末期肾脏病患者(endstage renal disease,ESRD)常见的并发症,表现为钙磷代谢紊乱、血清全段甲状旁腺素(intact parathyroid hormone,i PTH)分泌增多和甲状旁腺过度增生,可伴有心肺功能明显异常等,严重影响患者的生存质量及预后。目前药物不能控制的SHPT首选甲状旁腺切除术(parathyroidectomy,PTX)。随着医疗新技术的发展,超声引导下甲状旁腺微创操作(主要包括药物注射及热消融)逐渐成为SHPT的重要辅助治疗手段,其在局部麻醉下完成,创伤相对小,可以应用于因严重心肺功能不全等原因不能耐受或不愿行全身麻醉下外科手术的患者,但如何客观地评估其安全性和有效性、减少不良反应和严重并发症依然是临床值得关注的问题,该类技术的广泛应用和推广还有待多学科深入合作、不断改进操作细节,以及更多大样本、长期随访病例的报道和经验总结。本文对目前超声引导下微创治疗SHPT的方法、适应证及其疗效做一综述。

经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的近期疗效

目的探讨经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症(1umbar disc herniation,LDH)的近期疗效。方法对29例LDH患者采用经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术治疗。疗效按视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scales,VAS)进行评定。结果 29例患者术前VAS评分为(6.89±0.80)分,术后1 d VAS评分为(0.50±0.29)分。术后3 d VAS评分为(0.90±0.65)分、术后1周VAS评分为(1.05±0.70)分、术后3个月VAS评分为(0.90±0.60)分;术后1、3 d,1周及3个月的VAS评分值均较术前显著降低(均P<0.01)。结论经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术治疗LDH的近期疗效较好,是一种较理想的微创手术方法。

等离子射频联合臭氧髓核成形术治疗顽固性椎间盘源性腰痛的疗效观察

目的：探讨低温等离子复合臭氧髓核消融术治疗椎间盘源性腰痛的有效性与安全性。方法：选择微创手术治疗椎间盘源性腰痛患者80例，随机分为等离子射频联合臭氧髓核成形术组（ A组）和单纯等离子射频髓核成形术组（ B组）各40例，随访观察治疗效果。采用视觉模拟评分（ VAS）观察疼痛的变化，下腰痛日本骨科协会（ JOA）评分标准与改良Macnab评定系统评价术后临床效果。结果：所有患者髓核消融治疗均顺利完成，治疗期间无脊髓、神经根损伤、椎间隙感染等并发症。 A组患者术后3个月JOA评分及VAS评分均优于B组（P〈0.05~P〈0.01）。 A组术后3个月的临床效果与B组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：低温等离子射频复合臭氧消融术治疗椎间盘源性腰痛能达到较为满意的短期临床疗效，是一种安全有效的微创治疗方案。

单针灌注电极射频消融治疗肝脏肿瘤疗效分析

目的评价CT引导下单针灌注电极在肝脏肿瘤射频消融(RFA)治疗中的临床价值。方法 2008年1月-2008年12月,在CT引导下对24例患者37枚肝脏肿瘤采用RITAUniBlate射频电极进行RFA治疗,其中单个肿瘤者14例,2枚肿瘤者7例,3枚肿瘤者3例;肿瘤最大径≤3cm者24枚,3.1～5cm者8枚,>5cm者5枚;随访期12个月。结果治疗后完全消融肿瘤22枚(22/37,59.5%),其中病灶长径小于3cm者19枚(19/24,79.2%),3.1～5cm者2枚(2/8),大于5cm者1枚(1/5);未完全消融肿瘤15枚(15/37,40.5%)。随访12个月仍存活者15例(15/24,62.5%);死亡患者9例(9/24,病死率37.5%)。10例AFP阳性患者中,术后5例下降至正常水平,3例虽有下降但仍高于正常,2例持续升高。RFA治疗后1例患者肝脏包膜下少量出血;患者均有不同程度发热和上腹部疼痛。结论 CT引导下RITAUniBlate单针灌注电极RFA治疗创伤小、并发症发生率低,近期疗效确切,是肝脏肿瘤安全有效的局部治疗方法;对直径小于3cm的肿瘤1次消融有较高的完全消融率;对大于3cm的肿瘤,需行多点重叠消融并结合其他消融治疗方法以实现肿瘤病灶的完全消融。

微创技术在腮腺良性肿瘤区域性切除术中的应用

目的:探讨内镜及低温等离子射频消融在腮腺良性肿瘤切除术中应用的临床价值及相关技术。方法:收集临床病例38例,随机分为A、B 2组,A组应用改良耳屏切口作为入路,借助内镜在腮腺咬肌筋膜下分离建腔,并解剖面神经相关分支,采用低温等离子射频消融将肿瘤及部分腺体切除。B组采用传统术式。通过比较2组的手术时间、术后引流量,术后3个月的问卷调查,面神经功能评价内镜及射频消融在腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤手术中的应用价值。采用SPSS13.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:手术时间、术区疼痛程度、面神经功能在2组间无显著差异(P>0.05);而术后引流量、术区麻木程度、面部美观满意度在2组间有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:应用内镜辅助下低温等离子射频消融实施改良耳屏切口的腮腺良性肿瘤区域性切除安全可行,并发症低于传统术式,瘢痕隐蔽,达到了微创治疗的效果。

重视肿瘤射频消融治疗

射频消融是近年来发展的一种治疗恶性肿瘤的有效手段。随着影像学技术的发展,该方法已广泛应用于多种实体恶性肿瘤,如肝癌、肺癌、肾癌等。射频消融治疗肿瘤因具有创伤小、痛苦少、疗效确切、安全性高、并发症少、恢复快等优点,正越来越得到国内外专家的重视。

大肝癌的微创介入治疗

肝癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其中单个瘤体直径≥5 cm的肝癌被称为大肝癌。目前手术切除仍是治疗大肝癌的首选方法,但由于肝癌起病隐匿、进展迅速,大多数患者在初次确诊时已失去手术机会。经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)介入治疗是治疗中晚期肝癌的推荐治疗方法,然而单一的栓塞化疗很难获得肿瘤的完全坏死,常需要连续多次治疗,严重影响患者的预后。以RFA和MWA为代表的局部肿瘤消融术的肿瘤微创治疗技术,以其安全可靠、疗效显著,广泛应用于小肝癌的临床治疗。但对于大肝癌的治疗,消融联合TACE可以取得良好的疗效。目前,临床上逐步形成了以TACE术为基础的微创介入联合治疗新模式,已成为不能手术切除大肝癌的主要治疗方法。本文就TACE、局部肿瘤消融、TACE联合局部肿瘤消融和/或其它方法的治疗现状和发展趋势进行综述。