Clinical Study on the Treatment of 325 Cases of Atrioventricular Node Reentrant Tachycardia by Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation

In order to improve the efficacy of modified inferior method or middle method of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in the treatment of atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), the clinical data of 325 cases of AVNRT from March 1992 to Feb. 2000 being subjected to the treatment of RFCA were retrospectively analyzed. The results showed that the successful rate was increased and recurrence was decreased year by year. In the recent 4 years the effective rate was up to 100 %. The complication of three grade of AVB occurred in 3 % and recurrent rate in 9.1 % before March 1996, but both of them were zero in the last 3 years. The time of RFCA procedure and X ray exposure was significantly reduced. It was concluded that ablating more than 3 targets by modified inferior method or middle method with energy titrating and strict endpoint was the crux of obtaining satisfactory therapeutic effects and preventing recurrence.

Efficacy and safety of a novel multi-electrode radiofrequency ablation catheter for renal sympathetic denervation in pigs

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of a self-developed novel multi-electrode radiofrequency ablation catheter （Spark） for catheter-based renal denervation （RDN）. Methods A total of 14 experimental miniature pigs were randomly divided into four groups （55°＆ 5-watt, 55°＆ 8-watt, 65°＆ 5-watt, and 65° ＆ 8-watt groups）. Spark was used for left and right renal artery radiofrequency ablation. Blood samples collected from renal arteries and veins as well as renal arteriography were performed on all animals before, immediately after, and three months after procedure to evaluate the effects of Spark on the levels of plasma renin, aldosterone, angiotensin I, and angiotensin II as well as the pathological changes of renal arteries. Results One pig died of an anesthetic accident, 13 pigs successfully underwent the bilateral renal artery ablation. Compared with basic measurements, pigs in all the four groups had significantly decreased mean arterial pres- sure after procedure. Histopathological analysis showed that this procedure could result in intimal hyperplasia, significant peripheral sympa- thetic nerve damage in the renal arteries such as inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis in perineurium, uneven distribution of nerve fibers, tissue necrosis, severe vacuolization, fTagmented and unclear nucleoli myelin degeneration, sparse axons, and interruption of continuity. In addition, the renal artery radiofrequency ablation could significantly reduce the levels of plasma renin, aldosterone, angiotensin I, and angio- tensin II in pigs. Conclusions The results suggest that this type of multi-electrode catheter-based radiofrequency ablation could effectively remove peripheral renal sympathetic nerves and reduce the activity of systemic renin-angiotensin system in pigs, thus facilitating the control of systemic blood pressure in pigs.

Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial tachycardias related to myocardial scar or incision

Objectives Intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardias(IARTs)are common late after heart surgery.Conventional mapping and ablation is relatively difficult because of the complicated anatomy and multiple potential re-entry loops.In this study we aimed to evaluate the electrophysiological characteristics and radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia(AT)induced by myocardial scar or incision.Methods In 6 patients(three male and three female,aged 33.3±11.8 years)who had AT related to myocardial scar or incision, electrophysiological study and radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFCA)were performed.Earliest activation combined with entrain- ment mapping was adopted to determine a critical isthmus.Results Re-entry related to the lateral atriotomy scar was inducible in 5 of 6 patients.With entrainment mapping,the PPI(post-pacing interval)-TCL(tachycardia cycle length)difference was＜30 ms when pacing at the inferior margins of the right lateral atriotomy scar.Among them,3 patients had successful linear ablation between scar area to inferior vena cava,and 2 patients between scar area to tricuspid annulus.Re-entry involving an ASD patch was demonstrated in 1 of 6 patients.PPI-TCL differences＜30 ms were observed when entraining tachycardia at sites near the septal patch.But linear ablation failed in terminating AT.There was no complication during procedure.No recurrence of AT related to incision was observed during follow-up except for the failed patient.Conclusion Under conventional electrophysiological mapping,adopting linear ablation from scar area to anatomic barrier,successful ablation can be obtained in patients with IRATs related to myocardial scar or incision.

RADIOFREQUENCY CATHETER ABLATION OF PERMANENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION UNDER GUIDANCE OF CARTO-MERGE TECHNIQUE

Objective To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) to treat permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) under the guidance of Carto-Merge technique. Methods Fifteen male patients with permanent AF underwent RFCA under the guidance of Carto-Merge technique. The mean age was 54.00±10.44 years, and duration of AF was 23.66±14.93 months. Cardiac magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was performed to obtain pre-procedural three-dimensional (3D) images on the anatomy of left atrium (LA) and pulmonary veins (PVs) before RFCA procedure. Then the electroanatomical map was integrated with 3D images of MRA to form Carto-Merge map that guided step-by-step ablation strategy of permanent AF. Circumferential PV ablation was performed first until complete PVs electric isolation confirmed by Lasso catheter. If AF was not terminated, lesion lines on roof of LA, mitral isthmus, and tricuspid isthmus were produced. Results The episodes of AF were terminated during RFCA in 2 patients, by direct current cardioversion in the remaining 13 patients. Transient AF occurred in 2 patients after ablation on 1st day and 1st week respectively, AF terminated spontaneously not long after taking metoprolol. One patient developed persistent atrial flutter (AFL) in 2 months after procedure and AFL was eliminated by the second ablation. Persistent AF recurred on 1st day, 1st and 5th week respectively in 3 patients, and did not terminate after 3 months even though amiodarone was given. The remaining 12 patients were all free of AF during 2-11 months of follow-up. The recent success rate for RFCA of permanent AF was 80%. Conclusions Carto-Merge technique can effectively guide RFCA of permanent AF. When combined with single Lasso mapping, it can simplify the mapping, lower expenses, and enhance the success rate of RFCA of permanent AF.

The correlation between MFAP4 and recurrence and clinical outcome of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency catheter ablation

Objective:To investigate the correlation between Microfibrillar-associated protein 4(MFAP4)and recurrence and clinical outcome of atrial fibrillation(AF)after radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFCA).Methods:A total of 101 patients with AF admitted to our department from December 2018 to January 2020 were treated with RFCA.The average follow-up period was(11.91±0.38)months.They were divided into recurrence group and non-recurrence group according to whether they had recurrence of AF.The levels of MFAP4,transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),cardiac ultrasound indexes,body mass index(BMI)and major cardio-cerebral vascular events were compared between the two groups.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to analyze the predictive value of MFAP4 for recurrence of AF after RFCA.Results:The levels of MFAP4,TGF-β1,left atrial diameter(LAD)and BMI in the recurrent group were higher than those in the non-recurrent group(P<0.05).The left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)in the recurrent group was lower than that in the non-recurrent group(P<0.05).The levels of MFAP4,TGF-β1 and LAD in the patients of recurrent paroxysmal AF and persistent AF after RFCA were higher than those in the respective non-recurrent patients(P<0.05).MFAP4 was positively correlated with TGF-β1 and LAD(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that MFAP4,TGF-β1,and LAD were independent risk factors for recurrence of AF after RFCA.The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve of MFAP4 for predicting recurrence of AF after RFCA was 0.888(P=0.000),and the optimal cut-off value was 19.295ng/ml,with a sensitivity of 77.3%and a specificity of 77.2%.The incidence of readmission and total adverse events in recurrence group was significantly higher than that in non-recurrence group(P<0.05).Conclusions:MFAP4 was significantly increased in patients with recurrence after RFCA of AF,which was one of the independent risk factors for recurrence after RFCA of AF,and had certain clinical application value.

Delayed papillary muscle rupture after radiofrequency catheter ablation: A case report

BACKGROUND With an increased number of surgical procedures involving the mitral annular region,the risk of mitral valve prolapse(MVP)has also increased.Previous studies have reported that worsening of MVP occurred early after radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFCA)at papillary muscles in ventricular tachycardia(VT)patients with preoperative MVP.CASE SUMMARY We report a case where MVP and papillary muscle rupture occurred 2 wk after RFCA in a papillary muscle originated VT patient without mitral valve regurgitation or prolapse before.The patient then underwent mitral valve replacement with no premature ventricular contraction or VT.During the surgery,a papillary muscle rupture was identified.Pathological examination showed necrosis of the papillary muscle.The patient recovered after mitral valve replacement.CONCLUSION Too many ablation procedures and energy should be avoided.

Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation Of Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of inappropriate sinustachycardia and the safety,effectiveness on radiofrequency catheterablation of it.Methods:Radiofrequency catheter ablation wasperformed on a 52-year-old female patient and changes in Holter,heart rate variability,intrinsic heart rate and syndromes were comparedbetween before and after radiofrequeney catheter ablation.Results:The inappropriate sinus tachycardia could not be induced and terminatedby atrial program electric stimulation and burst stimulation,whichsuggests that the mechanism of inappropriate sinus tachycardia isreentry.After radiofrequency catheter ablation,the total heart beatsdecreased from 173490 to 129172 times,the lowest heart rate did from79 to 71 bpm,the highest heart rate from 200 to 122 bpm,the averageheart rate from 117 to 90 bpm,and intrinsic heart rate from 166 to 93Variables of heart rate variability varied too.PNN50 increased from O to11,RMSSD did from 8 to 35.However,LF/HF ratio decreased from12.23 to 0.86.Transesophageal eleetrophysiologic studies demonstratethat sinoatrial node function is normal after radioflequency catheterablation.The patient has been followed up for six months,she has beenbeing free of palpitation,chest distress and dizziness,etc.Conclusion:The inappropriate sinus tachycardia could be due to abnormal sinoatrialnodal automaticity resulting from excessive sympathetic nerve influencesor deficient vagal nerve influences and modification of sinus node withradiofrequency catheter ablation is a safe,effective method for thetreatment of inappropriate sinus tacbycardia.

Needle track seeding:A real hazard after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for colorectal liver metastasis

Neoplastic needle track seeding following percutaneous radiofrequency ablation(RFA)of secondary liver tumors is exceedingly rare.Reports on cutaneous tumor seeding after percutaneous RFA for colorectal liver metastasis are even rarer in the literature.Here we report a case of a 46-year-old female who developed an ulcerating skin lesion along the needle track of a previous percutaneous RFA site around 6 mo after the procedure.The previous RFA was performed by the LeVeen needle for a secondary liver tumor from a primary rectal cancer.The diagnosis of secondary skin metastasis was confirmed by fine needle aspiration cytology.The lesion was successfully treated with wide local excision.We believe that tumor seeding after percutaneous RFA in our patient was possibly related to its unfavorable subcapsular location and the use of an expansion-type needle.Hence,prophylactic ablation of the needle track should be performed whenever possible.Otherwise,alternative routes of tumor ablation such as laparoscopic or open RFA should be considered.

Catheter ablation of premature ventricular complexes associated with false tendons: A case report

BACKGROUND False tendon is a common intraventricular anatomical variation. It refers to a fibroid or fibromuscular structure that exists in the ventricle besides the normal connection of papillary muscle and mitral or tricuspid valve. A large number of clinical studies have suggested that there is a significant correlation between false tendons and premature ventricular complexes. However, few studies have verified this correlation during radiofrequency catheter ablation of premature ventricular complexes.CASE SUMMARY A 45-year-old male was admitted to receive radiofrequency ablation for symptomatic premature ventricular complexes. A three-dimensional model of the left ventricle was established by intracardiac echocardiography using the CartoSound^TM mapping system. In addition to the left anterior papillary muscle,the posterior papillary muscle was mapped. False tendons were found at the base of the interventricular septum, and the other end was connected to the left ventricular free wall near the apex. An irrigated touch force catheter was advanced into the left ventricle via the retrograde approach. The earliest activation site was marked at the interventricular septum attachment of the false tendons and was successfully ablated.CONCLUSION This case verified that false tendons can cause premature ventricular complexes and may be cured by radiofrequency ablation guided by intracardiac echocardiography with the Carto Sound TM system.

Design and Baseline Patient Characteristics of the Prospective, Observational, Multicenter and Multinational Cohort Study Comparing Radiofrequency with Cryoablation for Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation—The Freeze Cohort Study

Aims: The FREEZE-cohort study (NCT 01360008) is a prospective observational, multicenter and multinational study to evaluate safety and effectiveness of cryoballoon ablation for pulmonary vein isolation as compared to radiofrequency ablation in patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation (lasting < one year) under the conditions of clinical routine. Methods and Results: The study started in 2011 and anticipates inclusion up to 2000 patients in each of the two treatment groups. A total of 37 centers from 8 countries worldwide, all experienced in at least one of the two ablation techniques, participate in the study. The primary outcome parameter of the study is defined as atrial fibrillation recurrence rate during twelve months of follow-up. Secondary outcome parameters include primary success rates, complication rates in general, specific complications with respect to phrenic nerve palsy and pulmonary vein stenosis, radiation exposure, clinical course including death and repeat ablation. Finally specific procedural aspects will be evaluated in a descriptive manner. Preliminary data of the first 1882 patients show that in clinical practice cryoablation is preferentially performed in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, whereas application of radiofrequency ablation is equally distributed between patients with persistent and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Conclusion: Based on multi-center and multi-national data the FREEZE-cohort study will provide important information on long-term efficacy, clinical effectiveness, complication rates and procedural differences between atrial fibrillation patients treated with either cryoablation or radiofrequency ablation.

Radiofrequency ablation of atrial tachycardia in patients with repaired atrial septal defect

Objective:To evaluate the electrophysiological characteristics and radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia (AT) in patients with repaired atrial septal defects(ASD). Methods: In 76 consecutive patients with AT who underwent the electrophysiological study and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). 4 patients (one male and three female aged 35. 5±11. 5 years) had AT-related myocardial scar or incision. Earliest activation combined with entrainment mapping was adopted to determine a critical isthmus. Results: Re-entry related to the lateral atriotomy scar was inducible in 3 of 4 patients. With en-trainment mapping, the PPI-TCL difference was <30 ms when pacing at the inferior margins of the right lateral atriotomy scar. Among them, 2 patients had successful linear ablation between scar area to inferior vena cava, and 1 patient between scar areas to tricuspid annulus. Re-entry involving an ASD patch was demonstrated in 1 of 4 patients. PPI-TCL differences <30 ms were found when entraining tachycardia at sites near the septal patch. But linear ablation failed in terminating AT. There was no complication during procedure. No recurrence of incision-related AT was found during follow-up except for the failed patient. Conclusion: Under conventional electrophysiological mapping, adopting linear ablation from scar area to anatomic barrier, successful ablation also can be obtained in patients with IRAT related to myocardial scar or incision.

Role of catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia associated with structural heart disease

In patients with structural heart disease, ventricular tachycardia (VT) worsens the clinical condition and may severely affect the shortand long-term prognosis. Several therapeutic options can be considered for the management of this arrhythmia. Among others, catheter ablation, a closed-chest therapy, can prevent arrhythmia recurrences by abolishing the arrhythmogenic substrate. Over the last two decades, different techniques have been developed for an effective approach to both tolerated and untolerated VTs. The clinical outcome of patients undergoing ablation has been evaluated in multiple studies. This editorial gives an overview of the role, methodology, clinical outcome and innovative approaches in catheter ablation of VT.

The Experience of Radiofrequency Ablation for Treatment of Multiple Accessory Pathways

Objective To analyse retrospectively the experience of radiofrequency ablation for successful treatment of multiple accessory pathways (APS). Methods 150 patients with supraventricu-lar tachycardia related to APS have undergone radiofrequency ablation since 1994; the data was analysed. Results 8 patients with multiple APS were cured, 4 patients could be diagnosed to have multiple APS during electrophysiologic study (EPS) before ablation, and in the remaining 4 patients the multiple APS could only be diagnosed after successful ablation of one AP. Conclusion right - sided multiple APS are sometimes very difficult to treat by ablation, because there are no standard reference electrograms for bracketing the earliest site. Mapping area should be broader rather than limited by preestablished idea.

HRV changes before and after radiofrequency ablation in patients with different origin of right ventricular outflow tract ventricular premature contraction

Objective:To observe the HRV changes before and after the radiofrequency current catheter ablationventricular premature beats originated from different site of right ventricular outflow tract.Methods:A total of 102 patients with frequent RVOT-VPC admitted to our hospital were accepted radiofrequency current catheter ablation (RF). According to the origin of RVOT-VPC, it was divided into 2 groups, one is from ventricular septum, and the other one is from free wall, and in each group, male and female are observed separately.Results:(1) HRV before RF ablation: 1) rMSSD in the female patients with RVOT-VPC from free wall was significantly lower than those from septum;2) frequency domain index (W, LF) were higher than normal range, and in male patients, LF/HF<1 were found, but in female patients, LF/HF>1. (2) HRV after RF ablation: 1) Significant changes were found in female patients with RVOT-VPC from septum, rMSSD, PNN50, HF and LF decreased;2) In female patients with RVOT-VPC from free wall, rMSSD decreased;3) In male patients, there were no significant HRV changes found before and after RF ablation. (3) Heart rate changes: 1) In female patients with RVOT-VPC from septum, heart rate decreased significantly ((76.47±9.47) bpm vs (69.29±14.59) bpm)2) No significant changes were found in male patients.Conclusion:In patients with RVOT-PVC sympathetic and vagus excitability increased, and after catheter ablation, in female patients with RVOT-PVC originated from septum, the HRV index relating to sympathetic and vagus excitability significantly decreased.

老年心房颤动患者导管射频消融术后复发现状及其影响因素

目的研究老年心房颤动(AF)患者导管射频消融术(RFCA)后复发现状及其影响因素。方法选取2019年1月至2019年12月上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院接受RFCA治疗的794例AF患者为样本开展研究,术后采用24 h动态心电图随访1年,根据是否复发将患者分为复发组和对照组,分析术后复发危险因素,建立logistic回归模型并评估其预测价值。采用SPSS 23.0软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型,组间比较分别采用t检验及χ^(2)检验。采用多因素logistic回归分析研究老年AF患者RFCA术后复发的影响因素。结果794例患者失访8例(1.01%),完成随访的786例患者中复发104例(15.25%)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄(OR=1.113,95%CI 1.041~1.190)、糖尿病(OR=1.697,95%CI 1.018~2.831)、左房内径(LAD;OR=1.135,95%CI 1.025~1.257)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C;OR=1.229,95%CI 1.044~1.446)以及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP;OR=1.096,95%CI 1.004~1.197)为老年AF患者RFCA术后复发独立危险因素(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析结果显示:根据logistic回归模型预测AF患者RFCA术后复发风险的ROC曲线下面积为0.939(95%CI 0.885~0.973;P<0.001),Hosmer-Lemeshow检验显示预测值与实际观测值具有良好一致性(χ^(2)=1.279;P=0.461)。结论老年AF患者RFCA术后复发率较高,其中年龄、糖尿病、LAD、LDL-C和hs-CRP是术后复发的独立危险因素,根据上述因素建立的logistic回归模型对预测复发具有良好参考价值。

特发性室性早搏经射频消融后自主神经系统活性的变化

目的射频导管消融术(RFCA)是特发性室性早搏(IPVC)的标准治疗方法。本研究旨在确定低、中、高负荷量的患者在RFCA术前术后的自主神经系统(ANS)活动。方法回顾性分析2017年6月至2021年3月共200例特发性室性早搏行射频消融手术的患者。在200例患者中,179例(89.5%)手术消融成功。将消融成功的患者分为低负荷组(负荷量≤15%)、中负荷组(负荷量15%~25%)和高负荷组(负荷量≥25%)。评估不同负荷和不同消融部位患者的临床数据、心率变异性(HRV)各参数、窦性心率震荡(HRT)及心率减速力(DC)。结果高负荷组的平均心率、5 min均值标准差(SDANN)、正常RR间期标准差(SDNN)、正常RR间期标准差(SDNN)指数、逐次R-R区间差异均方根(rMSSD)、相邻RR间期差值超过50 ms的RR间期所占百分数(pNN50)高于低负荷组,而低频功率(LF)/高频功率(HF)之比低于低负荷组。消融后,SDNN、SDNN指数、SDANN、rMSSD、pNN50、震荡斜率(TS)和DC显著降低(P<0.01),LF/HF和震荡初始(TO)显著升高(P<0.01)。术前早搏负荷与左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、平均心率、SDNN指数、SDANN、rMSSD、pNN50呈正相关,与总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、LF/HF呈负相关。回归分析显示,特发性室性早搏负荷与平均心率(P<0.01)、SDANN(P<0.01)和rMSSD(P<0.01)呈正相关。结论随特发性室性早搏负荷增加,交感神经和迷走神经活动增强,并以交感神经活性增强为主。特发性室性早搏的发生可能与自主神经平衡调节受损有关。射频消融术可降低交感神经和迷走神经活性。

仑伐替尼辅助TACE序贯射频消融治疗乙肝合并晚期肝癌的疗效影响

目的:研究仑伐替尼辅助肝动脉导管化疗栓塞(Transcatheter arterial chemoembolizstion,TACE)序贯射频消融治疗乙肝合并晚期肝癌的疗效影响。方法:以2019年4月至2022年4月我院收治的66例乙肝合并晚期肝癌患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各33例。对照组采用TACE序贯射频消治疗,观察组采用仑伐替尼辅助TACE序贯射频消融治疗。治疗前、治疗6 w后比较两组临床疗效、采用全自动生化分析仪测定丙氨酸转氨酶(Alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(Aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、总胆红素(Total bilirubin,TBIL);以酶联免疫吸附法(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(Basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)、血管内皮生长因子(Vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、血管生成素-2(Angiopoietin-2,Ang-2)、以及放射免疫法测定血清低氧诱导因子1α(Hypoxiainduciblefactor1α,HIF-1α)水平;以采用ELISA测定血清胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶8(Cysteine-containing aspartate-specific proteases8,Caspase8)、可溶性细胞凋亡因子(Soluble factor-related apoptosis,sFas)水平;比较两组不良反应。结果:观察组临床总有效率81.82%(27/33)高于对照组57.58%(19/33)(P<0.05);与治疗前相比,各治疗组的ALT、AST、TBIL水平均明显降低(P<0.05),其中观察组更为显著(P<0.05);与治疗前相比,各治疗组的血清bFGF、HIF-1α、VEGF、Ang-2水平均明显降低(P<0.05),其中观察组更为显著(P<0.05);与治疗前相比,各治疗组的血清Caspase8水平较高,sFas水平较低(P<0.05),其中观察组更为显著(P<0.05);观察组不良反应总发生率18.18%(6/33)与对照组12.12%(4/33)相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:仑伐替尼辅助TACE序贯射频消融治疗乙肝合并晚期肝癌患者可进一步提升疗效,改善肝功能,调节血管内皮生长因子及凋亡因子水平,且安全可行。

QDOT MICRO^(TM)导管两种模式与传统导管功率控制模式对消融损伤灶影响的对比研究

目的探讨QDOT MICRO^(TM)(QDOT)导管两种模式消融效果的安全性,以及与传统导管功率控制(PC)模式相比不同参数设置对消融创痕的影响。方法应用新鲜离体猪心,比较QDOT导管的温度/流速控制(TFC)模式与THERMOCOOL SMARTTOUCHTM SF(STSF)导管的PC模式在不同消融指数(AI,400、500)分组下的创痕大小和安全性。同时评估QDOT导管的超高功率短时程消融模式(vHPSD)和TFC模式在不同接触压力(5、15和30 g)和不同贴靠角度(0°、45°和90°)分组下的创痕大小和安全性,并对比两种模式在不同消融间距(4 mm和6 mm)分组下创痕的均匀性、连续性和安全性。结果在AI相同时,TFC与PC模式所产生的创痕的深度、表面宽度、最大横径以及体积的差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。与目标AI为400时TFC模式相比,vHPSD模式所产生创痕的表面宽度和最大横径的差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05),但vHPSD模式产生的创痕更浅[(1.95±0.38)mm比(2.72±0.31)mm,P<0.001]、体积更小[(30.35±11.34)mm^(3)比(48.78±19.82)mm^(3),P=0.040]。接触压力对创痕情况影响不显著,各参数差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。各组创痕表面宽度均在贴靠角度90°时最小,且在目标AI为500的TFC模式组不同贴靠角度导致的创痕表面宽度差异有统计学意义(P=0.027)。此外,消融间距为4 mm时,vHPSD模式和TFC模式均能产生均匀且连续的线状创痕;消融间距为6 mm时,vHPSD模式和目标AI为400的TFC模式组所产生的创痕均不连续,而目标AI为500的TFC模式组产生的创痕具有良好的连续性。应用QDOT导管和STSF导管消融均未产生气爆和焦痂。结论在AI相同时,QDOT导管的TFC模式与STSF导管的PC模式消融效果相似。与TFC模式相比,vHPSD模式产生的创痕深度更浅,体积更小。QDOT导管的TFC模式和vHPSD模式安全性均较高。

尼非卡兰在心房颤动中的应用进展

心房颤动是最常见的心律失常之一,与卒中等密切相关。恢复窦性心律对心房颤动管理尤其重要,临床常用的复律手段包括药物复律、电复律及射频导管消融或联合使用等。胺碘酮是最常用的抗心律失常药,但其可引起多种心外副作用,临床应用受限。尼非卡兰是一种纯钾通道阻滞剂,主要用于室性心律失常,近年来相关研究发现尼非卡兰对心房颤动也具有较好的疗效,但应用较少。现总结已有临床经验,以更好地指导尼非卡兰在心房颤动中的应用。