Objective:To explore the effect of black radish(Raphanus sativus L.var niger)root extract on liver enzymes,oxidative stress,and histopathological alterations in mice with sodium valproate-induced hepatotoxicity.Method...Objective:To explore the effect of black radish(Raphanus sativus L.var niger)root extract on liver enzymes,oxidative stress,and histopathological alterations in mice with sodium valproate-induced hepatotoxicity.Methods:Thirty-two mice were divided into four groups:the control group received drinking water by gavage,the second group was administered with 100 mg/kg of sodium valproate,the third group received 300 mg/kg of black radish root extract,and the fourth group was given both sodium valproate(100 mg/kg)and black radish root extract(300 mg/kg).After 28 days,the mice were euthanized,and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and alkaline phosphatase(ALP),along with liver malondialdehyde(MDA),reactive oxygen species(ROS),mitochondrial parameters,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)gene expression,and histopathological changes were assessed.Results:Sodium valproate caused hepatic damage in mice,characterized by elevated serum levels of liver enzymes,increased MDA and ROS levels and TNF-αgene expression,as well as histopathological alterations.The black radish root extract significantly alleviated sodium valproate-caused hepatic injury by decreasing the serum levels of ALT and AST,MDA,ROS,TNF-αgene expression,as well as mitochondrial impairment,but did not have a significant effect on sodium valproate-induced histopathological changes.Conclusions:The black radish root extract demonstrates protective effects against sodium valproate-induced liver injury,possibly through mitigating oxidative stress,mitochondrial impairment,and inflammatory mediator expression.展开更多
Virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein(CRISPR/Cas)systems are effective technologies for rapid and accurate gene function verification...Virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein(CRISPR/Cas)systems are effective technologies for rapid and accurate gene function verification in modern plant biotechnology.However,the investigation of gene silencing and editing in radish remains limited.In this study,a bleaching phenotype was generated through the knockdown of RsPDS using tobacco rattle virus(TRV)-and turnip yellow mosaic virus(TYMV)-mediated gene silencing vectors.The TYMV-mediated gene silencing efficiency was higher than the TRV-based VIGS system in radish.The expression level of RsPDS was significantly inhibited using VIGS in'NAU-067'radish leaves.The rootless seedlings of‘NAU-067'were infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes using the 2300GN-Ubi-RsPDS-Cas9 vector with two target sequences.Nine adventitious roots were blue with GUs staining,and four of these adventitious roots were edited at target sequence 1 of the RsPDS gene as indicated by Sanger sequencing.Furthermore,albino lines were generated with A.tumefaciens-mediated transformation of radish cotyledons.Five base substitutions and three base deletions occurred at target sequence 2 in Line 1,and three base insertions and three base substitutions occurred at target sequence 1 in Line 2.This study shows that VIGS and CRISPR/Cas9 techniques can be employed to precisely verify the biological functions of genes in radish,which will facilitate the genetic improvement of vital horticultural traits in radish breeding programs.展开更多
Downy mildew (DM), caused by the fungus Peronospora parasitica, is a destructive disease of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) worldwide. Host resistance has been considered as an attractive and environmentally friendly...Downy mildew (DM), caused by the fungus Peronospora parasitica, is a destructive disease of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) worldwide. Host resistance has been considered as an attractive and environmentally friendly approach to control the disease. However, the genetic mechanisms of resistance in radish to the pathogen remain unknown. To determine the inheritance of resistance to DM, F1, F2 and BC1F1 populations derived from reciprocal crosses between a resistant line NAU-dhp08 and a susceptible line NAU-qtbjq-06 were evaluated for their responses to DM at seedling stage. All F1 hybrid plants showed high resistance to DM and maternal effect was not detected. The segregation for resistant to susceptible individuals statistically iftted a 3:1 ratio in two F2 populations (F2(SR) and F2(RS)), and 1:1 ratio in two BC1F1 populations, indicating that resistance to DM at seedling stage in radish was controlled by a single dominant locus designated as RsDmR. A total of 1 972 primer pairs (1 036 SRAP, 628 RAPD, 126 RGA, 110 EST-SSR and 72 ISSR) were screened, and 36 were polymorphic between the resistant and susceptible bulks, and consequently used for genotyping individuals in the F2 population. Three markers (Em9/ga24370, NAUISSR826700 and Me7/em10400) linked to the RsDmR locus within a 10.0 cM distance were identiifed using bulked segregant analysis (BSA). The SRAP marker Em9/ga24370 was the most tightly linked one with a distance of 2.3 cM to RsDmR. These markers tightly linked to the RsDmR locus would facilitate marker-assisted selection and resistance gene pyramiding in radish breeding programs.展开更多
The main goal of this research study was to establish the physicochemical characteristics of sewage sludge, and the nutrients needed to enhance the properties of soil with a view to exploiting were potential for agric...The main goal of this research study was to establish the physicochemical characteristics of sewage sludge, and the nutrients needed to enhance the properties of soil with a view to exploiting were potential for agriculture. The example used was the cultivation of radish (Raphanus sativus). The findings are intended as a contribution towards making agriculture sustainable. This study was carried out to assess the response of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) to doses of sewage sludge applied in medium texture soils, and the socioeconomic contributions that such cultivation of radish would make. Levels of 0.25 and 75 ton/ha of sewage sludge plus the equivalent dose of 25 ton/ha of sewage sludge vermin compost by California Red were used after making a randomized experimental design with three replicates. 30 days after sowing radish seeds, the following data were collected: the number of leaves per plant (NLP);plant height (PH in cm);root diameter (RD) and tubercle production (TP ton/ha). In addition, the pH, EC-electric conductivity (EC), and soil organic matter (SOM) were determined. Statistical analysis showed that 25 and 50 tons/ha gave the best results for the parameters assessed. The estimated increase in family mean income from selling radish crops fertilized with sewage sludge is around 17%.展开更多
In the paper, the full length cDNA of RsMF2 gene, homologous with the BcMF2 gene encoding pollen-specificpolygalacturonase of Chinese cabbage-pak-choi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino) was cloned from Rap...In the paper, the full length cDNA of RsMF2 gene, homologous with the BcMF2 gene encoding pollen-specificpolygalacturonase of Chinese cabbage-pak-choi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino) was cloned from Raphanussativus L. cv. Yuanbai by PCR, with a pair of primer designed according to the coding sequence of BcMF2. The largestopening reading frame of RsMF2 gene is 1 266 bp in length and encodes a protein of 421 amino acids with a predictedmolecular mass of 43.9 kDa. Sequence analysis revealed that it has three potential N-glycosylation sites and onepolygalacturonase active position (RVTCGPGHGLSVGS). And the first 32 amino acids of the predicted RsMF2 proteinform a N-terminal hydrophobic domain which displays the properties of a signal peptide. The predicted secondarystructure composition for the protein has 6.9% helix, 42.0% sheet and 51.1% loop. Four domains which are highly conservedin the whole plant and fungal PGs is present in RsMF2. Phylogenetic analysis showed that RsMF2 falls into the categoryof clade-C, which includes PGs related to pollen. These results indicate that RsMF2 may act as polygalacturonase relatedto pollen development.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to analyze the Raphanus sativus L.medicinal materials from different origins and batches in Guizhou Province to explore its quality standards.[Methods]The plant morphology,material...[Objectives]This study was conducted to analyze the Raphanus sativus L.medicinal materials from different origins and batches in Guizhou Province to explore its quality standards.[Methods]The plant morphology,material shape and microscopic characteristics of R.sativus were identified;and qualitative identification was performed by the TLC method.[Results]The plant morphology,material shape and microscopic characteristics of the R.sativus medicinal materials were described;and the TLC identification method of the R.sativus medicinal materials was established,with clear spots,good separation,and good specificity.[Conclusions]The method is accurate,simple,highly sensitive,interference-free,has good reproducibility,and can be used as a data support for the formulation of quality standards for R.sativus medicinal materials.展开更多
基金supported by a research grant(No.6211)from Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences,Shahrekord,Iran.
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of black radish(Raphanus sativus L.var niger)root extract on liver enzymes,oxidative stress,and histopathological alterations in mice with sodium valproate-induced hepatotoxicity.Methods:Thirty-two mice were divided into four groups:the control group received drinking water by gavage,the second group was administered with 100 mg/kg of sodium valproate,the third group received 300 mg/kg of black radish root extract,and the fourth group was given both sodium valproate(100 mg/kg)and black radish root extract(300 mg/kg).After 28 days,the mice were euthanized,and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and alkaline phosphatase(ALP),along with liver malondialdehyde(MDA),reactive oxygen species(ROS),mitochondrial parameters,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)gene expression,and histopathological changes were assessed.Results:Sodium valproate caused hepatic damage in mice,characterized by elevated serum levels of liver enzymes,increased MDA and ROS levels and TNF-αgene expression,as well as histopathological alterations.The black radish root extract significantly alleviated sodium valproate-caused hepatic injury by decreasing the serum levels of ALT and AST,MDA,ROS,TNF-αgene expression,as well as mitochondrial impairment,but did not have a significant effect on sodium valproate-induced histopathological changes.Conclusions:The black radish root extract demonstrates protective effects against sodium valproate-induced liver injury,possibly through mitigating oxidative stress,mitochondrial impairment,and inflammatory mediator expression.
基金This work was supported by Jiangsu Seed Industry Revitalization Project,China[JBGS(2021)071]Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(YDZX2023019)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172579)the earmarked fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System,China[JATS(2023)421]the Jiangsu Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Plan,China(KYCX21_0610-2021)the Project Founded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(PAPD).
文摘Virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein(CRISPR/Cas)systems are effective technologies for rapid and accurate gene function verification in modern plant biotechnology.However,the investigation of gene silencing and editing in radish remains limited.In this study,a bleaching phenotype was generated through the knockdown of RsPDS using tobacco rattle virus(TRV)-and turnip yellow mosaic virus(TYMV)-mediated gene silencing vectors.The TYMV-mediated gene silencing efficiency was higher than the TRV-based VIGS system in radish.The expression level of RsPDS was significantly inhibited using VIGS in'NAU-067'radish leaves.The rootless seedlings of‘NAU-067'were infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes using the 2300GN-Ubi-RsPDS-Cas9 vector with two target sequences.Nine adventitious roots were blue with GUs staining,and four of these adventitious roots were edited at target sequence 1 of the RsPDS gene as indicated by Sanger sequencing.Furthermore,albino lines were generated with A.tumefaciens-mediated transformation of radish cotyledons.Five base substitutions and three base deletions occurred at target sequence 2 in Line 1,and three base insertions and three base substitutions occurred at target sequence 1 in Line 2.This study shows that VIGS and CRISPR/Cas9 techniques can be employed to precisely verify the biological functions of genes in radish,which will facilitate the genetic improvement of vital horticultural traits in radish breeding programs.
基金in part supported by grants from the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2012BAD02B01)the Key Technology R&D Program of Jiangsu Province, China (BE2013429)+1 种基金Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund (JASTIF,CX(12) 2006,(13)2007],NAUNKL-ZW2009007the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
文摘Downy mildew (DM), caused by the fungus Peronospora parasitica, is a destructive disease of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) worldwide. Host resistance has been considered as an attractive and environmentally friendly approach to control the disease. However, the genetic mechanisms of resistance in radish to the pathogen remain unknown. To determine the inheritance of resistance to DM, F1, F2 and BC1F1 populations derived from reciprocal crosses between a resistant line NAU-dhp08 and a susceptible line NAU-qtbjq-06 were evaluated for their responses to DM at seedling stage. All F1 hybrid plants showed high resistance to DM and maternal effect was not detected. The segregation for resistant to susceptible individuals statistically iftted a 3:1 ratio in two F2 populations (F2(SR) and F2(RS)), and 1:1 ratio in two BC1F1 populations, indicating that resistance to DM at seedling stage in radish was controlled by a single dominant locus designated as RsDmR. A total of 1 972 primer pairs (1 036 SRAP, 628 RAPD, 126 RGA, 110 EST-SSR and 72 ISSR) were screened, and 36 were polymorphic between the resistant and susceptible bulks, and consequently used for genotyping individuals in the F2 population. Three markers (Em9/ga24370, NAUISSR826700 and Me7/em10400) linked to the RsDmR locus within a 10.0 cM distance were identiifed using bulked segregant analysis (BSA). The SRAP marker Em9/ga24370 was the most tightly linked one with a distance of 2.3 cM to RsDmR. These markers tightly linked to the RsDmR locus would facilitate marker-assisted selection and resistance gene pyramiding in radish breeding programs.
文摘The main goal of this research study was to establish the physicochemical characteristics of sewage sludge, and the nutrients needed to enhance the properties of soil with a view to exploiting were potential for agriculture. The example used was the cultivation of radish (Raphanus sativus). The findings are intended as a contribution towards making agriculture sustainable. This study was carried out to assess the response of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) to doses of sewage sludge applied in medium texture soils, and the socioeconomic contributions that such cultivation of radish would make. Levels of 0.25 and 75 ton/ha of sewage sludge plus the equivalent dose of 25 ton/ha of sewage sludge vermin compost by California Red were used after making a randomized experimental design with three replicates. 30 days after sowing radish seeds, the following data were collected: the number of leaves per plant (NLP);plant height (PH in cm);root diameter (RD) and tubercle production (TP ton/ha). In addition, the pH, EC-electric conductivity (EC), and soil organic matter (SOM) were determined. Statistical analysis showed that 25 and 50 tons/ha gave the best results for the parameters assessed. The estimated increase in family mean income from selling radish crops fertilized with sewage sludge is around 17%.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30370975)the Chinese National Project of Research and Development for High Technology(2003AA207120),P.R.China.
文摘In the paper, the full length cDNA of RsMF2 gene, homologous with the BcMF2 gene encoding pollen-specificpolygalacturonase of Chinese cabbage-pak-choi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino) was cloned from Raphanussativus L. cv. Yuanbai by PCR, with a pair of primer designed according to the coding sequence of BcMF2. The largestopening reading frame of RsMF2 gene is 1 266 bp in length and encodes a protein of 421 amino acids with a predictedmolecular mass of 43.9 kDa. Sequence analysis revealed that it has three potential N-glycosylation sites and onepolygalacturonase active position (RVTCGPGHGLSVGS). And the first 32 amino acids of the predicted RsMF2 proteinform a N-terminal hydrophobic domain which displays the properties of a signal peptide. The predicted secondarystructure composition for the protein has 6.9% helix, 42.0% sheet and 51.1% loop. Four domains which are highly conservedin the whole plant and fungal PGs is present in RsMF2. Phylogenetic analysis showed that RsMF2 falls into the categoryof clade-C, which includes PGs related to pollen. These results indicate that RsMF2 may act as polygalacturonase relatedto pollen development.
基金Science and Technology Innovation Platform Construction Project of Anshun City(ASKP[2017]03)Anshun Traditional Chinese Medicine(Ethnic Medicine)Inspection Technology Innovation Talent Team(ASKC[2018]09).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to analyze the Raphanus sativus L.medicinal materials from different origins and batches in Guizhou Province to explore its quality standards.[Methods]The plant morphology,material shape and microscopic characteristics of R.sativus were identified;and qualitative identification was performed by the TLC method.[Results]The plant morphology,material shape and microscopic characteristics of the R.sativus medicinal materials were described;and the TLC identification method of the R.sativus medicinal materials was established,with clear spots,good separation,and good specificity.[Conclusions]The method is accurate,simple,highly sensitive,interference-free,has good reproducibility,and can be used as a data support for the formulation of quality standards for R.sativus medicinal materials.