Transcriptome and metabolome profiling of unheading in F1 hybrid rice

Heading date is a crucial agronomic trait.However,rice usually delays heading due to the photoperiod,temperature,hormones or age.The present research was conducted to analyze the mechanism cotrlling heading date in F,hybrid rice.We constructed two test-crossing populations using two introgression lines(ILs),P20 and P21 coming from SH527/FH838 as the male parent,respectively,and male sterile line Jin23A as the female parent.Meanwhile,the F,hybrids of H20,obtained by mating P20 with Jin23A and having no heading,and H21,from the crossing between P21 and Jin23A having normal heading,were both observed under long days.Here,we analyzed the photoperiodic response of F,hybrids by transcriptome and metabolome profiling.The greater differences displayed in the transcriptome and the metabolome were caused by photoperiod(exogenous)instead of genes(endogenous).The coping mechanism resulted from long days(LD)in H20,leading to differences in the circadian rhythm and glutathione metabolism relative to other samples.The circadian oscillator and GSH/GSSG cycle typically regulate ROS homeostasis,and both of them are responsible for modulating ROS in H20 under LD condition.Both circadian rhythm genes and the reported genes related to heading date function via the DHD1/OsMFT1-Ehd1-RFT1-OsMADS14/OsMADS18 pathway and the glutathione metabolism pathway by regulating oxidative reduction processes.Both pathways are involved in the heading process and they interacted through the oxidative reduction process which was induced by photoperiod regulation,and all of them collectively modulated the heading process.The results of this study will be helpful for unraveling the mechanism of F,hybrid responses to unheading under LD condition.

蒙古冰草×航道冰草杂种F1代组织培养再生体系建立

以蒙古冰草×航道冰草种间杂种F1代幼穗为外植体,对影响愈伤组织诱导、分化和生根的激素浓度进行筛选,并建立了完整植株的再生体系。结果表明,杂种F1代的最适愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)1.5 mg/L+6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)0.3 mg/L,出愈率为81.7%;愈伤组织分化的培养基为6-BA 2.5 mg/L+萘乙酸(NAA)0.4 mg/L,分化率为71.7%;生根培养基为1/2 MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L,生根率为88.3%。经炼苗后,各基质移栽成活率大于90%。本研究通过建立蒙古冰草×航道冰草杂种F1代组织培养再生体系,为有效保存冰草杂种F1代新种质,并为后期秋水仙碱诱导其染色体加倍恢复育性奠定基础。

Breeding of a New Fruit Radish Variety"Sheng Qing Yi Hao"

"Sheng Qing Yi Hao",a new fruit radish F1 hybrid,which was bred from HSR54 A,a self-bred sterile line,and HS1356,an excellent male parent.The flesh of the roots is emerald green,delicate,sweet and crisp.The skin of the roots is little spicy.It takes about 70 d from sowing to maturity.The fleshy roots have a length of 22-27 cm,a diameter of 6-8 cm,and a root weight of 0.8-1.1 kg.The F1 hybrid has stronger resistance to soft rot disease in the field the control group‘Chengyangqing’.It is suitable for cultivation in greenhouse in spring and open field in autumn in north China.

A New Towel Gourd F_1 hybrid——‘Taisi NO.3'

＇Taisi N0.3＇ is an early mid-maturing towel gourd F1 hybrid developed by crossing Ps17-6-5-2-10-8 as female parent and Ps39-3-8-4-6-5 as male parent. The period from sowing to first harvest is about 75 days in spring cropping. It grows exuberantly in early stage and better in middle and later stages; leaves are green and palmately divided; the maximum leaf＇s length and width are about 25.5 and 33.7 cm. It bears fruit at the main and lateral branch. The first female flower sets on the 7^th-8^th node, and the fruit-setting rate is 72.8%. The fruit-setting rate is high. Its fruit is long round stick shape, 47.4 cm in length, and 3.75 cm in width, with smooth and green skin covered by dark green stripes, dense flesh. The fruit tastes good, with high Vc content. It is resistant to downy mildew, moderately resistant to CMV, and highly resistant to blight. The average fruit weight is about 282.3 g with the general yield of 82 500 kg/hm2.

Electrophoretic Analysis of Isozymes and Proteins in F_1 Hybrids of Ctenopharyngodon idellus ♀ × Elopichthys bambusa ♂

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the biochemical and genetic characteristics of F1 hybrids of Ctenopharyngodon idellus ♀× Elopichthys bambusa ♂ - [ Method ] By using vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technology, three isozymes （LDH, EST, MDH） in nine tissues （heart, brain, eyes, liver, kidney, spleen, fin, muscle, plasma） of F1 hybrids of C. ideUus and parents were compared. [Result] Three isozymes in F1 hybrids of ♀× E. bambusa ♀ were analyzed; differences in isozyme and proteins between F1 hybrids idellus ♀× E. bambusa ♀ exhibited varying degrees of tissue-specificity; isozymes and proteins in F, hybrids were signiticandy different from the parents. [ Conclusion] These nine differences could be used as indicators to identify F1 hybrids and parents.

Genotypic Resistance of F_1 Cotton Hybrids by Inoculation with Different Virulent Isolates of the Fungus Verticillium Dahliae Klebahn

The plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae causes severe cotton losses in Uzbekistan. To create cotton varieties that are resistant to the more virulent races of V.dahliae we wanted to determine

Analysis of Protein and Isoenzyme of LiLum davidii var.unicolor,Lilium Asiatic Hybrids and Their Hybrid F_1

[Objective]The paper was to provide theoretical basis for selection of parental combination and early identification of hybrids.[Method]The soluble protein and peroxidase of LiLum davidii var.unicolor,Lilium Asiatic hybrids and their filial generations were analyzed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique.[Result]The protein spectrum of filial generation with L.davidii var.unicolor as parent not only appeared the homologous band as parent with darker coloring,but also had new bands compared with parent.Peroxidase zymogram of hybrid F1 mainly displayed incomplete complementary and hybrid type of parent.[Conclusion]Protein spectrum and peroxidase zymogram could be used as the biochemical markers for the identification of hybrids of lily,which could also detect the target traits of plant.

Anther Culture about Hybrid F_1 by Solanum torvum SW.(♂) × Solanum melongena L.(♀)

Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different hormone combinations and concentrations on cal us induction and pIant regeneration of F1 hybrid of Solanum torvum SW. ＆#215; Solanum melongena L. [Method] Media suppIemented with different combinations and concentrations of hormones were pre-pared for anther cal us induction, proIiferation, differentiation and regeneration. [Re-sult] MS＋1.0 m/L 2, 4-D＋0.5 mg/L 6-BA was the optimum medium for anther cal us induction. MS＋1.0 mg/L KT＋0.1 mg/L NAA was the optimum medium for cal us proIiferation. MS＋2.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.3 mg/L NAA was the optimum medium for in-duction of adventitious buds. MS＋0.3 mg/L IAA was the optimum medium for root-ing of adventitious buds. The highest rooting rate was onIy 37.5 because induction of rooting was a difficuIt work. [Conclusion] The resuIts wiI provide references for outcross fertiIity and genetic improvement of eggpIant.

Preliminary Report on the Breeding of F_1 Hybrid Between Broccolini with High Sulforaphane

Through the use of broccolini innovation resources, a group of unique ex- cellent broccolini and male sterile lines, as well as inbred lines were bred. In the research, 4 hybrid strains were bred by the use of male sterile lines which had vigorous growth, high resistance, good quality, good commodity and high yield, in- cluding Beauty No.l, Beauty No.2, Beauty No.3, Beauty No.4. The results showed that Beauty No.2 behaved the best comprehensive characters of high yield, high commercial value and good taste. The yield of Beauty No.2 was 28 185 kg/hm2 and 25% higher than the control Qianxiu, the sulforaphane content was as high as 48 mg/kg and 77.8%, 272.1% higher than the control of Qianxiu and Manuolv broc- coli, respectively. The comprehensive character of Beauty No.1 ranked the second, the yield was the highest （29 265 kg/hm2） and 30% than the control Qianxiu.

利用游离小孢子培养育成早熟春甘蓝新品种‘豫生1号’

采用游离小孢子培养技术快速育成早熟春甘蓝一代杂交新品种‘豫生 1号’ (96 1)。该品种叶球近圆形 ,结球紧实 ,叶质脆嫩 ,耐先期抽薹 ,耐裂球 ,抗病毒病、黑腐病、霜霉病。定植后 6 0d成熟 ,净菜产量 4 4～ 5 5t/hm2 。

保护地黄瓜新品种津优1号的选育

对２００余份黄瓜品种资源进行抗病性鉴定，筛选出优良自交系４５１和Ｑ１２－２，并配制成一代杂种———津优１号。其植株长势强，以主蔓结瓜为主，第一雌花着生在第４节左右，瓜条长棒形，长约３６ｃｍ，单瓜重约２００ｇ。瓜把约为瓜长的１／７，瓜皮深绿色，瘤明显，密生白刺，果肉脆甜无苦味。从播种到采收约７０天，平均每６６７ｍ２产量６０００ｋｇ左右，比长春密刺增产１５％～２０％。抗霜霉病、白粉病和枯萎病，适于早春保护地栽培。

辣椒核质互作雄性不育新品种‘湘研14号’

‘湘研 14号’为中晚熟品种 ,果实牛角形 ,果面光滑 ,皮较厚 ,空腔小 ,耐贮运 ;商品果浅绿色 ,生物学成熟果鲜红色 ,平均单果质量 38g ,味辣 ,产量 4 9.5～ 60 .0t/hm2 ;

通过游离小孢子培养育成的优质大白菜新品种‘豫白菜12号’

采用游离小孢子培养双单倍体育种技术快速育成的大白菜杂交一代新品种‘豫白菜 12号’ ,中晚熟 ,生育期 80～ 85d ;抗病毒病、霜霉病、黑斑病及黑腐病 ;净菜产量96.5～ 10 6t/hm2 ;半高桩 ,叠包类型 ,球形指数 1.5,叶球白色 ,整齐 ,商品性好 ,耐贮藏 ;软叶率 51.9% ,质地柔嫩 ,生、熟食皆宜 ,口感好 。

草鱼×赤眼鳟F_1 与其亲本遗传性状的比较研究

采用生物统计方法，对草鱼、赤眼鳟及其杂种一代（草♀×赤♂、草♂×赤♀）的１０ 个数量性状进行统计分析，结果显示草♂×赤♀杂种的性状表现了明显的趋父性遗传，而草♀×赤♂杂种则表现了明显的趋母性遗传．用杂种指数衡量，在所测量的７ 个性状中，有５ 个偏向草鱼，只有体长／体高和脊椎骨数２ 个性状偏向赤眼鳟．这表明草鱼与赤眼鳟的杂交后代（Ｆ１）数量性状遗传受草鱼遗传因子的影响较大．

早熟丰产苦瓜一代杂种翠绿1号

翠绿１号是用早熟、丰产的强雌性系１９＃作母本与优质、抗逆性强的系统江选１０５作父本配制而成的苦瓜一代杂种。该品种早熟、丰产、优质、抗逆性强，比原主栽品种江门大顶早熟１０～１５天。前期产量增产９１．５％，总产量增产３８．１％，一般每６６７ｍ２产量２０００ｋｇ，单果重０．４ｋｇ。适于华南地区春。

耐热大白菜豫早1号(豫白1号)的选育

豫早 1号是利用游离小孢子培养技术选育的大白菜一代杂种。该品种生育期 55d(天 ) ,早熟 ,抗病毒病、霜霉病、黑腐病、黑斑病 ,耐热 ,单球质量 1.5kg ,净菜产量 52 .5～ 60 .0t·hm- 2 。

厚皮甜瓜新品种桂蜜12号的选育

桂蜜12号是以黄蜜大果高代自交系05-6为母本、北海甜瓜高代自交系00610为父本配制而成的卵圆形厚皮甜瓜一代杂种。果实发育期35d(天)左右,果皮金黄色,光滑或具有稀网纹,果肉橙色、厚3.3cm,肉质爽脆,味甜,中心可溶性固形物含量16%左右,果实食用率69%左右,单果质量1.5kg左右,每667m2产量1800kg左右。适宜在广西地区大棚栽培与春、夏露地栽培。

早熟苦瓜新品种“赣优1号”、“赣优2号”的选育

赣优1号、赣优2号是分别以强雌系Q11-2、Q9-4为母本配制成的早熟杂交苦瓜新品种。赣优1号商品果绿白色,棒形,果长35cm,横径6cm,肉厚1.0cm,单果重400g,特早熟,春季栽培从定植至初收40d,每公顷产量37500kg。赣优2号商品果绿色,棒形,果长30cm,横径7cm,肉厚1.2cm,单果重500g,早熟,春、秋季均可栽培,春植从定植至初收45d,秋植从播种至初收45d,每公顷产量45000kg。

湘研16号辣椒的选育

以湖南一地方品种中的晚熟丰产株系 590 4为母本 ,以长沙地方品种河西牛角椒中的中晚熟抗病丰产株系 82 16为父本配制的一代杂种湘研 16号 ,表现晚熟 ,从定植至采收约 55d(天 ) ,果实长棒形 ,肉厚腔小 ,耐贮运 ,单果质量 4 5g ,一般每 6 6 7m2 产量 3410kg ,比对照增产15%左右 ,较抗炭疽病。

中椒10号的选育

中椒１０号系以９００１３－３和７８－１－１两个自交系配制而成的微辣型一代杂种，熟性早，早期产量比对照品种增加２．４％～１２．５７％，结果性好，抗ＴＭＶ，中抗ＣＭＶ。一般每６６７ｍ２产２５００～３５００ｋｇ，平均单果重３０．９～４２．５ｇ，果实长羊角形，果面光滑，颜色绿，肉质脆嫩，味微辣，品质佳，果实商品率高。已在北京、天津、河北、东北、安徽、四川及广东、广西、海南等南菜北运基地推广，面积达４８００ｈｍ２。