融合Radon变换的孔边裂纹Lamb波定位成像研究

基于不同模态Lamb波与孔边裂纹相互作用的基本原理,聚焦不同模态Lamb波波包飞行时间精确检测问题,以各向同性板中的孔边裂纹为研究对象,开展了融合Radon变换的孔边裂纹Lamb波定位成像研究。首先,使用宽频chirp信号激励稀疏传感器阵列产生Lamb波,并采集通孔散射信号作为基线信号,采集孔边裂纹散射信号作为缺陷信号。其次,对chirp响应信号进行滤波处理,优化选取窄带单音频脉冲响应信号的中心频率和调制周期数。然后,对基线单音频脉冲响应信号进行Radon变换,得到优化后的群速度和偏移时间,并计算出Lamb波波包飞行时间。最后,使用椭圆定位成像算法对孔边裂纹进行定位成像,并将成像结果与名义群速度法的结果进行对比。结果表明,使用Radon变换可以准确获取Lamb波波包飞行时间,提升了不同模态Lamb波对孔边裂纹缺陷的检测能力。

曲率放大的λ-f域高分辨率抛物Radon变换多次波压制方法

在实际数据处理中抛物Radon变换是多次波压制的一种常用手段,然而,常规Radon变换方法难以有效压制那些与一次波曲率差异较小的多次波,本文给出了曲率放大的多次波压制方法来改善多次波的压制效果。通过研究影响同相轴的曲率的参数,发现压缩炮检距或增大时差能够放大多次波和一次波曲率差异,加大一次波和多次波在Radon域的分离程度,从而提高了多次波的压制能力。为进一步提高Radon变换的计算效率和精度,采用λ-f域高分辨率抛物Radon变换,通过引入新变量λ消除了常规Radon变换算子对频率的依赖性,由于变换算子和它的逆只需要计算一次,因此显著提高了计算效率。通过理论模型和实际资料的处理表明,该方法能够较好地压制表层多次波,对于那些与一次波存在一定曲率差异的层间多次波,也具备一定的压制能力。

基于L_(1/2)正则化的抛物线Radon变换多次波压制方法

在地震数据处理中,多次波的存在会对地震数据成像和地震资料解释带来影响,如何有效地压制多次波干扰是地震勘探中的重要问题。抛物线Radon变换因其高效的特点被广泛应用于多次波压制中,但在野外地震数据采集时,炮检距的有限性会导致变换域中的能量扩散,产生假象,使多次波压制达不到理想的效果。针对此问题,提出一种基于L_(1/2)正则化的稀疏反演高分辨抛物线Radon变换,并应用广义迭代收缩算法(generalized iterated shrinkage algorithm,GISA)进行求解。研究结果表明,L_(1/2)正则化有很强的稀疏约束能力,能提高解的稀疏度,改进信噪分离的效果。与最小二乘反演和基于L_(1)正则化的稀疏反演相比,基于L_(1/2)正则化的稀疏反演高分辨抛物线Radon变换能更有效地压制多次波,并确保了重构数据与原始数据的一致性。

基于Radon变换的时空图像纹理角识别方法

时空图像测速法以河流表面自然特征为分析对象,检测生成的时空图像中的纹理主方向,根据物象变换关系、拍摄所得视频参数和纹理方向倾角的正切值计算出河流表面的一维时均流速。针对实际应用中生成的时空图像受噪声干扰而导致时空图像纹理倾斜角检测精度出现较大误差的问题,本文提出采用改进的同态滤波器来增强河流表面图像的纹理特征,采用融合了自适应直方图均衡化的频域滤波对时空图像去噪,再利用Radon变换检测纹理角方向。通过模拟纹理图像实验,较高、较低流速条件下实地河道实验验证本文改进方法的有效性,实验结果表明,对于标准的模拟纹理图,Radon变换角度检测结果相对误差小于0.03%,对于干扰较多的复杂的实地河道环境,较低和较高流速条件下,基于Radon变换的时空图像纹理角识别结果与人工手动目测值间的相对误差分别小于1.56%和1.80%。实验表明,Radon变换法可行且较其他纹理角检测算法有更高的精度。

基于Prewitt算子和Radon变换的雷达高速微弱目标检测

正交频分复用(OFDM)调制雷达中跨距离单元走动问题降低了高速微弱目标检测性能,为此,提出一种基于Prewitt算子和Radon变换的OFDM雷达高速微弱目标检测算法。首先分析了多脉冲积累出现的跨距离单元走动以及Radon变换受噪声干扰问题,然后采用Prewitt算子卷积运算抑制噪声并保留回波能量,采用Radon变换沿距离单元走动斜线进行能量积累。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法具有比Hough变换和动目标检测(MTD)更优的低信噪比背景下的高速微弱目标检测性能,并能有效实现多目标检测。

Numerical simulations for radon migration and exhalation behavior during measuring radon exhalation rate with closed-loop method

Accurate measurements of the radon exhalation rate help identify and evaluate radon risk regions in the environment.Among these measurement methods,the closed-loop method is frequently used.However,traditional experiments are insufficient or cannot analyze the radon migration and exhalation patterns at the gas–solid interface in the accumulation chamber.The CFD-based technique was applied to predict the radon concentration distribution in a limited space,allowing radon accumulation and exhalation inside the chamber intuitively and visually.In this study,three radon exhalation rates were defined,and two structural ventilation tubes were designed for the chamber.The consistency of the simulated results with the variation in the radon exhalation rate in a previous experiment or analytical solution was verified.The effects of the vent tube structure and flow rate on the radon uniformity in the chamber;permeability,insertion depth,and flow rate on the radon exhalation rate and the effective diffusion coefficient on back-diffusion were investigated.Based on the results,increasing the inser-tion depth from 1 to 5 cm decreased the effective decay constant by 19.55%,whereas the curve-fitted radon exhalation rate decreased(lower than the initial value)as the deviation from the initial value increased by approximately 7%.Increasing the effective diffusion coefficient from 2.77×10^(-7) to 7.77×10^(-6) m^(2) s^(-1) made the deviation expand from 2.14 to 15.96%.The conclusion is that an increased insertion depth helps reduce leakage in the chamber,subject to notable back-diffusion,and that the closed-loop method is reasonably used for porous media with a low effective diffusion coefficient in view of the back-diffusion effect.The CFD-based simulation is expected to provide guidance for the optimization of the radon exhalation rate measurement method and,thus,the accurate measurement of the radon exhalation rate.

Numerical Simulation on Radon Retardation Behavior of Covering Floats in Radon-Containing Water

Objective This study aimed to efficiently reduce the release of radon from water bodies to protect the environment.Methods Based on the sizes of the experimental setup and modular float,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)was used to assess the impact of the area coverage rate,immersion depth,diffusion coefficient,and radon transfer velocity at the gas–liquid interface on radon migration and exhalation of radon-containing water.Based on the numerical simulation results,an estimation model for the radon retardation rate was constructed.The effectiveness of the CFD simulation was evaluated by comparing the experimental and simulated variation values of the radon retardation rate with the coverage area rates.Results The effect of radon transfer velocity on radon retardation in water bodies was minor and insignificant according to the appropriate value;therefore,an estimation model of the radon retardation rate of the coverage of a radon-containing water body was constructed using the synergistic impacts of three factors:area coverage rate,immersion depth,and diffusion coefficient.The deviation between the experimental and simulated results was<4.3%.Conclusion Based on the numerical simulation conditions,an estimation model of the radon retardation rate of covering floats in water bodies under the synergistic effect of multiple factors was obtained,which provides a reference for designing covering floats for radon retardation in radoncontaining water.

Measurement of Radon Concentration and Estimation of Cancer Risk in Twenty-Four Model Houses in the Town of Koudougou

The objective of our study is to evaluate the concentration of radon (86Rn) inside houses in the town of Koudougou in order to estimate its impact on the health of the population. Indeed, when uranium-rich minerals are found near the surface of the ground, radon concentrations can reach tens of becquerels per cubic meter in enclosed spaces. Given the nature of the geological base of Burkina Faso, this situation is quite probable and certain places that are sometimes poorly ventilated (house, school, office, etc.) can have radon levels high enough to constitute a health problem for occupants. Thus, twenty-four (24) sample houses were identified. In each house, the Corentium digital detector was between 0.8 m and 2 m for at least one week in a place where the occupants estimate that they spend more time of time and measure the concentration of radon in the long term and short term. The recorded data allowed us to determine the Absorbed Dose and the Annual Effective Dose of radon gas for each house in order to estimate the Risk of Cancer and the probable Number of Cases of Lung Cancer per million inhabitants. Thus, the results indicate that the long-term radon concentration varies between 6 Bq/m3 and 285 Bq/m3 respectively in houses 11 and 4 compared to 1 Bq/m3 to 208 Bq/m3 in the short term in the same houses. Also, in the long term, in control houses 1, 3 and 4, the radon level is above the recommended threshold interval. For the short term, these are houses 1, 3, 4 and 17 respectively with 110 Bq/m3, 142 Bq/m3, 208 Bq/m3 and 105 Bq/m3. As for the long-term and short-term effective doses, only houses 1, 3, 4, 17 and 24 have values between 3 - 10 Sv/year. The estimation of the relative risk of lung cancer gives values relatively close to unity and between 1.006 and 1.142 with an average of 1.035 and that of the Number of Lung Cancer Cases per million inhabitants gives values between 8 and 166 with an average of 42. Thus, we can conclude that with the exception of houses 1, 3, 4 and 17, the radon concentrations are relatively low in the twenty-four control houses in the city of Koudougou. The lifestyle of the populations can well explain this situation when we know that people are in the habit of always leaving doors and windows open, especially when they are not sleeping. We can therefore say that the risk of population exposure to radon gas is relatively low in the town of Koudougou.

Hurwitz-Radon矩阵方程的华罗庚链

1947年,华罗庚独立研究了Hurwitz-Radon矩阵方程,遗憾的是由于失误他未能得出完整结果。文章补充完善了华罗庚对于Hurwitz-Radon矩阵方程的求解。遵循华罗庚的思路,所采用的方法是矩阵的相似标准型。得到了华罗庚链,并通过酉化技巧得到其酉版本。

基于改进Radon域多次波抑制的强弱目标分离

在探地雷达野外应用中,多次波是一种常见的干扰波,会影响雷达数据的真实性及可靠性,给目标解释工作带来困难。Radon变换在地震处理领域中广泛应用于多次波抑制,但在探地雷达领域中对此进行研究运用的仍不多。针对双曲线探地雷达反射波,对Radon变换理论进行分析阐述,在弱目标回波与强目标的多次波位置高度重叠,并且多次波强度接近弱目标回波强度的实例中,通过分析Radon域中弱目标与多次波位置与能量强度的差异,通过选择过滤窗并且在Radon域中对其进行多项式拟合恢复多次波能量,然后经过Radon正演在时空域中恢复多次波数据,再从原始雷达数据中减去多次波,实现对多次波的抑制,获得了无假象干扰的雷达数据。实验结果表明,在保留弱目标回波强度的同时取得了较好的多次波抑制效果。

Radon域虚震源法重构VSP数据

垂直地震剖面(VSP)数据通常比常规地面地震数据(SSP)具有更高的勘探精度,但受其观测系统限制,具有成像范围有限等问题。为解决VSP数据成像范围有限的问题,笔者将Radon变换与互相关型地震干涉技术和褶积型地震干涉技术相结合,通过Radon域虚震源法将VSP数据重构为虚拟SSP数据,并利用Radon变换方法压制随机噪声的特性,提高虚拟SSP炮集记录的信噪比。通过数值模拟,验证了Radon域虚震源法的有效性,并进一步用于添加了随机噪声的原始VSP数据。结果表明,相比于传统虚震源法,Radon域虚震源法能够有效压制随机噪声,提高虚拟炮集记录的信噪比,与VSP原始数据相比,所构建的虚拟SSP炮集记录经偏移成像后可以有效扩大成像范围并提高成像分辨率。

基于线性Radon变换的超声混叠信号分离研究

在使用一发一收低频反射超声方法对大厚度介质进行测厚过程中,采集到的反射超声信号存在有效波和直达波混叠的现象,常规的一维超声信号处理方法难以对其进行有效处理。针对该类信号混叠问题,提出了基于线性Radon变换的自适应相减处理方法,从二维角度出发,根据在时空域中,直达干扰呈规律一致性,而有效底面回波呈推移差异性的特点,通过将信号阵列转换至线性Radon域的方法,对经过投影汇聚的信号数据进行自适应相减算法处理,实现对直达干扰波的有效压制及分离,从而提高低频超声回波数据的分辨率。通过仿真数据处理验证了该方法的有效性,相应厚度解算相对误差不超过0.7%。仿真和实验结果表明,提出的方法能够很好地解决大厚度介质测厚情境中混叠超声信号的分离问题。

角度域广义Radon变换多参数非迭代线性反演

基于Born近似的线性反演是当前流行的定量化地震成像与反演方法,然而,现有线性反演方法存在多种不可避免的问题,比如迭代计算成本过高,背景模型依赖,以及多参数提取不确定/不稳定.为避免这些问题,本文提出了角度域广义Radon变换(AD-GRT)多参数非迭代反演方法(2D声波双参数介质).AD-GRT是一种地震数据与角度域模型之间的积分变换,该角度域模型能够保留地震散射数据的完整信息.基于该角度域模型,地震数据可被精确重建,即使背景模型是错误的.介质双扰动参数可在角度域模型中准确且稳定提取.为解决传统角度域离散方法存在的幅值震荡和不连续问题,设计了两种有效的角度域离散单元分裂方法,实现了平滑连续的角度域幅值提取.为提高AD-GRT反演的分辨率,考虑了震源子波反滤波.利用三个数值模型验证了AD-GRT在角度域模型反演、数据重建、多参数提取方面的有效性.

Radon Measure Solutions to Riemann Problems for Isentropic Compressible Euler Equations of Polytropic Gases

We solve the Riemann problems for isentropic compressible Euler equations of polytropic gases in the class of Radon measures,and the solutions admit the concentration of mass.It is found that under the requirement of satisfying the over-compressing entropy condition:(i)there is a unique delta shock solution,corresponding to the case that has two strong classical Lax shocks;(ii)for the initial data that the classical Riemann solution contains a shock wave and a rarefaction wave,or two shocks with one being weak,there are infinitely many solutions,each consists of a delta shock and a rarefaction wave;(iii)there are no delta shocks for the case that the classical entropy weak solutions consist only of rarefaction waves.These solutions are self-similar.Furthermore,for the generalized Riemann problem with mass concentrated initially at the discontinuous point of initial data,there always exists a unique delta shock for at least a short time.It could be prolonged to a global solution.Not all the solutions are self-similar due to the initial velocity of the concentrated point-mass(particle).Whether the delta shock solutions constructed satisfy the over-compressing entropy condition is clarified.This is the first result on the construction of singular measure solutions to the compressible Euler system of polytropic gases,that is strictly hyperbolic,and whose characteristics are both genuinely nonlinear.We also discuss possible physical interpretations and applications of these new solutions.

基于Radon变换的高分辨SAR图像舰船目标精细分割

随着合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR)分辨率的提升,利用SAR图像进行舰船检测和识别逐渐成为海洋目标监视的重要手段。但受限于SAR成像机理,高分辨SAR图像旁瓣问题开始凸显,这严重影响舰船目标的主体分割。提出一种基于Radon变换的舰船目标精细分割算法,通过将SAR图像进行Radon变换,在Radon域实现了旁瓣数据的识别与剔除。然后利用形态学滤波去除细碎旁瓣,最终实现了SAR图像旁瓣的有效抑制。利用高分三号和COSMO-SkyMed卫星图像数据对算法进行验证,结果表明该算法相比于现有分割算法,在区域内均匀性、区域间差异性、形状复杂度等方面均具有较好的提升。

Measuring^(222)Rn in aquatic environment via Pulsed Ionization Chamber Radon Detector

Radon(Rn)is a naturally occurring radioactive inert gas in nature,and^(222)Rn has been routinely used as a powerful tracer in various aquatic environmental research on timescales of hours to days,such as submarine groundwater discharge.Here we developed a new approach to measure^(222)Rn in discrete water samples with a wide range of^(222)Rn concentrations using a Pulsed Ionization Chamber(PIC)Radon Detector.The sensitivity of the new PIC system is evaluated at 6.06 counts per minute for 1 Bq/L when a 500 mL water sample volume is used.A robust logarithmic correlation between sample volumes,ranging from 250 mL to 5000 mL,and system sensitivity obtained in this study strongly suggests that this approach is suitable for measuring radon concentration levels in various natural waters.Compared to the currently available methods for measuring radon in grab samples,the PIC system is cheaper,easier to operate and does not require extra accessories(e.g.,drying tubes etc.)to maintain stable measurements throughout the counting procedure.

Reference device for calibration of radon exhalation rate measuring instruments and its performance

Environmental radon emanates from the exhalation and release of soil,rocks,and building materials.Environmental radon contamination tracing and radon pollution prevention and control require the measurement of the radon exhalation rate on media surfaces.Reliable measurements of the radon exhalation rate cannot be achieved without regular calibration of the measuring instrument with a high-performance reference device.In this study,a reference device for the calibration of radon exhalation rate measuring instruments was developed using a diffusion solid radon source with a high and stable radon emanation coefficient,an integrated diffusion component composed of a plasterboard and a high-density wooden board,an air pressure balance device,a radon accumulation chamber,and a support structure.The uniformity and stability of the reference device were evaluated using the activated carbon-γspectrum and open-loop method,respectively,to measure the radon exhalation rate.The reference device achieved different radon exhalation rates by using different activities of diffusion solid radon sources.Nineteen measurement points were regularly selected on the radon exhalation surface of the reference device,and the uniformity of the radon exhalation rate exceeded 5%.The short-term stability of the reference device was better than 5%under different environmental conditions and was almost unaffected by the ambient air pressure,environmental temperature,and relative humidity.

In-situ detection equipment for radon-in-water:unattended operation and monthly investigations

Radon is recognized as a powerful tracer of certain geophysical processes in marine and aquatic environments.In the past few decades,the instruments and methods for measuring radon concentration in water have been developed to some extent but still lack underwater in-situ measurements.Here we present an in-situ detection equipment for radon-in-water(pulsed ionization chamber(PIC)-radon)to measure dissolved radon in ocean and groundwater settings.The equipment has been successfully deployed in the Jiaozhou Bay in July 2022 and has achieved 14 d of unattended underwater in-situ observation.Then it was successfully placed in a groundwater monitoring well in the Laizhou Bay in November 2022 and monitored radon activities for over 30 d.The results showed that this instrument had a good indication of submarine groundwater discharge.The PIC-radon detector takes advantage of smaller size,lower power consumption,and is barely influenced by humidity,making it particularly suitable for long-term in-situ measurement,especially in harsh environments with limited human care or deployment spaces.

基于Radon变换的健美操跳跃动作轨迹实时提取方法

在健美操跳跃时若不能及时明确指出不标准跳跃动作,运动员极易受伤且得分较低,因此,提出基于Radon变换的健美操跳跃动作轨迹实时提取方法。采用成像技术完成健美操跳跃动作轨迹图像采集;利用Radon变换将采集图像初步去噪,并利用图像分割、小波多尺度分解方式把图像分成多个子模块去噪,完成图像去噪;运用支持向量机方式得出去噪后图像子模块特征分布情况,并利用视觉RGB方式分离特征,凭借虚拟视景重构方式将子模块特征融合,输出结果。实验结果表明,所提方法提取结果精度、拟合优度均较高,与实际情况基本一致,并且提取速度极快,具有良好鲁棒性。

Radon CLF:A Novel Approach for Skew Detection Using Radon Transform

In the digital world,a wide range of handwritten and printed documents should be converted to digital format using a variety of tools,including mobile phones and scanners.Unfortunately,this is not an optimal procedure,and the entire document image might be degraded.Imperfect conversion effects due to noise,motion blur,and skew distortion can lead to significant impact on the accuracy and effectiveness of document image segmentation and analysis in Optical Character Recognition(OCR)systems.In Document Image Analysis Systems(DIAS),skew estimation of images is a crucial step.In this paper,a novel,fast,and reliable skew detection algorithm based on the Radon Transform and Curve Length Fitness Function(CLF),so-called Radon CLF,was proposed.The Radon CLF model aims to take advantage of the properties of Radon spaces.The Radon CLF explores the dominating angle more effectively for a 1D signal than it does for a 2D input image due to an innovative fitness function formulation for a projected signal of the Radon space.Several significant performance indicators,including Mean Square Error(MSE),Mean Absolute Error(MAE),Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR),Structural Similarity Measure(SSIM),Accuracy,and run-time,were taken into consideration when assessing the performance of our model.In addition,a new dataset named DSI5000 was constructed to assess the accuracy of the CLF model.Both two-dimensional image signal and the Radon space have been used in our simulations to compare the noise effect.Obtained results show that the proposed method is more effective than other approaches already in use,with an accuracy of roughly 99.87%and a run-time of 0.048(s).The introduced model is far more accurate and timeefficient than current approaches in detecting image skew.