System architecture and basic platform for intelligent high-speed railway

Purpose-This paper aims to provide top-level design and basic platform for intelligent application in China high-speed railway.Design/methodology/approach-Based on the analysis for the future development trends of world railway,combined with the actual development needs in China high-speed railway,The definition and scientific connotation of intelligent high-speed railway(IHSR)are given at first,and then the system architecture of IHSR are outlined,including 1 basic platform,3 business sectors,10 business fields,and 18 innovative applications.At last,a basic platform with cloud edge integration for IHSR is designed.Findings-The rationality,feasibility and implementability of the system architecture of IHSR have been verified on and applied to the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed railway,providing important support for the construction and operation of the world’s first IHSR.Originality/value-This paper systematically gives the definition and connotation of the IHSR and put forward the system architecture of IHSR for first time.It will play the most important role in the design,construction and operation of IHSR.

An experimental analysis on the turnover time of railway freight transportation based on the impact strength of factors

Based on the factors impact strength model(FISM), we studied on calculation formulas of influence strength and key elements of FISM, and analyzed the turnover time of railway freight transportation of China. The results show that wagon transfer time is the most critical factor among the three subjective factors of wagons turnover time. The FISM based analysis of wagon transfer time show that the wagon turnover time is significantly correlated with transit time with resorting. Among the seven factors of detention time of transit time with resorting, the time of waiting to departing, converging, and waiting to break-up are key factors, while the time of make-up, break-up, arrival and departure are general factors. We carried out one empirical research based on the data of Baoji East Railway Station in 2015. The results of empirical research and FISM are consistent completely.

A Prediction Model for Railway Transportation Sofety and Its Application

This paper discusses the characterization of railway transportation safety, andapplies the Grey-Markov forecasting model to predict the occurrences of thedriving accident on railway according to their speciality. It will offer a reliableargument for taking measures to prevent driving accidents.

A methodology for calculating the passenger comfort benefits of railway travel

A comfortable environment in railway passenger coaches can be regarded as a resource for social consumption during the transport process. Railway passenger comfort benefits （RPCBs） can be regarded as a special generalized cost. In this paper, we select a series of objective and subjective indexes to formulate a quantitative method of calculating the RPCB with considering ticket fares. This method includes three steps： make the initial data dimensionless, calculate the weight of each index, and finally calculate the RPCBs. The proposed method was validated with the data collected from two types of trains： G13 from Beijing South to Shanghai Hongqiao and T109 from Beijing to Shanghai. Also, questionnaire survey was conducted in both trains. After data processing, the results show that there is a linear relationship between the RPCB and ticket fare with a correlation coefficient of 0.9616.

Real-time high-speed train rescheduling based on a Human-Computer Interaction framework

During railway operations,trains normally run as scheduled,but the occurrence of unexpected events will disrupt traffic flow and cause train deviation from the original timetable.In order to assist dispatchers in rescheduling trains,this paper introduces an innovative Human-Computer Interaction framework.This framework enables train dispatchers to propose different timetable adjustment instructions to the original or adjusted timetable.These instructions will be processed,stored,analyzed,and digested by computer program,which finally lead to the modification and calculation of the embedded mathematical model,then a new adjusted timetable will be produced and provided to dispatchers for checking and modifying.This framework can iterate for unlimited times based on dispatchers'intentions,until the final results satisfy them.A demonstration system named RTARS(Real-time Timetable Automatic Rescheduling System)is developed based on this framework and it has been applied in Beijing Railway Administration,which shows its effectiveness in reality.

Development and application of a life cycle energy consumption and CO2emissions analysis model for high-speed railway transport in China

China's high-speed railway(HSR)is booming recently,the HSR's performance of energy conservation and carbon reduction has attractedmuch attention.This study developed a new life cycle model of energy consumption and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions on China's HSR bylife cycle analysis(LCA),covering the stages of infrastructure,HSR train,and operation,based on the TLCAM(Tsinghua-LCA Model).A caseof the BeijingeShanghai HSR has been studied to show that the full life cycle energy consumption and GHG emissions of HSR transportationare 0.4 MJ km1per capita and 0.04 kg CO2ekm1per capita,respectively,which are far less than aviation,gasoline vehicles,diesel vehicles,electric vehicles and public vehicles.With the cleaner power structure and the progress of HSR train technology,the energy consumption andcarbon emissions of HSR in 2020 could be reduced by 20%compared to 2015.This study indicates that electricity generation mix structure andfull load rate are important factors influencing the life-cycle energy consumption and GHG emissions of HSR transportation.It is recommendedto improve the coverage of HSR network,accelerate train upgrades,improve the full load rate of HSR trains,and promote the low-carbondevelopment of electricity supply to strengthen and realize the low-carbon advantage of HSR transport mode in China.HSR transportationcan be used to achieve the low carbon transformation of China's transportation sector and improve oil supply safety situation.

Special issue: Management of road and railway traffic and transportation engineering

In recent years,with the development of road and railway transportation industries,a variety of complicated decisionmaking problems have emerged in real-world applications.It is urgent to analyze these problems from the perspective of theoretical and methodological innovations,and provide methods in management,decision-making and application so as to achieve efficient operations of traffic and transportation systems.These problems have

Evaluation of the maintenance window scheme using fuzzy soft set theory

The maintenance window scheme(MWS) is one of the most important railway transportation organizational plans and plays an important role in ensuring railway operational safety. However, MWS setting is a very complicated process, and most countries currently do so with the help of a computer-aided decision system. In general, a decision system can generate multiple alternatives for MWS within an acceptable time. Therefore, how to choose the best option from the alternatives is a vital decision. This paper presents a novel framework for MWS evaluation based on the Chinese railway system. Specifically, the requirements of each department related to MWS setting are analysed, and we construct an evaluation indicator system for MWS based on the preferences of different departments. Then, we apply the fuzzy soft set theory to MWS evaluation, a method that not only effectively deals with evaluation of uncertain information, but also gives flexibility for experts to input their subjective judgment.Additionally, using the ‘‘AND’’ operation of soft set theory allows combing evaluation information from multiple evaluators to give comprehensive results. Finally, a case study illustrates the proposed framework, showing that the proposed evaluation indicator system and evaluation method are effective and practical.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY RAILWAY BETWEEN CIM AND SMGS

China and some of its trade partners in Western Europe apply different legal regimes for international carriage of goods by railway -- respectively Agreement on International Railway Freight Transportation （SMGS） and Uniform Rules Concerning the Contract of International Carriage of Goods by Rail （CIM）. For transportation of goods by railway between China and Western Europe both the CIM and the SMGS are often applicable. China＇s initiative ＂the Belt and Road＂ promotes development of railway transport in Eurasia and creates new incentives for comparative study between those two international legal systems. This article provides a brief historical outline of comparative studies between the CIM and SMGS. This article also purports to show that some similarities and differences between the two regimes might be better understood from the perspective of comparative legal history. Taking into account inter alia the common origin of the current versions of the CIM and SMGS in the 4th revision of the CIM of 1933, differences and similarities between two legal regimes have been analysed with regard to the following topics： the scope of application of the CIM and SMGS, the nature of the carrier＇s liability under the CIM and SMGS; exclusivity of the CIM, exclusivity of the contract of carriage under the SMGS, period of responsibility; persons for whom the carder is liable.

Improving Taxation of Income from International Transportation——Study on Jurisdictions Covered by the Belt and Road Initiative

The goals pursued by the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and the role played by international transportation on the development of cross-border trade suggest a focused review of issues dealing with taxation of transportation income derived from the operation of ships,railways and trucks in international traffic.This article covers an analysis of some of the treaties concluded by certain BRI jurisdictions and the possible ways of improvement of the tax regime applicable to taxation of international transportation either through international administrative cooperation or treaty legislation.