On Some Mathematical Connections between the Cyclic Universe, Inflationary Universe, p-Adic Inflation, p-Adic Cosmology and Various Sectors of Number Theory

This paper is a review, a thesis, of some interesting results that have been obtained in various research concerning the “brane collisions in string and M-theory” (Cyclic Universe), p-adic inflation and p-adic cosmology. In Section 2, we have described some equations concerning cosmic evolution in a Cyclic Universe. In Section 3, we have described some equations concerning the cosmological perturbations in a Big Crunch/Big Bang space-time, the M-theory model of a Big Crunch/Big Bang transition and some equations concerning the solution of a braneworld Big Crunch/Big Bang Cosmology. In Section 4, we have described some equations concerning the generating ekpyrotic curvature perturbations before the Big Bang, some equations concerning the effective five-dimensional theory of the strongly coupled heterotic string as a gauged version of N=1five-dimensional supergravity with four-dimensional boundaries, and some equations concerning the colliding branes and the origin of the Hot Big Bang. In Section 5, we have described some equations regarding the “null energy condition” violation concerning the inflationary models and some equations concerning the evolution to a smooth universe in an ekpyrotic contracting phase with w>1. In Section 6, we have described some equations concerning the approximate inflationary solutions rolling away from the unstable maximum of p-adic string theory. In Section 7, we have described various equations concerning the p-adic minisuperspace model, zeta strings, zeta nonlocal scalar fields and p-adic and adelic quantum cosmology. In Section 8, we have shown various and interesting mathematical connections between some equations concerning the p-adic inflation, the p-adic quantum cosmology, the zeta strings and the brane collisions in string and M-theory. Furthermore, in each section, we have shown the mathematical connections with various sectors of Number Theory, principally the Ramanujan’s modular equations, the Aurea Ratio and the Fibonacci’s numbers.

A Kind of Diophantine Equations in Finite Simple Groups

In this paper, we prove that if p, q are distinct primes, (p,q)≡(1,7) (mod 12) and Legendres symbol pq=1 , then the equation 1+p a=2 bq c+2 dp eq f has only solutions of the form (a,b,c,d,e,f)=(t,0,0,0,t,0), where t is a non negative integer. We also give all solutions of a kind of generalized Ramanujan Nagell equations by using the theories of imaginary quadratic field and Pells equation.

APPROXIMATE CONVEXITY AND CONCAVITY OFGENERALIZED GROTZSCH RING FUNCTION

In this paper, the so-called approximate convexity and concavity properties of generalized Groetzsch ring function μa （r） by studying the monotonieity,convexity or concavity of certain composites of μa（r） are obtained.

Singular values, quasiconformal maps and the Schottky upper bound

Some properties and asymptotically sharp bounds are obtained for singdar values of Ramanujan’s generalized modular equation. from which infinite-product representations of the Hersch-Pfluger ?dimtortion function ? K (r) and the Agard η-distortion function η K (t) follow. By these results, the explicit quasiconformal Schwan lemma is improved, several properties are obtained for the Schottky upper bound, and a conjecture on the linear distortion function λ (K) is proved to be true.