Effects of mesenchymal stem cell on dopaminergic neurons,motor and memory functions in animal models of Parkinson's disease:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Parkinson’s disease is chara cterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars com pacta,and although restoring striatal dopamine levels may improve symptoms,no treatment can cure or reve rse the disease itself.Stem cell therapy has a regenerative effect and is being actively studied as a candidate for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.Mesenchymal stem cells are considered a promising option due to fewer ethical concerns,a lower risk of immune rejection,and a lower risk of teratogenicity.We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives on motor function,memory,and preservation of dopamine rgic neurons in a Parkinson’s disease animal model.We searched bibliographic databases(PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,CENTRAL,Scopus,and Web of Science)to identify articles and included only pee r-reviewed in vivo interve ntional animal studies published in any language through J une 28,2023.The study utilized the random-effect model to estimate the 95%confidence intervals(CI)of the standard mean differences(SMD)between the treatment and control groups.We use the systematic review center for laboratory animal expe rimentation’s risk of bias tool and the collaborative approach to meta-analysis and review of animal studies checklist for study quality assessment.A total of 33studies with data from 840 Parkinson’s disease model animals were included in the meta-analysis.Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells significantly improved motor function as assessed by the amphetamine-induced rotational test.Among the stem cell types,the bone marrow MSCs with neurotrophic factor group showed la rgest effect size(SMD[95%CI]=-6.21[-9.50 to-2.93],P=0.0001,I^(2)=0.0%).The stem cell treatment group had significantly more tyrosine hydroxylase positive dopamine rgic neurons in the striatum([95%CI]=1.04[0.59 to 1.49],P=0.0001,I^(2)=65.1%)and substantia nigra(SMD[95%CI]=1.38[0.89 to 1.87],P=0.0001,I^(2)=75.3%),indicating a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons.Subgroup analysis of the amphetamine-induced rotation test showed a significant reduction only in the intracranial-striatum route(SMD[95%CI]=-2.59[-3.25 to-1.94],P=0.0001,I^(2)=74.4%).The memory test showed significant improvement only in the intravenous route(SMD[95%CI]=4.80[1.84 to 7.76],P=0.027,I^(2)=79.6%).Mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to positively impact motor function and memory function and protect dopaminergic neurons in preclinical models of Parkinson’s disease.Further research is required to determine the optimal stem cell types,modifications,transplanted cell numbe rs,and delivery methods for these protocols.

A Model of Grand Unified Theory: Suggested Solution for CP-Violation Using Ideas of Phase Paths

This study demonstrates that beyond standard model (BSM) cosmic fundamental interactions—weak, strong, and electromagnetic forces—can be unified through a common basis of representation. This unification allows for the derivation of the fine structure constant with running points of α(t) ≈ 1/(136.9038) at high energy scales, based on electroweak interactions. Through the application of the Ising model, the running point of the elementary charge e at high energy scales is determined, and Coulomb’s law is actually derived from the Yukawa potential. Theoretically, based on S. Weinberg’s electroweak interaction theory, this study unifies the strong and electromagnetic forces by representing them with rYuka, and further advances the reconstruction of the SU(3)C×SU(1)L×U(1)EMframework on the basis of electroweak interaction concepts. In fact, the cosmic fundamental forces can interchange at the mass gap, defined as the Yukawa turning phase at rYuka ≃1.9404 fm, with the SU(3)Diag structural constant fijk on glueballs calculated, estimating a spectrum mass gap of ∆0 > 0.

Evaluating the role of large language models in inflammatory bowel disease patient information

This letter evaluates the article by Gravina et al on ChatGPT’s potential in providing medical information for inflammatory bowel disease patients.While promising,it highlights the need for advanced techniques like reasoning+action and retrieval-augmented generation to improve accuracy and reliability.Emphasizing that simple question and answer testing is insufficient,it calls for more nuanced evaluation methods to truly gauge large language models’capabilities in clinical applications.

Solving the Olbers’s Paradox, Explaining the “Red-Shift”, and Challenging the Relativities by “Sun Matters Theory” and “Sun Model of Universe”, an Evolution of the Einstein’s Static Universe Model

Olbers’s paradox, known as the dark night paradox, is an argument in astrophysics that the darkness of the night sky conflicts with the assumption of an infinite and eternal static universe. Big-Bang theory was used to partially explain this paradox, while introducing new problems. Hereby, we propose a better theory, named Sun Matters Theory, to explain this paradox. Moreover, this unique theory supports and extended the Einstein’s static universe model proposed by Albert Einstein in 1917. Further, we proposed our new universe model, “Sun Model of Universe”. Based on the new model and novel theory, we generated innovative field equation by upgrading Einstein’s Field Equation through adding back the cosmological constant, introducing a new variable and modifying the gravitationally-related concepts. According to the Sun Model of Universe, the dark matter and dark energy comprise the so-called “Sun Matters”. The observed phenomenon like the red shift is explained as due to the interaction of ordinary light with Sun Matters leading to its energy and frequency decrease. In Sun Model, our big universe consists of many universes with ordinary matter at the core mixed and surrounded with the Sun Matters. In those universes, the laws of physics may be completely or partially different from that of our ordinary universe with parallel civilizations. The darkness of night can be easily explained as resulting from the interaction of light with the Sun Matters leading to the sharp decrease in the light intensity. Sun Matters also scatter the light from a star, which makes it shining as observed by Hubble. Further, there is a kind of Sun Matters named “Sun Waters”, surrounding every starts. When lights pass by the sun, the Sun Waters deflect the lights to bend the light path. According to the Sun Model, it is the light bent not the space bent that was proposed in the theory of relativities.

Hubble Tension Explanation from This Cosmological Model AΛΩ (Slow Bang Model, SB)

In this article we present a model of Hubble-Lemaître law using the notions of a transmitter (galaxy) and a receiver (MW) coupled to a model of the universe (Slow Bang Model, SB), based on a quantum approach of the evolution of space-time as well as an equation of state that retains all the infinitesimal terms. We find an explanation of the Hubble tension H0. Indeed, we have seen that this constant depends on the transceiver pair which can vary from the lowest observable value, from photons of the CMB (theoretical [km/s/Mpc]) to increasingly higher values depending on the earlier origin of the formation of the observed galaxy or cluster (ETG ~0.3 [Gy], ~74 [km/s/Mpc]). We have produced a theoretical table of the values of the constant according to the possible pairs of transmitter/receiver in the case where these galaxies follow the Hubble flow without large disturbance. The calculated theoretical values of the constant are in the order of magnitude of all values mentioned in past studies. Subsequently, we applied the models to 9 galaxies and COMA cluster and found that the models predict acceptable values of their distances and Hubble constant since these galaxies mainly follow the Hubble flow rather than the effects of a galaxy cluster or a group of clusters. In conclusion, we affirm that this Hubble tension does not really exist and it is rather the understanding of the meaning of this constant that is questioned.

Analysis of Porter’s Five Forces Competitive Model in China’s Property Rights Trading Market

In recent years,China’s property rights trading market has been extremely competitive,but there are also new contradictions and challenges.This paper aims to analyze the external and internal competitive market of the property rights market through Porter’s five forces competition model,then find out the problems and defects in the development,thereby promoting the better development and progress of China’s property rights trading market.

Exploring the role of N-acetyltransferases in diseases:a focus on N-acetyltransferase 9 in neurodegeneration

Acetyltransferases,required to transfer an acetyl group on protein are highly conserved proteins that play a crucial role in development and disease.Protein acetylation is a common post-translational modification pivotal to basic cellular processes.Close to 80%-90%of proteins are acetylated during translation,which is an irreversible process that affects protein structure,function,life,and localization.In this review,we have discussed the various N-acetyltransferases present in humans,their function,and how they might play a role in diseases.Furthermore,we have focused on N-acetyltransferase 9 and its role in microtubule stability.We have shed light on how N-acetyltransferase 9 and acetylation of proteins can potentially play a role in neurodegenerative diseases.We have specifically discussed the N-acetyltransferase 9-acetylation independent function and regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling and microtubule stability during development and neurodegeneration.

Rock skeleton models and seismic porosity inversion

By substituting rock skeleton modulus expressions into Gassmann approximate fluid equation, we obtain a seismic porosity inversion equation. However, conventional rock skeleton models and their expressions are quite different from each other, resuling in different seismic porosity inversion equations, potentially leading to difficulties in correctly applying them and evaluating their results. In response to this, a uniform relation with two adjusting parameters suitable for all rock skeleton models is established from an analysis and comparison of various conventional rock skeleton models and their expressions including the Eshelby-Walsh, Pride, Geertsma, Nur, Keys-Xu, and Krief models. By giving the two adjusting parameters specific values, different rock skeleton models with specific physical characteristics can be generated. This allows us to select the most appropriate rock skeleton model based on geological and geophysical conditions, and to develop more wise seismic porosity inversion. As an example of using this method for hydrocarbon prediction and fluid identification, we apply this improved porosity inversion, associated with rock physical data and well log data, to the ZJ basin. Research shows that the existence of an abundant hydrocarbon reservoir is dependent on a moderate porosity range, which means we can use the results of seismic porosity inversion to identify oil reservoirs and dry or water-saturated reservoirs. The seismic inversion results are closely correspond to well log porosity curves in the ZJ area, indicating that the uniform relations and inversion methods proposed in this paper are reliable and effective.

Modeling foraging habitats of Hume’s Pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae) in Dazhong Mountain, Yunnan, southwestern China

We modeled foraging habitats of Hume’s Pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae) on a macro-habitat level using ArcGIS in an attempt to provide scientific reference for management and restoration of habitats. Field work was conducted from March to April in 2006 and 2008, and from October to November in 2005 and 2008 in Dazhong Mountain, Yunnan Province, southwestern China. The selection of ecological factors was estimated by means of a resource selection index, distance analysis and the method of hierarchical habitat selection. The foraging habitat patches were modeled spatially by ArcGIS. The results show that actual and potential foraging patches overlapped considerably in spring and autumn. The number and total areas of patches in the autumn were smaller than those in the spring. The minimum and average areas of patches in the autumn were larger than those in the spring, while the maximum areas of actual and potential foraging patches in the autumn were equal to those in the spring. Similarity in the selection for survival and safety consideration in both seasons was the main strategy for landscape factors of habitats by Hume’s Pheasant, while seasonal difference in selecting a landscape matrix was their secondary strategy, affecting landscape factors in the habitat. Changes of foraging patches in both seasons reflect a difference of resources requirement by the bird. Fragmentation and miniaturization of foraging patches would result in the formation of a meta-population of Hume’s Pheasant.

改进Ramsey模型的城市公共交通分时段定价方法研究

考虑城市公交服务均等化、乘客接受程度、地方财政补贴能力等因素,合理确定城市公共交通票价是急需解决的新课题。以改进拉姆齐模型为理论依据,根据客运量的不同,构建分时段的城市公共交通定价模型。利用我国某一地区城市公交的运营数据对所建立的模型进行标定和求解,验证了模型的科学性和有效性,为决策者制定多样化的公交票价结构提供理论依据。

经典Ramsey数DNA计算模型(Ⅰ):位序列计算模型

Ramsey数问题是组合数学乃至整个数学中最具魅力的研究领域,也是最困难的数学问题之一.对于经典Ramsey数,至今只有9个Ramsey数得到解决.按照传统的算法,其搜索空间太大,当前的电子计算机无法胜任.研究表明,DNA计算在求解困难的NP-完全问题上优于电子计算机.目前已经建立了众多求解NP-完全问题的DNA计算模型,但未见到用于求解Ramsey数的DNA计算模型.作者建立了一种新颖的DNA计算模型,用于一般经典Ramsey数的求解.全文共分两篇,该文属首篇,建立了一种可适用于DNA计算模式的所谓的求解Ramsey数的位序列计算模型,其中的位序列是以图的相邻矩阵下三角阵中行从左到右、列从上到下的排列次序.文中重点对该模型的机理与使用方法进行了分析研究.

经典Ramsey数DNA计算模型(Ⅱ)：基于位序列的DNA计算模型

Ramsey数问题是组合数学乃至整个数学中最具魅力的研究领域,也是最困难的数学问题之一.对于经典Ramsey数,至今只有9个Ramsey数得到解决.按照传统的算法,其搜索空间太大,当前的电子计算机无法胜任.研究表明,DNA计算在求解困难的NP-完全问题上优于电子计算机.目前已经建立了众多求解NP-完全问题的DNA计算模型,但未见到用于求解Ramsey数的DNA计算模型.作者建立了一种新颖的DNA计算模型,用于一般经典Ramsey数的求解.全文共分两篇,该文属第二篇,在首篇工作的基础上,建立了所谓的经典Ramsey数位序列DNA计算模型,文中对模型的存储库的建立、解的检测子系统以及运算子系统等问题展开了较为详细地讨论,并给出了使用该模型求解经典Ramsey数详细的方法与步骤.

基于Ramsey模型的城镇水价定价方法研究

将经济学中的Ramsey模型引入我国现试行的阶梯式水价中,通过水务企业供水成本及目标利润之间的经济关系,借助边际成本、需求价格弹性等参数在保证社会福利最大化的前提下,得到了阶梯式水价模型中各级水价以及水量基数的关系算式,并利用水务企业长期总成本曲线确定了各级水量基数加权边际成本以及通过模拟实验法获取了各级水量基数加权需求价格弹性,为各级水价与水量基数的计算提供了参数依据。

Leaf Area Calculation Model of E.urophylla and E.grandis×E.urophylla

[Objective] The aim was to build an optimal leaf area measurement model of E. urophylla and E. grandis×E.urophylla. [Method] The correlation between leaf area and leaf＇s eigenvalue of E. urophylla and E. grandis×E.urophylla were studied. [Result] There was certain difference in leaf characteristics values between the 2 species. The leaf areas of E. urophylla and E. grandis×E.urophylla both had significant correlation with leaf length,leaf width,leaf perimeter,leaf length × leaf width,the ratio of leaf length to leaf width,shape factor,etc.,so the factors could be constructed into a regression model with leaf area. Among them,the best 2 models for leaf area calculation which were built by leaf length × leaf width of E. urophylla and E. grandis×E.urophylla both had relatively high accuracy and practical applications. [Conclusion] The research provides a simple and effective leaf area measurement method for studies on the 2 tree species.

关于Ramsey图:一个递归型查找图中所有给定元素个数独立集的算法

改进了作者在文献〔1〕中给出的算法 ,给出一个速度较快的新算法 ,对一个可能的 ( s,t,n) -Ramsey图 ,该算法可以找出其中所有给定元素个数的独立集 ,进而可以检验该图是否是一个 ( s,t,n) -Ramsey图 .

具有内生人口转变的Ramsey模型与仿真(Ⅰ)(英文)

本文将内生人口转变函数引入经典的Ramsey模型.通过解家庭效用最大化问题得到一个二维的动力系统,文中证明描述模型的动力系统至少存在一个非零平衡点并着重讨论非零平衡点惟一的情形.通过数值仿真得出在最优经济增长轨道上人口转变时期的人口变化对人均消费有本质的影响,而对人均资本影响不大.

构造对角Ramsey图的DNA算法设计

Ramsey数问题是一个著名的组合优化问题,同时也是一个NP完全问题。构造对角Ramsey图是一个难处理的计算问题,使用穷举的算法来构造对角Ramsey图必然导致计算量的指数爆炸,穷举的DNA算法也不例外。提出了一个构造对角Ramsey图的递阶式DNA粘贴—剪接算法,该算法通过逐个添加顶点的思想,逐步删除了问题的绝大部分非解,在一定程度上缓解了问题解的空间扩散。特别地,专门针对对角Ramsey数R(5,5)的43阶Ramsey图的构造问题进行了计算分析,分析结果充分地肯定了该算法的有效性。

The Cultural Implication of Brick Carving Model Calligraphy in Shanxi Chang's Manor

Focusing on the unique style of brick carving model calligraphy in Shanxi Chang's manor,this research analyses the content and feature of the different parts of brick carving,and discuses the presenting cultural deposits.It reflects the deep Confucian culture of Shanxi Chang's manor,with the peculiar charming in culture and aesthetic value.

基于Ramsey方法的最优所得税动态研究——对Chamley(1986)的动态扩展

以Judd(1985)和Chamley(1986)为开端,经典文献对最优资本所得税的分析结论为:稳态最优资本所得税为零,然而现实中几乎所有的国家都对资本收入征税。本文以Chamley(1986)为基础,构建了具有加性可分的效用函数、规模报酬不变的柯布道格拉斯生产函数的新古典经济增长模型,采用Ramsey方法对最优资本所得税和劳动所得税进行了动态研究。结果表明:随着经济的发展,最优资本所得税下降并趋向于零,最优劳动所得税上升并趋向于某个正数。

高压管汇材料疲劳性能测试及P-S-N模型曲线的拟合

高压管汇作为压裂设备中的主要易损件之一,其失效危害较大。它的失效原因主要是疲劳、冲蚀、腐蚀或者材料缺陷引起的刺漏和爆裂,其中尤以疲劳失效最不可预估。目前,对于高压管汇材料的疲劳性能研究不够深入,为解决高压管汇材料疲劳寿命的准确描述问题,以某国产高压管汇材料为例,进行了一系列疲劳试验,并基于试验数据,采用多种分布模型和不同S-N模型进行拟合分析,得出综合评价拟合能力最强的P-S-N模型。结果表明,该材料在中长疲劳寿命区,Weibull三参数模型在7级应力水平下综合评价能力最好;在存活率分别为50%、90%、99%、99.9%时,指数S-N模型的拟合系数均大于0.98,拟合能力最好。得出的P-S-N模型曲线可以为高压管汇的疲劳寿命以及安全设计提供依据。