为确定分布于我国大兴安岭西北麓的濒危驯鹿(Rangifer tarandus)的春季生境选择特征,于2012和2013年的3—4月间,采用样线样方结合的生境调查方法,对内蒙根河驯鹿的春季偏好生境和对照生境进行了取样,并对样方的海拔和乔木郁闭度等23个...为确定分布于我国大兴安岭西北麓的濒危驯鹿(Rangifer tarandus)的春季生境选择特征,于2012和2013年的3—4月间,采用样线样方结合的生境调查方法,对内蒙根河驯鹿的春季偏好生境和对照生境进行了取样,并对样方的海拔和乔木郁闭度等23个生境变量进行了计测与分析。结果表明:与非利用样方(n=132)相比,驯鹿春季偏好生境(n=79)的海拔((957.27±1.68)m)、乔木郁闭度((32.84±2.72)%)、乔木密度(21.72±1.52)、地表植被盖度((85.06±1.03)%)、树桩数(6.81±0.45)和倒木数(5.73±0.54)均显著较大(Mann-Whitney U test,P<0.05),而灌木盖度((57.95±2.79)%)、枯草盖度((33.11±2.79)%)、乔木高度((9.58±0.27)m)和灌木均高((59.85±2.69)cm)显著较小(Mann-Whitney U test,P<0.05),而且驯鹿春季趋向于选择西坡和南坡(77.21%)的坡度较缓(93.67%)、位于坡中下位(67.09%)的生境,并偏好选择针叶林(68.35%)中的隐蔽度好(82.28%)、避风状况良好(64.56%)、湿润(60.76%)、距水源较近(≤1000 m,94.94%)及距人为干扰较远(≥1000m,87.34%)的生境(Chi-Square test,P<0.05)。此外,驯鹿偏好生境的变量主成分分析结果表明,坡位、乔木特征(乔木胸径和乔木高度)、食物多度(灌木盖度、倒木数及树桩数)、雪被特征(雪深、雪盖度和郁闭度)、干扰强度(距人为干扰距离)、植被类型(坡向和植被类型)是影响驯鹿春季生境选择的重要因素,综合体现了驯鹿在春季对保温、食物和安全性的需求。展开更多
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to consolidate information about(1)Pb and Hg concentrations in reindeer(Rangifer tarandus)meat from different Arctic regions and the factors affecting the concentrations ...This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to consolidate information about(1)Pb and Hg concentrations in reindeer(Rangifer tarandus)meat from different Arctic regions and the factors affecting the concentrations and(2)the effects of Pb and Hg on human health in the Arctic.The study was performed following guidelines outlined in Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statements.We performed literature searches using the databases Cochrane Library,CrossRef,CyberLeninka,eLibrary,Embase,Medline,PubMed,and Scopus.A total of 3614publications from January 1980 to November 2023 were scrutinized.Thirty-four relevant studies from Canada,Finland,Greenland(Denmark),Norway,Russia(covering six high latitude regions),Sweden,and the United States were selected for synthesis.The highest Hg concentrations in reindeer meat from Arctic regions were found in samples from Alaska(USA),Canada,Greenland(Denmark),the Nenets Autonomous Okrug(Russia),and Sweden,and the highest Pb concentrations were found in samples from Greenland(Denmark),the Nenets Autonomous Okrug(Russia),Norway,and the Taimyr Peninsula(Russia).The Pb and Hg concentrations in reindeer meat from Finland and the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug(Russia)were relatively low.The results indicated that extractive industries in Arctic regions are important sources of toxic metals such as Pb and Hg in reindeer meat.展开更多
Scale remains a foundational concept in ecology.Spatial scale,for instance,has become a central consideration in the way we understand landscape ecology and animal space use.Meanwhile,scale-dependent social processes ...Scale remains a foundational concept in ecology.Spatial scale,for instance,has become a central consideration in the way we understand landscape ecology and animal space use.Meanwhile,scale-dependent social processes can range from fine scale interactions to co-occurrence and overlapping home ranges.Furthermore,sociality can vary within and across seasons.Multilayer networks promise the explicit integration of the social,spatial,and temporal contexts.Given the complex interplay of sociality and animal space use in heterogeneous landscapes,there remains an important gap in our understanding of the influence of scale on animal social networks.Using an empirical case study,we discuss ways of considering social,spatial,and temporal scale in the context of multilayer caribou social networks.Effective integration of social and spatial processes,including biologically meaningful scales,within the context of animal social networks is an emerging area of research.We incorporate perspectives that link the social environment to spatial processes across scales in a multilayer context.展开更多
文摘为确定分布于我国大兴安岭西北麓的濒危驯鹿(Rangifer tarandus)的春季生境选择特征,于2012和2013年的3—4月间,采用样线样方结合的生境调查方法,对内蒙根河驯鹿的春季偏好生境和对照生境进行了取样,并对样方的海拔和乔木郁闭度等23个生境变量进行了计测与分析。结果表明:与非利用样方(n=132)相比,驯鹿春季偏好生境(n=79)的海拔((957.27±1.68)m)、乔木郁闭度((32.84±2.72)%)、乔木密度(21.72±1.52)、地表植被盖度((85.06±1.03)%)、树桩数(6.81±0.45)和倒木数(5.73±0.54)均显著较大(Mann-Whitney U test,P<0.05),而灌木盖度((57.95±2.79)%)、枯草盖度((33.11±2.79)%)、乔木高度((9.58±0.27)m)和灌木均高((59.85±2.69)cm)显著较小(Mann-Whitney U test,P<0.05),而且驯鹿春季趋向于选择西坡和南坡(77.21%)的坡度较缓(93.67%)、位于坡中下位(67.09%)的生境,并偏好选择针叶林(68.35%)中的隐蔽度好(82.28%)、避风状况良好(64.56%)、湿润(60.76%)、距水源较近(≤1000 m,94.94%)及距人为干扰较远(≥1000m,87.34%)的生境(Chi-Square test,P<0.05)。此外,驯鹿偏好生境的变量主成分分析结果表明,坡位、乔木特征(乔木胸径和乔木高度)、食物多度(灌木盖度、倒木数及树桩数)、雪被特征(雪深、雪盖度和郁闭度)、干扰强度(距人为干扰距离)、植被类型(坡向和植被类型)是影响驯鹿春季生境选择的重要因素,综合体现了驯鹿在春季对保温、食物和安全性的需求。
文摘This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to consolidate information about(1)Pb and Hg concentrations in reindeer(Rangifer tarandus)meat from different Arctic regions and the factors affecting the concentrations and(2)the effects of Pb and Hg on human health in the Arctic.The study was performed following guidelines outlined in Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statements.We performed literature searches using the databases Cochrane Library,CrossRef,CyberLeninka,eLibrary,Embase,Medline,PubMed,and Scopus.A total of 3614publications from January 1980 to November 2023 were scrutinized.Thirty-four relevant studies from Canada,Finland,Greenland(Denmark),Norway,Russia(covering six high latitude regions),Sweden,and the United States were selected for synthesis.The highest Hg concentrations in reindeer meat from Arctic regions were found in samples from Alaska(USA),Canada,Greenland(Denmark),the Nenets Autonomous Okrug(Russia),and Sweden,and the highest Pb concentrations were found in samples from Greenland(Denmark),the Nenets Autonomous Okrug(Russia),Norway,and the Taimyr Peninsula(Russia).The Pb and Hg concentrations in reindeer meat from Finland and the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug(Russia)were relatively low.The results indicated that extractive industries in Arctic regions are important sources of toxic metals such as Pb and Hg in reindeer meat.
基金Funding for this study was provided by a Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship to Q.M.R.W.(acronym of author Quinn M.R.Webber)a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant to E.V.W.
文摘Scale remains a foundational concept in ecology.Spatial scale,for instance,has become a central consideration in the way we understand landscape ecology and animal space use.Meanwhile,scale-dependent social processes can range from fine scale interactions to co-occurrence and overlapping home ranges.Furthermore,sociality can vary within and across seasons.Multilayer networks promise the explicit integration of the social,spatial,and temporal contexts.Given the complex interplay of sociality and animal space use in heterogeneous landscapes,there remains an important gap in our understanding of the influence of scale on animal social networks.Using an empirical case study,we discuss ways of considering social,spatial,and temporal scale in the context of multilayer caribou social networks.Effective integration of social and spatial processes,including biologically meaningful scales,within the context of animal social networks is an emerging area of research.We incorporate perspectives that link the social environment to spatial processes across scales in a multilayer context.
