Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Vortex Tube Using Steel Material

Experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are investigated through the vortex tube system. The benefit of vortex tube is a counter flow type tube, which has further designed and fabricated for investigation. The whole set up is consisting of a simple device that can separate a single stream of compressed air into two streams;one is at high temperature and the other is lower temperature following an inlet gas stream. The advantages of this tube are their compactness, safety, and low equipment cost mainly used in cooling and heating applications. This study addressed three-dimensional flows;the domain is using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method and experimental approach to optimize the direction of RHVT. Through the CFD analysis, the best cold end diameter (dc), number of nozzles, and the best parameters for obtaining the highest hot gas temperature and lowest cold gas temperature were obtained and verified by experimental procedures.

Numerical prediction of vortex flow and thermal separation in a subsonic vortex tube

This work was aimed at gaining understanding of the physical behaviours of the flow and temperature separation process in a vortex tube. To investigate the cold mass fraction’s effect on the temperature separation, the numerical calculation was carried out using an algebraic Reynolds stress model (ASM) and the standard k-ε model. The modelling of turbulence of com-pressible, complex flows used in the simulation is discussed. Emphasis is given to the derivation of the ASM for 2D axisymmet-rical flows, particularly to the model constants in the algebraic Reynolds stress equations. The TEFESS code, based on a staggered Finite Volume approach with the standard k-ε model and first-order numerical schemes, was used to carry out all the computations. The predicted results for strongly swirling turbulent compressible flow in a vortex tube suggested that the use of the ASM leads to better agreement between the numerical results and experimental data, while the k-ε model cannot capture the stabilizing effect of the swirl.

Three-Dimensional Numerical Investigation of the Separation Process in a Vortex Tube at Different Operating Conditions

Air separators provide safe, clean, and appropriate air flow to engines and are widely used in vehicles with large engines such as ships and submarines. In this operational study, the separation process in a Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube cleaning （cooling） system is investigated to analyze the impact of the operating gas type on the vortex tube performance; the operating gases used are air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. The computational fluid dynamic model used is equipped with a three-dimensional structure, and the steady-state condition is applied during computations. The standard k-c turbulence model is employed to resolve nonlinear flow equations, and various key parameters, such as hot and cold exhaust thermal drops, and power separation rates, are described numerically. The results show that nitrogen dioxide creates the greatest separation power out of all gases tested, and the numerical results are validated by good agreement with available experimental data. In addition, a comparison is made between the use of two different boundary conditions, the pressure-far-field and the pressure-outlet, when analyzing complex turbulent flows in the air separators. Results present a comprehensive and practical solution for use in future numerical studies.

Numerical Study of Flow and Thermal Field on a Parallel Flow Vortex Tube

Flow and thermal field of a parallel flow vortex tube has been simulated and analyzed numerically. A secondary zone model is found at the core region near the inlet to the middle of the vortex tube. Blockage effect due to a narrow area of the hot exit has deflected air flow towards the cold exit, caused expansion and compression at the cold and hot outlet, respectively. The cooling and heating effect due to energy separation is contributed by expansion and compression of air near the outlet. Coeficient of performance (COP) for a refrigerator is higher as cold mass fraction increases due to a higher temperature difference and cold mass flow rate.

Experimental Study and 3D CFD Analysis on the Optimization of Throttle Angle for a Convergent Vortex Tube

Seven adjustments of convergent-type Vortex Tube （VT） with different throttle angles were applied. The adjustments were made to analyze the influences of such angles on cold and hot temperature drops as well as flow structures inside the VTs. An experimental setup was designed, and tests were performed on different convergent VT configurations at injection pressures ranging from 0.45 to 0.65 MPa. The angles of the throttle valve were arranged between 30° to 90°, and the numbers of injection nozzles ranged between 2 and 6. Laboratory results indicated that the maximum hot and cold temperature drops ranged from 23.24 to 35 K and from 22.87 to 32.88 K, respectively, at four injection nozzles. Results also showed that temperature drop is a function of hot throttle valve angle with the maximum hot and cold temperature drops depending on the angle applied. We used graphs to demonstrate the changes in the cold and hot temperature drops with respect to hot throttle angle values. These values were interpreted and evaluated to determine the optimum angle, which was 60°. The CFD outputs agreed very well with the laboratory results. The proposed CFD results can help future researchers gain good insights into the complicated separation process taking place inside the VTs.

Simulation Analysis of Flow Characteristics in the Vortex Diode with Double Tangential Tube

The paper analyzed flow characteristics in vortex diode with double tangential tube by numerical simulation. Compared to traditional vortex diode with one tangential tube, the structure of double tangential tube can reduce the forward resistance and improve overall performance. The symmetrical design adopted in vortex diode with double tangential tube;the internal flow field in chamber showed symmetrical distribution in the reverse flow, which can improve the flow stability and accelerate the convergence speed in simulation.

水泵水轮机尾水管压力脉动特性及涡带特性分析

抽蓄电站是电网的重要组成部分,水泵水轮机长时间偏离最优工况运行会导致水力不稳定问题,其中,尾水管涡带和压力脉动问题备受关注,严重影响机组安全稳定运行。以水泵水轮机为研究对象,分析了其尾水管内流特性与压力脉动时频特性。对比了两种第二代和两种第三代涡识别方法对尾水管涡带演化过程的可视化效果,Omega-Liutex涡识别方法对阈值依赖性小且对涡带形态的识别更清晰完备,因此,采用Omega-Liutex涡识别方法研究了不同负荷工况下尾水管涡带的瞬态变化特性。研究结果可以为水泵水轮机稳定运行提供一定的理论参考。

最优尺寸参数对涡流管能量分离效应影响的研究

为确定出涡流管各因素的主次顺序,找出最优的参数组合,提出正交试验设计和极差分析法,找到涡流管能量分离效应的最优化尺寸参数。实验设定涡流管进气温度为26℃,环境温度为27.1℃,结果表明,4个尺寸参数对涡流管能量分离影响排序为:长径比>喷嘴数目>冷端直径>进气压力,每个参数的最优值各为长径比为25.0、喷嘴个数为6、冷端直径为5 mm、进气压力为0.8 MPa,并通过对试验结果的验证,发现涡流管的冷热端出口温差为95.2℃。根据正交试验设计方案找出了涡流管各部件的最优尺寸参数。

余热余压空气梯级利用的双涡流管有机朗肯循环综合性能分析与优化

为充分利用工业生产中的余热余压空气能量,同时降低ORC系统冷凝热损失,该文提出一种双涡流管ORC系统(ORC coupled with double vortex tubes,DVT-ORC)。利用热源涡流管将放热后的余热余压空气分离成冷、热空气,冷空气用于工质冷却,热空气作为二级蒸发器的热源且换热后其余压用于驱动气动增压泵;利用工质涡流管将透平乏气分离成冷、热气流,热气流经气动增压泵升压再循环,冷气流进入空气冷却器冷却。以150℃、0.6 MPa的空气为初始热源,R245fa为工质,建立热力与经济的多目标优化模型,分析双涡流管冷流比和透平排气压力对系统综合性能的影响;采用遗传算法进行优化,确定系统最优工况。结果表明:当热源涡流管冷流比大于0.3时,DVT-ORC输出功大于基本ORC输出功,工质涡流管与空气冷却器的㶲损失之和较基本ORC系统冷凝器的㶲损失最大可减小1240.32 kW,单位电力生产成本较低,DVT-ORC系统热力性与经济性提升。系统最佳运行工况在透平排气压力为0.3007 MPa、工质涡流管冷流比为0.8738、热源涡流管冷流比为0.8942时,对应的净输出功为173.94 kW、热效率为13.57%、单位电力生产成本为0.415元/(kW·h)。

冷端管径对高压节流型涡流管性能影响分析

冷端管径(D_(c))是影响涡流管性能的重要因素之一,基于12 MPa的高压节流工况,以CH_(4)为计算工质,建立物理模型,改变D_(c)为36、38、40、42和44 mm。对比发现:随着D_(c)增大,冷端内旋气体温度逐渐下降,制冷效果提升;热端外旋气体温度先增加后下降,D_(c)=40 mm时制热效果最佳。反映出D_(c)与制冷效果呈正相关,但对制热效果存在最佳值。当D_(c)增大时,内旋气体总压下降幅度逐渐平缓,利于节流;在D_(c)≥40 mm时,外旋气体总压下降幅度变大,且变化不规律,节流时有损调节阀使用寿命。另外D_(c)=44 mm时,外旋气体速度变化规律异常。所以根据工况需求,可控制D_(c)尺寸来调节涡流管制冷制热效果。

海上移动平台直升机甲板圆管支撑结构安全评估

圆管支撑结构是海上移动式平台直升机甲板设计的重要部分,由于海上恶劣的风浪环境,使结构整体受风载荷的影响较大.现有直升机甲板圆管支撑结构的安全评估内容主要集中于圆管的静强度分析,缺乏风振响应分析,文中以海洋石油163平台直升机甲板为例,研究圆管支撑结构的静力和动力载荷输入,通过有限元强度分析和理论经验公式计算对比静力、风载荷作用下直升机甲板圆管支撑结构的受力情况,考虑风振涡激效应的准静态分析,在此基础上提出了直升机甲板圆管支撑结构的安全评估方法,探究了风载荷对结构整体安全的影响.

基于神经网络的输电塔钢管构件涡激振动幅值预测方法

输电塔中长细比较大的钢管构件容易发生低风速下的涡激振动,鉴于传统风洞试验和数值模拟研究方法存在的成本高、周期长的局限,该文提出了一种基于神经网络的输电塔钢管构件涡激振动幅值高效预测方法。为获取训练模型所需的数据集,发展了适用于任意插板形式、几何尺寸的钢管构件涡激振动响应分析方法;结合多种神经网络模型(BPNN、PSO-BPNN、RBFNN、GRNN)以及性能评价指标,建立了基于神经网络的输电塔钢管构件涡激振动幅值预测方法;通过算例对某C型插板和十字型插板钢管构件涡激振动幅值进行了预测。研究表明:通过与试验结果的对比,验证了该文输电塔钢管构件涡激振动响应分析方法的准确性,对于C型和十字型插板钢管构件VIV幅值的相对误差分别为3.84%和5.87%,利用该方法可为神经网络模型提供可靠样本;通过7折10次交叉验证优化超参数后的4种神经网络模型,均表现出较好的预测精度;相比之下,GRNN在C型插板和十字型插板钢管构件算例中均呈现出最佳的泛化能力,其R2值分别为0.989和0.992;采用GRNN方法可以较好地预测C型和十字型插板钢管构件在不同质量阻尼比参数下的VIV幅值,且在计算效率上相比于CFD方法具有明显的优势。

基于Omega涡识别方法的径流式水涡轮尾水管涡带特性

为了研究水涡轮尾水管的涡带特性与Omega涡识别方法对尾水管涡带的识别效果,对比了Q准则和λ_(2)准则以及Omega涡识别方法对尾水管涡带的识别效果,并基于Omega方法和降维的Omega方法分析了不同工况下尾水管的涡带特性.结果表明:对于径流式水涡轮,通过合理调整阈值,Q准则和λ_(2)准则以及Omega涡识别方法均能识别到清晰合理的尾水管涡结构,而Omega方法阈值选取区间较小且具有不敏感性;水涡轮尾水管在小流量工况时会出现较长的涡带,不利于机械的稳定性.同时运用二维Omega涡识别方法与拟涡能指标,在不同工况下对尾水管各监测面进行定量分析,确定涡量浓度高的区域,研究尾水管的能量耗散规律.结果发现,尾水管进水口到弯管之间的区域涡量浓度最高,能量耗散最大,流态最不稳定,这可为该型式水涡轮的结构优化提供理论参考与数据支撑.

鱼鳍型涡发生器强化管翅式换热器传热

提出了一种鱼鳍型涡发生器,并将其应用在管翅式换热器中强化传热。采用数值模拟方法研究了鱼鳍型涡发生器安装方式对换热器中流体流动和传热的影响,分析了流体流经涡发生器前后的压力变化。结果表明:涡发生器以common-flow-up方式安装在圆管下游时传热j因子提高了46.6%,摩擦因子提高了24.4%,与以common-flow-down方式安装于圆管上游相比,圆管后方的负压区更小,流动阻力更小,冷热流体的混合效果更好,因而具有更好的强化传热效果。

Exploration of the mechanism of cavitation vortex rope and vortex development in the draft tube of tubular turbine units

Draft tube vortex rope is considered a special cavitation flow phenomenon in tubular turbine units.Cavitation vortex rope is one of the most detrimental factors affecting the safety of hydraulic turbines.In this study,ANSYS CFX software was utilized to numerically simulate the internal cavitation flow of a hydraulic turbine draft tube.The evolution of the cavitation vortex core was characterized by vortex line distribution and vorticity transport equation.The shape and number of blades influenced the revolving direction and distribution characteristics of the vortex close to the runner cone,which formed a counterclockwise-clockwise-counterclockwise distribution pattern.Simultaneously,there were many secondary flows in the draft tube.Mutual cancellation and dissipation between the flows was one of the reasons for reduction in vorticity.When the cross-sectional shape of the draft tube was changed,the vorticity was distributed from the center of the vortex rope to all parts of the cross-sectional draft tube,with extreme values at the center and at the walls.The vortex stretching and dilatation terms played a major role in the change in vorticity,with the baroclinic torque having an effect at the center of the vortex rope,this study is helpful to understand the flow of water in the draft tube and guide the design and optimization of the draft tube in engineering application.

基于响应曲面法的涡旋管分离器结构优化

采用响应曲面法和数值模拟方法,以涡旋管分离器结构参数为设计变量,以分离效率和压降为目标函数,对涡旋管结构进行四因素的优化设计分析。结果表明:叶片数量对压降和分离效率影响较小;旋转角度对压降影响较弱,但对分离效率影响显著,且旋转角度与螺距及中心轴轴径对分离器分离性能的交互作用明显;螺距和中心轴轴径对压降和分离效率影响较大,且两者对分离器压降的影响有着很强的交互作用;与初始模型相比,基于响应曲面法设计的优化模型性能较佳。

Numerical Simulations of the Flow Field around a Cylindrical Lightning Rod

As an important lightning protection device in substations,lightning rods are susceptible to vibration and potential structural damage under wind loads.In order to understand their vibration mechanism,it is necessary to conduct flow analysis.In this study,numerical simulations of the flow field around a 330 kV cylindrical lightning rod with different diameters were performed using the SST k-ωmodel.The flow patterns in different segments of the lightning rod at the same reference wind speed(wind speed at a height of 10 m)and the flow patterns in the same segment at different reference wind speeds were investigated.The variations of lift coefficient,drag coefficient,and vorticity distribution were obtained.The results showed that vortex shedding phenomena occurred in all segments of the lightning rod,and the strength of vortex shedding increased with decreasing diameter.The vorticity magnitude and the root mean square magnitudes of the lift coefficient and drag coefficient also increased accordingly.The time history curves of the lift coefficient and drag coefficient on the surface of the lightning rod exhibited sinusoidal patterns with a single dominant frequency.For the same segment,as the wind speed increased in a certain range,the root mean square values of the lift coefficient and drag coefficient decreased,while their dominant frequencies increased.Moreover,there was a proportional relationship between the dominant frequencies of the lift coefficient and drag coefficient.The findings of this study can provide valuable insights for the refined design of lightning rods with similar structures.

涡流管制冷技术研究进展

涡流管是一种以压力为动力的没有运动部件的制冷装置,运行简单且维护成本低,但由于涡流管制冷系统的冷量小,因此只适用于小空间的制冷,限制了其在工业等领域的应用和推广。本文对涡流管制冷技术的研究进展和目前存在问题进行了综述,分析了涡流管制冷系统的技术特点,介绍了涡流管制冷技术的应用实例,总结了涡流管制冷技术的局限性,为涡流管制冷技术的应用推广提供了基础性资料。

基于弱可压的混流式水轮机流动特性数值研究

高水头混流式水轮机由于水轮机上下游具有较高的压差,水流在高压力下呈弱可压缩性,影响机组内流特性的分布规律。为进一步探究弱可压缩性对水轮机压力脉动及涡流特性的影响,本文考虑水流的弱可压缩性,对Francis99高水头模型水轮机部分负荷流动特性开展非稳态数值研究。结果表明,在忽略和考虑可压缩两种模式下,水轮机无叶区及转轮内压力脉动信号脉动规律较一致。可压缩模式同时预测到尾水管内的低频高振幅和高频低振幅压力脉动信息,且与测试结果更为吻合,表明弱可压缩性对尾水管内流动信息的准确捕捉有重要影响。对压力信号进行同步和非同步分解后发现,表征涡带旋转的非同步分量主导了尾水管涡带的运动。进一步,考虑水流的可压缩性捕捉到的螺旋状尾水管涡带在整个演化周期内均显示为连续结构,且回流区与涡带位置相对应,表明涡带所占据的区域内主要由回流运动主导。

喷嘴偏置角度对涡流管能量分离效应的影响分析

以理想空气为工质,对不同喷嘴偏置角度的涡流管进行了能量分离特性的数值模拟研究。此外,对涡流管内部速度场、温度场和压力场的分布规律进行了深入分析。模拟结果表明,不同偏置角度的喷嘴改变了涡流管切向速度和径向速度的分配,随着偏置角度的增大,轴向速度呈现增加趋势,轴向速度的变化会影响滞止点的位置,更大的轴向速度会使滞止点更加远离热端出口。涡流管中滞止点位置影响着冷流与热流的分界面大小,从而影响两股流体之间能量交换。随着冷流率的增大,4种不同涡流管的制冷效应逐渐减弱,且喷嘴偏置角度为0°时,涡流管表现出最佳制冷和制热效应。偏置角度在15°-45°变化时,随着喷嘴偏置角度增大,涡流管制冷和制热效应逐渐减弱。