Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Vortex Tube Using Steel Material

Experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are investigated through the vortex tube system. The benefit of vortex tube is a counter flow type tube, which has further designed and fabricated for investigation. The whole set up is consisting of a simple device that can separate a single stream of compressed air into two streams;one is at high temperature and the other is lower temperature following an inlet gas stream. The advantages of this tube are their compactness, safety, and low equipment cost mainly used in cooling and heating applications. This study addressed three-dimensional flows;the domain is using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method and experimental approach to optimize the direction of RHVT. Through the CFD analysis, the best cold end diameter (dc), number of nozzles, and the best parameters for obtaining the highest hot gas temperature and lowest cold gas temperature were obtained and verified by experimental procedures.

Numerical prediction of vortex flow and thermal separation in a subsonic vortex tube

This work was aimed at gaining understanding of the physical behaviours of the flow and temperature separation process in a vortex tube. To investigate the cold mass fraction’s effect on the temperature separation, the numerical calculation was carried out using an algebraic Reynolds stress model (ASM) and the standard k-ε model. The modelling of turbulence of com-pressible, complex flows used in the simulation is discussed. Emphasis is given to the derivation of the ASM for 2D axisymmet-rical flows, particularly to the model constants in the algebraic Reynolds stress equations. The TEFESS code, based on a staggered Finite Volume approach with the standard k-ε model and first-order numerical schemes, was used to carry out all the computations. The predicted results for strongly swirling turbulent compressible flow in a vortex tube suggested that the use of the ASM leads to better agreement between the numerical results and experimental data, while the k-ε model cannot capture the stabilizing effect of the swirl.

Three-Dimensional Numerical Investigation of the Separation Process in a Vortex Tube at Different Operating Conditions

Air separators provide safe, clean, and appropriate air flow to engines and are widely used in vehicles with large engines such as ships and submarines. In this operational study, the separation process in a Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube cleaning （cooling） system is investigated to analyze the impact of the operating gas type on the vortex tube performance; the operating gases used are air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. The computational fluid dynamic model used is equipped with a three-dimensional structure, and the steady-state condition is applied during computations. The standard k-c turbulence model is employed to resolve nonlinear flow equations, and various key parameters, such as hot and cold exhaust thermal drops, and power separation rates, are described numerically. The results show that nitrogen dioxide creates the greatest separation power out of all gases tested, and the numerical results are validated by good agreement with available experimental data. In addition, a comparison is made between the use of two different boundary conditions, the pressure-far-field and the pressure-outlet, when analyzing complex turbulent flows in the air separators. Results present a comprehensive and practical solution for use in future numerical studies.

Numerical Study of Flow and Thermal Field on a Parallel Flow Vortex Tube

Flow and thermal field of a parallel flow vortex tube has been simulated and analyzed numerically. A secondary zone model is found at the core region near the inlet to the middle of the vortex tube. Blockage effect due to a narrow area of the hot exit has deflected air flow towards the cold exit, caused expansion and compression at the cold and hot outlet, respectively. The cooling and heating effect due to energy separation is contributed by expansion and compression of air near the outlet. Coeficient of performance (COP) for a refrigerator is higher as cold mass fraction increases due to a higher temperature difference and cold mass flow rate.

Experimental Study and 3D CFD Analysis on the Optimization of Throttle Angle for a Convergent Vortex Tube

Seven adjustments of convergent-type Vortex Tube （VT） with different throttle angles were applied. The adjustments were made to analyze the influences of such angles on cold and hot temperature drops as well as flow structures inside the VTs. An experimental setup was designed, and tests were performed on different convergent VT configurations at injection pressures ranging from 0.45 to 0.65 MPa. The angles of the throttle valve were arranged between 30° to 90°, and the numbers of injection nozzles ranged between 2 and 6. Laboratory results indicated that the maximum hot and cold temperature drops ranged from 23.24 to 35 K and from 22.87 to 32.88 K, respectively, at four injection nozzles. Results also showed that temperature drop is a function of hot throttle valve angle with the maximum hot and cold temperature drops depending on the angle applied. We used graphs to demonstrate the changes in the cold and hot temperature drops with respect to hot throttle angle values. These values were interpreted and evaluated to determine the optimum angle, which was 60°. The CFD outputs agreed very well with the laboratory results. The proposed CFD results can help future researchers gain good insights into the complicated separation process taking place inside the VTs.

Simulation Analysis of Flow Characteristics in the Vortex Diode with Double Tangential Tube

The paper analyzed flow characteristics in vortex diode with double tangential tube by numerical simulation. Compared to traditional vortex diode with one tangential tube, the structure of double tangential tube can reduce the forward resistance and improve overall performance. The symmetrical design adopted in vortex diode with double tangential tube;the internal flow field in chamber showed symmetrical distribution in the reverse flow, which can improve the flow stability and accelerate the convergence speed in simulation.

Flow-Induced Acoustic Resonances in Exhaust Gas Economizer Tube Banks

To investigate the conditions under which acoustic resonances occur, staggered arrays of closely spaced rigid tubes were tested in a wind tunnel under various flow velocities. The author investigated the Strouhal numbers at which flow periodicities occur, the relation between these Strouhal numbers and those at which acoustic resonances occur, and the effects of Reynolds number and longitudinal tube spacings on the occurrence of acoustic resonance. This investigation showed the following： （1） Acoustic resonance can be produced at a frequency well removed from that of vortex shedding. The results also show evidence of vortex shedding and acoustic resonance existing simultaneously but at different frequencies. （2） Acoustic resonance behavior is consistent with that of a self-excited system. （3） A new model of this phenomenon provides an improved procedure for avoiding acoustic resonances in closely spaced tube banks.

Effect of Arrangement of Tube Banks on Acoustic Resonance

In the present paper the attention is focused on effect of arrangement of tube banks on acoustic resonance which occurred in the two-dimensional model of boiler. We have examined the characteristics of vortex shedding and acoustic resonance generated from in-line and staggered tube banks. At the small tube pitch ratio in in-line tube banks, acoustic resonance of third and fourth mode in the transverse direction occurred. As the tube pitch ratio in the flow direction decreased, the vortex shedding frequency became broad-band. The alternative vortex shed from in-line tube banks. The multiple resonance modes were generated within the broad-band vortex shedding frequency. And the acoustic resonances of lower-order modes occurred at the higher gap velocity. On the other hand, at the small tube pitch ratio in staggered tube banks, acoustic resonance did not occurred, although the vortex shed at the resonance frequency in tube banks. The pressure drop at staggered tube banks was larger than that of in-line tube banks. The symmetric vortices were observed inside staggered tube banks at the small tube pitch ratio.

水泵水轮机尾水管压力脉动特性及涡带特性分析

抽蓄电站是电网的重要组成部分,水泵水轮机长时间偏离最优工况运行会导致水力不稳定问题,其中,尾水管涡带和压力脉动问题备受关注,严重影响机组安全稳定运行。以水泵水轮机为研究对象,分析了其尾水管内流特性与压力脉动时频特性。对比了两种第二代和两种第三代涡识别方法对尾水管涡带演化过程的可视化效果,Omega-Liutex涡识别方法对阈值依赖性小且对涡带形态的识别更清晰完备,因此,采用Omega-Liutex涡识别方法研究了不同负荷工况下尾水管涡带的瞬态变化特性。研究结果可以为水泵水轮机稳定运行提供一定的理论参考。

最优尺寸参数对涡流管能量分离效应影响的研究

为确定出涡流管各因素的主次顺序,找出最优的参数组合,提出正交试验设计和极差分析法,找到涡流管能量分离效应的最优化尺寸参数。实验设定涡流管进气温度为26℃,环境温度为27.1℃,结果表明,4个尺寸参数对涡流管能量分离影响排序为:长径比>喷嘴数目>冷端直径>进气压力,每个参数的最优值各为长径比为25.0、喷嘴个数为6、冷端直径为5 mm、进气压力为0.8 MPa,并通过对试验结果的验证,发现涡流管的冷热端出口温差为95.2℃。根据正交试验设计方案找出了涡流管各部件的最优尺寸参数。

运行负载扰动条件下水轮机流态演化和空化性能研究

空化现象是流体在能量转换过程中特有的一种不稳定水力现象,严重时可导致水力机械过流部件因空蚀损伤而造成惨重损失。为探究不同负载条件下混流式水轮机内部空化现象与涡流流动特征之间的关联,针对不同负荷工况下水轮机展开全流道三维空化流数值计算。结果表明:机组内的空化现象主要存在于流动特征较为复杂的转轮和尾水管流域,空化剧烈程度随机组负荷减小而增强,最小负荷工况相较额定工况,转轮流域空泡体积峰值增长约32倍;104%超负荷工况和额定工况下,尾水管涡带形态呈轴向直涡状旋流结构纺锤体涡带。机组负荷减小至93%和80%时,涡带结构主导了尾水管流域的流动特征,受涡带结构对周围流体的“排挤”作用和偏心螺旋型运动作用,流动状态的轴对称性被打破,使得涡核周围高速区流体的强度和位置也随着涡带的时域变迁而改变。涡核中心产生空化现象,涡带形态演化为空腔螺旋涡带;机组负荷继续减小,尾水管内流体周向旋转的牵连速度分量逐渐极致占优,受限于尾水管内流量不够充沛,导致尾水管涡带形态难以保持稳定运转,在64%和47%低负荷工况下,巨大空腔挤占尾水管空间并压迫管壁流体,涡带结构破碎形成空腔拧漩流涡带;低负荷工况下,尾水管流域空泡体积波动呈频率为0.075倍~0.225倍转轮转频的低频脉动,其波动频率随负荷降低而减小,尾水管内空泡体积的波动可能诱使尾水管壁出现低频压力脉动成分。

余热余压空气梯级利用的双涡流管有机朗肯循环综合性能分析与优化

为充分利用工业生产中的余热余压空气能量,同时降低ORC系统冷凝热损失,该文提出一种双涡流管ORC系统(ORC coupled with double vortex tubes,DVT-ORC)。利用热源涡流管将放热后的余热余压空气分离成冷、热空气,冷空气用于工质冷却,热空气作为二级蒸发器的热源且换热后其余压用于驱动气动增压泵;利用工质涡流管将透平乏气分离成冷、热气流,热气流经气动增压泵升压再循环,冷气流进入空气冷却器冷却。以150℃、0.6 MPa的空气为初始热源,R245fa为工质,建立热力与经济的多目标优化模型,分析双涡流管冷流比和透平排气压力对系统综合性能的影响;采用遗传算法进行优化,确定系统最优工况。结果表明:当热源涡流管冷流比大于0.3时,DVT-ORC输出功大于基本ORC输出功,工质涡流管与空气冷却器的㶲损失之和较基本ORC系统冷凝器的㶲损失最大可减小1240.32 kW,单位电力生产成本较低,DVT-ORC系统热力性与经济性提升。系统最佳运行工况在透平排气压力为0.3007 MPa、工质涡流管冷流比为0.8738、热源涡流管冷流比为0.8942时,对应的净输出功为173.94 kW、热效率为13.57%、单位电力生产成本为0.415元/(kW·h)。

冷端管径对高压节流型涡流管性能影响分析

冷端管径(D_(c))是影响涡流管性能的重要因素之一,基于12 MPa的高压节流工况,以CH_(4)为计算工质,建立物理模型,改变D_(c)为36、38、40、42和44 mm。对比发现:随着D_(c)增大,冷端内旋气体温度逐渐下降,制冷效果提升;热端外旋气体温度先增加后下降,D_(c)=40 mm时制热效果最佳。反映出D_(c)与制冷效果呈正相关,但对制热效果存在最佳值。当D_(c)增大时,内旋气体总压下降幅度逐渐平缓,利于节流;在D_(c)≥40 mm时,外旋气体总压下降幅度变大,且变化不规律,节流时有损调节阀使用寿命。另外D_(c)=44 mm时,外旋气体速度变化规律异常。所以根据工况需求,可控制D_(c)尺寸来调节涡流管制冷制热效果。

一种新型可调涡流管膨胀的跨临界CO_(2)热泵系统性能研究

在跨临界CO_(2)热泵循环中,采用涡流管膨胀替代常规节流阀的Maurer模型可减小节流损失、提高系统性能,但存在不能自动调节的难题。通过对Maurer模型进行改进,本文提出一种新型可调涡流管膨胀的跨临界CO_(2)热泵系统,通过建立理论模型模拟分析了新型系统的性能特点,并与膨胀阀节流的常规系统和Maurer模型的性能进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:1)新型系统能实现对系统制热量与压缩机排气温度的自动控制。当蒸发温度改变时,新型系统可以通过改变电子流量调节阀开度实现对调节压缩机排气温度的控制,还可以通过改变调节压缩机频率实现对冷质量分数与涡流管热端出口温度的控制,进而调节系统制热量。新型系统保证了涡流管热端出口温度和压缩机排气温度不超过120℃警戒值的同时维持了较高的制热量,改善了系统性能。2)新型系统的性能优于常规系统和Maurer模型。通过将涡流管热端出口温度与调节压缩机排气温度控制在较高水平,新型系统能具有更高的制热量和更好的性能。当全年蒸发温度在-10~10℃间变化时,新型系统的COP和制热量较常规系统分别增大了13.1%和16.7%,较Maurer模型分别增大了2.7%和6.1%。新型系统对系统性能的改善效果会随着蒸发温度变化范围的扩大更加显著。

海上移动平台直升机甲板圆管支撑结构安全评估

圆管支撑结构是海上移动式平台直升机甲板设计的重要部分,由于海上恶劣的风浪环境,使结构整体受风载荷的影响较大.现有直升机甲板圆管支撑结构的安全评估内容主要集中于圆管的静强度分析,缺乏风振响应分析,文中以海洋石油163平台直升机甲板为例,研究圆管支撑结构的静力和动力载荷输入,通过有限元强度分析和理论经验公式计算对比静力、风载荷作用下直升机甲板圆管支撑结构的受力情况,考虑风振涡激效应的准静态分析,在此基础上提出了直升机甲板圆管支撑结构的安全评估方法,探究了风载荷对结构整体安全的影响.

基于神经网络的输电塔钢管构件涡激振动幅值预测方法

输电塔中长细比较大的钢管构件容易发生低风速下的涡激振动,鉴于传统风洞试验和数值模拟研究方法存在的成本高、周期长的局限,该文提出了一种基于神经网络的输电塔钢管构件涡激振动幅值高效预测方法。为获取训练模型所需的数据集,发展了适用于任意插板形式、几何尺寸的钢管构件涡激振动响应分析方法;结合多种神经网络模型(BPNN、PSO-BPNN、RBFNN、GRNN)以及性能评价指标,建立了基于神经网络的输电塔钢管构件涡激振动幅值预测方法;通过算例对某C型插板和十字型插板钢管构件涡激振动幅值进行了预测。研究表明:通过与试验结果的对比,验证了该文输电塔钢管构件涡激振动响应分析方法的准确性,对于C型和十字型插板钢管构件VIV幅值的相对误差分别为3.84%和5.87%,利用该方法可为神经网络模型提供可靠样本;通过7折10次交叉验证优化超参数后的4种神经网络模型,均表现出较好的预测精度;相比之下,GRNN在C型插板和十字型插板钢管构件算例中均呈现出最佳的泛化能力,其R2值分别为0.989和0.992;采用GRNN方法可以较好地预测C型和十字型插板钢管构件在不同质量阻尼比参数下的VIV幅值,且在计算效率上相比于CFD方法具有明显的优势。

喷嘴偏置角度对涡流管能量分离效应的影响分析

以理想空气为工质,对不同喷嘴偏置角度的涡流管进行了能量分离特性的数值模拟研究。此外,对涡流管内部速度场、温度场和压力场的分布规律进行了深入分析。模拟结果表明,不同偏置角度的喷嘴改变了涡流管切向速度和径向速度的分配,随着偏置角度的增大,轴向速度呈现增加趋势,轴向速度的变化会影响滞止点的位置,更大的轴向速度会使滞止点更加远离热端出口。涡流管中滞止点位置影响着冷流与热流的分界面大小,从而影响两股流体之间能量交换。随着冷流率的增大,4种不同涡流管的制冷效应逐渐减弱,且喷嘴偏置角度为0°时,涡流管表现出最佳制冷和制热效应。偏置角度在15°-45°变化时,随着喷嘴偏置角度增大,涡流管制冷和制热效应逐渐减弱。

基于Omega涡识别方法的径流式水涡轮尾水管涡带特性

为了研究水涡轮尾水管的涡带特性与Omega涡识别方法对尾水管涡带的识别效果,对比了Q准则和λ_(2)准则以及Omega涡识别方法对尾水管涡带的识别效果,并基于Omega方法和降维的Omega方法分析了不同工况下尾水管的涡带特性.结果表明:对于径流式水涡轮,通过合理调整阈值,Q准则和λ_(2)准则以及Omega涡识别方法均能识别到清晰合理的尾水管涡结构,而Omega方法阈值选取区间较小且具有不敏感性;水涡轮尾水管在小流量工况时会出现较长的涡带,不利于机械的稳定性.同时运用二维Omega涡识别方法与拟涡能指标,在不同工况下对尾水管各监测面进行定量分析,确定涡量浓度高的区域,研究尾水管的能量耗散规律.结果发现,尾水管进水口到弯管之间的区域涡量浓度最高,能量耗散最大,流态最不稳定,这可为该型式水涡轮的结构优化提供理论参考与数据支撑.

鱼鳍型涡发生器强化管翅式换热器传热

提出了一种鱼鳍型涡发生器,并将其应用在管翅式换热器中强化传热。采用数值模拟方法研究了鱼鳍型涡发生器安装方式对换热器中流体流动和传热的影响,分析了流体流经涡发生器前后的压力变化。结果表明:涡发生器以common-flow-up方式安装在圆管下游时传热j因子提高了46.6%,摩擦因子提高了24.4%,与以common-flow-down方式安装于圆管上游相比,圆管后方的负压区更小,流动阻力更小,冷热流体的混合效果更好,因而具有更好的强化传热效果。

Exploration of the mechanism of cavitation vortex rope and vortex development in the draft tube of tubular turbine units

Draft tube vortex rope is considered a special cavitation flow phenomenon in tubular turbine units.Cavitation vortex rope is one of the most detrimental factors affecting the safety of hydraulic turbines.In this study,ANSYS CFX software was utilized to numerically simulate the internal cavitation flow of a hydraulic turbine draft tube.The evolution of the cavitation vortex core was characterized by vortex line distribution and vorticity transport equation.The shape and number of blades influenced the revolving direction and distribution characteristics of the vortex close to the runner cone,which formed a counterclockwise-clockwise-counterclockwise distribution pattern.Simultaneously,there were many secondary flows in the draft tube.Mutual cancellation and dissipation between the flows was one of the reasons for reduction in vorticity.When the cross-sectional shape of the draft tube was changed,the vorticity was distributed from the center of the vortex rope to all parts of the cross-sectional draft tube,with extreme values at the center and at the walls.The vortex stretching and dilatation terms played a major role in the change in vorticity,with the baroclinic torque having an effect at the center of the vortex rope,this study is helpful to understand the flow of water in the draft tube and guide the design and optimization of the draft tube in engineering application.