Design and experiment of the pneumatic double disc precision seed metering device for Chinese flowering cabbage

Single seed metering devices for Chinese flowering cabbage planting machines have suffered such deficiencies as low efficiency,poor accuracy,and instability.To overcome these limitations,a pneumatic double disc precision seed metering device was designed.This innovative device can simultaneously plant four rows,considering the specific agricultural requirements and the geometric characteristics for Chinese flowering cabbage seeds.The precise parameters of the key component seed disc were derived through theoretical calculation.In addition,a detailed account was given for the working principle and workflow of the seed metering device.The discrete element method and EDEM software were employed to optimize the seed disc by exploring the effects of seed disc rotational speed and interleaving seed slots on seed viability.Orthogonal rotation experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of seed disc rotational speed and negative pressure.While rates of qualified seeding,double seeding and missing seeding were adopted as test indicators.Testing results show that,at a seed disc rotational speed of 41.5 r/min and a negative pressure of 3.80 kPa,the average qualified seeding rate is 90.13%,the average missing seeding rate is 3.30%,and the average double seeding rate is 6.02%.These values satisfy the agricultural requirements for planting Chinese flowering cabbage.The findings can also provide valuable insights for the structural optimization and design of precision seed metering devices for Chinese flowering cabbage.

Simulation analysis and match experiment on negative and positive pressures of pneumatic precision metering device for rapeseed

Positive and negative pressures determine the performance of pneumatic precision metering device for rapeseed.In order to investigate the relationship between positive and negative pressures of nozzles,fluid models of chamber were developed to simulate the airflow,and the k-εturbulence model was conducted to capture the pressure and velocity of nozzles.Through these efforts linear models were achieved.Meanwhile,the three-factor factorial split-split experiment was designed with negative pressure,positive pressure and the rotating speeds varying from-1000 to-4500 Pa,50 to 250 Pa and 10 to 45 r/min,respectively.The mathematical models were developed through employing the stepwise regression method.The sequence of influential factors on the quality of feed index was positive pressure,negative pressure and rotating speed.To obtain the match regulation of negative and positive pressures with“good”performance,the ratio coefficient K of negative and positive pressures was introduced to build mathematical models.Models relating ratio coefficient K with positive pressure were fitted in different rotating speeds.The results showed that the ratio coefficient was matchedГ∈[f1(x),f2(x)]from the fitting equations with the rotating speed of 10-30 r/min;while the rotating speed has greater influence when it was 35-40 r/min and the setsΛ∈[g1(x),g2(x)]were achieved,where x∈[100,250].This study could be conducted to adjust the rotating speed of the pneumatic system to optimize the ideal performance of the seeder.

Design and experiment of multi-row pneumatic precision metering device for rapeseed

The main objective of this study was to design a pneumatic disk with four-rows for planting rapeseed and to investigate its performance under several rotating speeds and vacuum pressure values.The effects of rotating speeds,vacuum pressure and rows on seed sucking and retaining were inspected.Six rotating speeds(5 r/min,10 r/min,15 r/min,20 r/min,25 r/min and 30 r/min)incorporated with the application of vacuum pressure were employed for detecting the optimum vacuum amount that was sufficient for seed sucking under each speed.These values of vacuum were found to be 1.1 kPa,1.25 kPa,1.35 kPa,1.65 kPa,1.8 kPa and 2.0 kPa,respectively.Moreover,a regression model was developed for predicting of vacuum pressure that corresponds with each rotating speed.Based on seed mass analysis,statistical differences were found at 5%significance under the influence of speeds and negative pressure and existed also between and within rows according to Duncan’s Test.The highest seed mass means of 3.17 g and 3.96 g were obtained by row 1 under the effects of speed and vacuum pressure,respectively,while the lowest means of 2.79 g and 3.05 g were attained by row 4.Due to the influence of rows,important differences were occurred between row 1(closer to the center of rotation)and row 4(farther one),particularly under high speeds(25 r/min and 30 r/min).Results concluded that,pneumatic disk with multiple-rows could be satisfactorily used for seed sowing with a little variation in seed amount between rows without any seed damage.The rows of hole farther from plate center of rotation were obviously influenced by angular velocity and vacuum amount rather than the closer ones.

Design and experiment of the pneumatic cylinder type precision metering system for wheat

The main goal of this study was to design a pneumatic cylindrical-type metering device with six-rows for wheat precision and to analyze its output under different rotating speeds and vacuum pressure values.The effect of the pressure,rotating speed and rows on seed suction,retention and dropping was shown inspected.Six levels of rotating speed(5,10,15,20,25 and 30 r/min.)combined with the applying of different vacuum pressures(1.8,2.1,2.4,2.7,3.0,and 3.3 kPa)were inspected to detect the optimum pressure which was adequate for seed sucking at each speed.In addition,to predict the vacuum pressure corresponding with each rotating speed,a regression model was developed.Based on seed mass analysis,statistical differences under the influence of velocities and negative pressure were found at 5 percent significance according to Duncan’s Test,whereas the differences were existed between and within rows.Results revealed that the highest seed mass means of 19.02 g and 22.64 g were obtained by row1while the lowest means of 18.02 g and 21.49 g were attained by row6 under the effect of the speed and vacuum pressure,respectively.The noticeable variation between row1 and row 6,particularly under high speeds(25 and 30 r/min),might be returned to the truth that row 1 was closer to vacuum inlet,and row 6 was the farthest one.Results concluded that the multiple-row pneumatic cylinder with oblong shape seed nozzle was found to be capable for single seed picking with a small rows variation but without seed damage.

基于教育学信息系统的农机数字化设计

首先,介绍了教育学信息系统和数字化设计技术,在教育学信息系统分层设计启发下,结合数字化设计技术实现了农机数字化设计;然后,介绍了精量排种器组成及其原理,并利用数字化技术实现了小麦精量排种器的数字化设计。从最后设计的小麦精量排种器样图来看:系统能够快速设计农机模块,大幅缩短了产品设计周期,减少了产品反复修改次数,对现代农机设计具有重大意义。

气力式高速精量排种器研究现状及展望

高速作业是当前精量播种技术的发展趋势,气力式精量排种器是实现高速作业的关键技术载体。分析限制气力式排种器作业速度提升的主要因素,提出高速充种技术、稳定清种技术、投种过程种子平稳运动控制技术、排种器平稳驱动技术四项关键技术。综述气力式精量排种器主要类别及特点,梳理国内外气力式排种器研发应用现状,针对提出的四项关键技术分析国内外研究现状,得出稳定充种、有效清种、平稳投种、排种器平稳驱动是有效提升高速作业播种合格率、降低变异系数、保证粒距均匀性的主要技术措施。结合我国的情况分析高速精量播种存在作业速度及效率低、电驱技术及质量监控技术不完善等问题,提出气力式高速精量排种器需要加大自主创新,未来向着高精度、高效率、智能化方向发展。

气力式油菜精量排种器管路负压监测系统研究

针对油菜气力式精量排种器种子精准吸附过程中因配气管路负压实时监测困难且易导致排种性能下降问题,设计了一种基于虚拟仪器技术的油菜多行精量排种管路负压同步监测系统。以压力传感器为测量元件实时采集干、支管路负压,NI-9205型数采卡为数据采集模块,电动阀门对干路负压进行控制,在LabVIEW软件中进行压力转换和数据实时显示、分析、保存以及故障报警等。对管路负压监测系统精度进行了标定,结果表明:当种盘转速为20~60 r/min、阀门开度为18.3%~33.5%(干路静态负压1000~3000 Pa)时,监测系统监测值与风压计实测值相对偏差均不大于3.63%,负压稳定性变异系数不大于2.97%。台架试验结果表明,当种盘转速为20~60 r/min、阀门开度为18.3%~33.5%(1000~3000 Pa)时,具有锥柱锥列式配气机构短程配气系统负压损失率不大于18.99%,支路负压均匀性变异系数不大于2.3%,各行排量一致性变异系数不大于4.27%。田间试验结果表明,当播种作业种盘转速分别为23.1、34.2、44.5 r/min时,负压损失率均不大于18.75%,支路负压均匀性变异系数不大于2.95%,各行排量一致性变异系数不大于4.52%。该研究为解析气力式油菜精量排种器种子精准吸附及稳定运移机制与优化改进配气管路布局提供技术支撑。

Design and indoor simulated experiment of pneumatic rice seed metering device

In order to meet the agronomy demand for hybrid rice direct seeding,a novel precise pneumatic rice seed metering device was designed with groups of sucking holes plate,by which 3-4 seeds could be synchronously sucked and synchronously dropped into the paddy field.The plate was divided into five sections:seed sucking,seed clearing,seed carrying,seed dropping,and blank sections.The seeds were sucked in sucking section by the vacuum,carried and rotated to the dropping section with the plate,blown away in dropping section by the positive pressure air,and thrown into the dropping tube.The influences of the hole diameter,vacuum degree,and clear-up equipment on precision of metering device were discussed.Experiments were conducted to investigate the seeding precision and simulate the field emergence rates on the indoor seeding test-bed.The subjects were pregnant Indic hybrid Peizataifeng under two kinds of moisture content(23.43%and 26.07%).Other experiment conditions included the vacuum degree of 2.60 kPa,the rotation speed of seed sucking plate of 30 r/min,three sucking holes with a diameter of 1.6 mm,and the seed layer thickness of 25 mm.The seeding results showed that,in condition of no more than two seeds per hill,the emergence probabilities under the two moisture contents were 11.82%and 11.95%,respectively,and in condition of 3-4 seeds per hill,the results were 64.81%and 65.84%,respectively.With 2-5 seeds per hill,the results were 92.08%and 92.60%,respectively.If the emergence probability was 80%,under the two moisture contents,the no seed per hill probabilities were 1.33%and 0.80%respectively;the probabilities with 3-4 seeds per hill were 56.13%and 56.40%respectively;the probabilities with 5 or more seeds per hill were 10.67%and 10.13%respectively;the probabilities with 2-5 seeds per hill were 87.60%and 88.13%respectively.The results showed the simulated experiment was an efficient and economic method to assess the capability of pneumatic rice seed drilling metering device,and the precise pneumatic rice seed drilling metering device had a good prospect in practical application.

Design of an active seed throwing and cleaning unit for pneumatic rice seed metering device

To address the clogging of the rice seed metering device after a long period of operation without affecting the precision of normal seeding,an active seed throwing and cleaning unit was designed based on the fact that magnets of the same pole were mutually exclusive.The working principle of the two devices was analysed theoretically,and a mechanical model was created according to the relationship between the repulsion forces of magnets and the spring forces of springs.The super hybrid rice Y-2 You 900 with 22.5%moisture content(wet basis)was used as the test object.The whole factor experiments were carried out under different negative pressures,rotational speeds of the suction plates,and lengths of probes.The results indicated that under any test conditions,the active seed throwing and cleaning unit worked normally.The results of high-speed photography showed that the rate of seed cleaning was 100%.The results also showed that the optimal negative pressure was 0.8 kPa.The probability of 1-3 seeds per hill for the seed metering device was approximately 95%under the optimal negative pressure.The optimal length of the probe was found to be 2 mm.The average qualified rate of hill space was 96.04%under the optimal length of probe,the longer the length of the probe,the lower the qualified rate of hill space.It also showed that an active seed throwing and cleaning unit could effectively avoid the hole clogging caused by the long-term operation and had no influence on the normal operation of the pneumatic rice seed metering device.The active seed throwing and cleaning unit improved the stability of the seed metering device,and the research provided a reference for the optimal design of seed throwing and cleaning structures of the pneumatic rice seed metering device.

交错勾齿式小麦精量排种器设计与试验

针对小麦精量播种需求以及现有排种器脉动性高、均匀性差的问题,设计了一种4排交错勾齿式小麦精量排种器,利用勾齿式型孔单粒囊种,并通过勾齿交错布置使下落的种子流形成交错有序的种子面,减少种子间的碰撞重叠,提高种子的有序性。通过对充种过程中小麦种子姿态分析,确定了型孔的关键结构参数和曲线轮廓。运用离散元法EDEM,分析了排种轮转速和充种区域夹角对充种性能的影响规律。仿真结果表明,排种轮转速对充种时处于有利姿态的种子数量有显著影响,充种区夹角的增大有利于提高充种率,但充种区夹角过大会造成成功充入种子掉落出型孔,降低充种性能。在此基础上,以排种合格率、单粒率、空穴率为指标进行了正交旋转组合试验,获得了最优工作参数组合。在排种轮转速、充种区高度以及毛刷/排种轮转速比分别为18 r/min、73 mm、2.5条件下,与现有凸齿式小麦排种器进行对比试验,交错勾齿式小麦排种器的排量变异系数比凸齿式排种器降低0.66个百分点,落种过程中排出的种子交错有序下落,具有更好的排种均匀性。

油菜小麦兼用型气力式精量排种器

长江流域油菜与小麦播种期相邻,为提高播种机具的利用率,设计了一种油菜小麦兼用型气力式精量排种器,提出了一种小麦排种盘内表面嵌入导种条以提高充种率的新型结构。确定了该排种器的工作原理及其主要结构与性能参数,试验研究了排种性能指标与排种盘转速、吸种区负压、投种区正压的关系。试验结果表明:该排种器能满足油菜和小麦兼用排种的功能;在小麦排种盘内表面嵌入导种条可使平均合格指数相对提高27.31%,平均漏播指数相对降低25.86%;当排种器转速、吸种区负压、投种区正压分别为18 r/min、-2 200 Pa、400 Pa时,油菜精量播种合格指数为90.02%,漏播指数为2.59%;当排种器转速、吸种区负压分别为15 r/min、-2 300 Pa时,小麦精量播种合格指数为90.62%,漏播指数为2.96%。田间试验表明:该排种器播种精度高,可满足油菜和小麦种植农艺要求。

油菜小麦兼用排种盘的排种器充种性能

油菜、小麦籽粒物理机械特性差异大，该文针对前期研究中油菜小麦气力式精量排种器结构中，需对不同类型种子更换排种盘的缺陷，研制了一种兼用型内嵌入导种条式排种盘及其型孔结构，以实现油菜小麦气力式精量排种器兼用。开展了其充种阶段内嵌入导种条上强制带动层种子的运动轨迹及充种区种子充填角的解析，构建了充种区强制带动层种子的力学模型；并结合高速摄像技术，分析阐明了充种区种子层的流动特性，试验研究了充种区油菜、小麦充填角与充种性能、内嵌入导种条对种子机械损伤。研究结果表明：转速范围为10～45 r/min时，排种器充种区种子充填角与转速线性相关，内嵌入导种条时的油菜、小麦充种角随转速的变化率值分别为1.6635、1.9929，相对无导种条式排种器，充填角平均增量分别为10.1＆#176;、13.45＆#176;，充填弧长平均增量分别为12.29、16.48 mm，充种性能明显提高；发芽率试验表明，排种盘内嵌入导种条对种子无机械损伤。排种器性能试验结果表明：吸种负压为-2900 Pa、排种盘内嵌入导种条可使小麦排种的平均合格指数相对提高30.76%，漏播指数相对降低38.61%；吸种负压为-900 Pa、投种正压为500 Pa时，排种盘内嵌入导种条可使油菜排种的平均合格指数相对提高3.72%，漏播指数相对降低8.58%；在转速为20～30 r/min时，排种性能均能满足油菜小麦兼用精量播种的要求。该研究可为兼用型精量排种器结构改进及性能优化提供研究依据。

水稻气力式排种器群布吸孔吸种盘吸种精度试验

为实现杂交水稻(3～4)粒/穴精量直播要求,设计了一种用于水稻气力式精量穴播排种器的具有群布吸孔的吸种盘。以培杂泰丰种子为对象,采用4×24正交试验设计的方法,对吸室真空度、吸孔直径与清种对吸种盘吸附精度的影响进行了试验研究。结果表明,真空度、孔径、清种对吸种精度有影响。3因素对平均穴播种量的影响顺序为孔径>清种>真空度;对≤2粒/穴率的影响顺序为真空度>孔径>清种;对(3～4)粒/穴率的影响顺序为孔径>清种>真空度,对≥5粒/穴率的影响顺序为孔径>清种>真空度。在真空度3.2kPa、孔径1.5mm和采用清种装置的最佳参数条件下,≤2粒/穴率为8.27%,(3～4)粒/穴率为81.87%,≥5粒/穴率为9.86%。试验结果显示群布吸孔吸种盘吸附精确性较高,可应用于水稻精量穴播。

机械气力组合式玉米精密排种器

结合机械内充种式排种器的结构特点和气吹式排种器的单粒留种原理,设计了一种机械气力组合式玉米精密排种器。阐述了其基本结构和工作原理,对关键部件进行了设计计算,并对工作压力、重播指数、漏播指数、粒距合格率等性能指标进行了台架试验。试验结果表明,该排种器工作气压低、粒距合格率高,能够适应高速作业需求。

气压组合孔式玉米精量排种器设计与试验

该文将排种器型孔和种子搅拌装置相融合,取消了传统气力式排种器复杂的种子搅拌装置,设计了1种气压组合孔式玉米精量排种器。阐述了正压气流与导槽相结合来提高排种器充种性能的原理,计算确定了其主要结构参数。以重播指数、漏播指数及粒距合格指数为指标,对其分别进行了台架试验和田间试验。结果表明,该排种器漏播指数、重播指数、合格指数等指标明显优于气吸式排种器,且田间工作性能稳定。

槽缝气吸式小麦精量排种器

设计了一种槽缝气吸式小麦排种器。通过试验对比分析了梯形、U形、V形以及'1'字缝隙式槽缝结构的排种器吸种均匀性,梯形槽缝式排种器的吸种变异系数最小,为7.0%,排种种子破损率小于0.30%,满足小麦精量播种的要求。但是由于在实际作业时,风机负压的波动,各缝隙处的气流吸力的差异,致使该排种器的各行排种量一致性没有提高,在不同变速情况下各行排种量的变异系数不大于4.4%。

新型组合吸孔式小麦精密排种器性能的试验研究

在室内试验和田间试验的基础上 ,探讨了新型组合吸孔式小麦精密排种器的排种性能 ,分析了排种器转速、拖拉机前进速度以及投种高度等因素对其排种性能的影响。试验结果证明 ,新型组合吸孔式小麦精密排种器实现了单粒精密播种 ,粒距合格指数达到 5 2 %以上 ,粒距变异系数小于 2 9% ,拖拉机前进速度可以达到 6 km/ h,完全符合小麦精密播种的农业技术要求。

粳稻穴播排种器直线型搅种装置设计及排种精度试验

为提高具有成群分布小孔的水稻气力式精量穴播排种器对粳稻种子的排种精度,设计了一种直线型搅种齿,并采用二次回归正交旋转组合试验的方法,以吸种真空度、吸种盘转速、直线型搅种齿与吸孔边沿间距离以及搅种齿高度为影响因素对排种器排种精度进行了试验研究,依据试验结果建立了该排种器对粳稻种子的不同穴粒数的排种回归模型。结果显示：以（3~4）粒/穴率、3粒/穴率、4粒/穴率和≥5粒/穴率为评价指标建立的回归方程均拟合很好,并且均在0.05水平显著;基于生产需要对比确定最优吸附条件为真空度2.40 kPa、吸种盘转速30 r/min、直线型搅种齿距吸孔边沿8 mm且搅种齿高度3 mm。以含水率21.30%~21.79%的粳稻盐丰47号破胸芽种为对象,在吸孔直径1.8 mm、吸孔之间距离6.5 mm以及有清种装置时,进行了该排种器吸附精度验证试验,结果表明该排种器排出（3~4粒）/穴种子的概率为77.28%;≤2粒/穴种子的概率为3.04%,≥5粒/穴种子的概率为19.67%;试验结果与回归模型模拟结果接近,表明所获得的排种回归模型正确,并可用来预测排种效果。该研究结果可为水稻气力式排种器精量播种粳稻芽种时的结构、运动参数设计与优化以及排种性能预测提供重要参考依据。

水稻气力式排种器导向型搅种装置的设计与试验

为提高水稻气力式精量穴播排种器的排种精度,在该排种器的吸种盘上设计并安装了一种由2个搅种齿组成的导向型搅种装置。以培杂泰丰、Y两优1号种子为对象,采用单因素试验和因素组合对比试验的方法,研究了吸室真空度、吸孔直径与搅种装置对排种器性能的影响。结果表明,排种器安装导向型搅种装置后,工作转速显著提高,对工作气流真空度要求降低,性能得到改善;在真空度2.0kPa、吸种盘转速30r/min、搅种齿厚度2mm、搅种齿楔角60°、内侧搅种齿安装角90°、外侧搅种齿间安装角60°以及吸孔直径1.6mm的最佳排种参数下,排种器对含水率20.7%的Y两优1号破胸芽种排出(3～4粒)/穴的概率为59.48%,≤2粒/穴率为15.03%,≥5粒/穴率为25.49%。试验结果显示导向型搅种装置对籼稻种子存在分离、导向、摩擦和支撑等助吸作用,可提高排种器的排种精度。

气力滚筒式油菜精量集排器

设计了一种可实现一器多行的气力滚筒式油菜精量集排器,分析了气力滚筒式油菜精量集排器的工作原理,并确定了其结构组成和主要结构与运行参数。以集排器排种性能为主要评价指标,进行了集排器排种滚筒转速、正压区相对压力、负压区相对压力等运行参数的单因素试验与正交试验。台架试验结果表明:集排器种子破碎率小于0.5%;当排种滚筒转速为20 r/min、正压区相对压力为2 200 Pa和负压区相对压力为-2 200 Pa时,集排器单行合格指数可高达94.02%,漏播指数小于4.0%;集排器各行排量一致性变异系数为5.73%,总排量稳定性变异系数为1.21%。