Modification Behavior of Trace Rare Earth on Impurity Phases in Commercial Purity Aluminum

Modifying effect and mechanism of trace rare earth on Fe(Si) rich impurity phases in commercial purity aluminum were studied with the aids of SEM, EDAX, TEM, etc. It is found that Ce rich mixed rare earth (RE) is an effective modifying agent, which makes the coarse Fe rich impurity phases transform into complex compounds of tiny, sphere/short stick form, thus improving mechanical properties of this material; its modifying mechanism is in that RE gathering in front of solid/liquid interface enters into the impurity phases, forming complex (AlFeSiRE) compounds; or is adsorbed in the impurity phases surface, impeding the growth of impurity phases; however, excessive RE will result in the increasing of RE compounds (secondary phases), and plasticity reduction of this material. Therefore, its addition amount should be less than 0 07% (mass fraction).

Development on research of advanced rare-earth aluminum alloy

The active mechanisms of rare earth element erbium ( Er ) in part of aluminum alloys were investigated. Based on the investigation of the effect of the unitary rare earth elements (Er, La, Y, Ce, Nd, Gd, and Sc) and the transition element zirconium on the aluminum alloys, it is concluded that, with Er alloyed, high purity aluminum and Al Mg alloys are featured with refined grain structure, superior heat stability and even higher hardness or tensile strength with unchanged ductility; but Er is not beneficial to the mechanical property of Al Cu alloy, so is Sc. It may also be concluded, to most of the aluminum alloys, Er can be an effective alloying element, like Sc; and for the lower price of Er, the cost of modifying aluminum alloys by Er will be reduced.

Study on corrosion resistance of the BTESPT silane cooperating with rare earth cerium on the surface of aluminum-tube

Bis-3-(triethoxysilyl)propyltetrasulfide(BTESPT) silane-rare earth cerium composite coatings on aluminum-tube were prepared at 60 °C by immersion method.The performance of composite coatings to protect the aluminum-tube against corrosion was investigated with potentiodynamic polarization curves,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),and salt spray test(SST).The results of potentiodynamic polarization curves and EIS indicated that the self-corrosion current decreased by two orders of magnitude and the i...

Study on the Rare Earth Sealing Procedure of the Porous Film of Anodized 2024 Aluminum Alloy

The rare earth sealing procedure of the porous film of anodized aluminum alloy 2024 was studied with the fieldemission scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show thatRE solution can form cerium oxide/hydroxides precipitation in the pores of the anodized coating at the beginning ofsealing. At the same time, the spherical deposits formed on the surface of the anodized coating created a barrierto the precipitation of RE solution in the pores. When the pore-structured anodizing film is covered all with thespherical deposits, RE conversion coating will form on the surface of the anodized coating. The reaction of thecoating formation was investigated by employing cyclic voltammetry. The results indicate that accelerator H2O2 actsas the source of O2 by carrying chemical reaction in course of coating formation. In the mean time, it maybe carrieselectrochemical reaction to generate alkaline condition to accelerate the coating formation. The porous structure ofthe film is beneficial to the precipitation of the cerium hydroxides film.

Influence of oxidant KMnO_4 on film-forming process of rare earth metal conversion coating on LY12 aluminum alloy

A Cu/Al galvanic couple was established to study the influence of the oxidantKMnO_4 on the film-forming process of rare earth metal (REM) conversion coating on LY12 aluminumalloy. It is found that the galvanic couple simulative experiment accords with the actual immersion,and it can be substantially used to simulate the behavior of LY12 aluminum alloy in thefilm-forming process. It is showed that the formation of the coating is quickened in CeCl_3 solutioncontaining KMnO_4 compared with that not containing KMnO_4. XPS results reveal that the coatingformed on cathode is composed of oxide or hydroxide of Ce and Mn, so the mechanism of formation ofREM conversion coating changes when KMnO4 is added.

Analysis of Coating Microstructure of Hot-Dip Aluminum of Deformed Low-Carbon Steel Containing Rare Earth

The coating microstructure of hot-dip aluminum (HDA) of deformed low-carbon steel containing RE was analyzed by metallography microscopy, TEM and XRD, and the forming mechanism was also discussed. The results show that, the Fe_2Al_5 phase, on whose subcrystal boundaries, Al particles with the size of 7～30 μm existing on parallel linear are, grows a strong orientation. And the spread activation energy of Al is 155.22 kJ·mol -1. In addition, the effects of deformation on coating microstructure of hot-dip aluminum and the function of RE were preliminarily analyzed.

A New Approach to Refining and Modifying Cast Aluminum Alloys with Rare Earth Alloys

The effects of rare earth (RE) alloys on the refining and modifying of cast aluminum alloys were investigated. Compared to other substances in common use, rare earth alloys maintain the refining and modifying effects of the aluminum alloys for a longer time. RE alloys can also reduce environmental pollution in the melting process. These effects of RE alloys make them become a superior choice for the applications in aluminum foundry.

Influence of Rare Earth on Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum Rods for Electrical Purpose

For pushing the anticorrosion research on the electrical aluminum, the influence of the rare earth element on the corrosion resistance of the aluminum rods for electrical purpose in the different density acid, the alkali, the salt solution was investigated. The results show that the anti-corrosive performance of the aluminum rod containing the rare earth element for electrical purpose is distinctly improved, and the anti-corrosive performance is related to corrosive medium and the components of the aluminum rods for electrical purpose.

Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism of Rare Earth Metal on LC4 Al Alloy with Spilt Cell Technique

A new method of studying the corrosion inhibition mechanism of rare earth metal（REM） on LC4 Al alloy with the spilt cell technique was studied. The principle and experimental method of the spilt cell technique were analyzed. By measuring the change of net-electric current between the two electrodes caused by the change of the amount of oxygen in the solution and the addition of CeCl3, the influence of corrosive performance of CeCl3 on LC4 super-power aluminum ＂alloy in the 0.1 mol· L^-1 NaCl solution was investigated. Meanwhile, the conditional changes of pH values, CeCl3 solution, additire and time of performance were also studied. Finally, the features of electrode surface were revealed by using SEM and X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry （EDS）. By combining these with other electric chemical techniques, such as potential-time curve, polarization curve et al.

Effect of rare earth samarium addition on the kinetics of precipitation in Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy

The mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy mainly depend on the morphology, distribution, size, and number ofθ′（Al2Cu） precipitates. In this study, we have analyzed the effect of rare earth samarium （Sm） addition on the kinetics of precipitation in the Al-Cu-Mn casting alloy by using differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Thermal ef-fect peaks that are attributed to the formation and the dissolution of Guinier-Preston （GP） zone andθ′phase were identified from the DSC curves. The activation energy ofθ′formation was calculated by using both the Kissinger method and the analytical model, and the corre-sponding results were compared. Results suggest that the activation energy ofθ′formation in Al-Cu-Mn alloy is dramatically higher than that in Al-Cu-Mn-Sm alloy. Accordingly, it is concluded that the addition of rare earth Sm decreases the activation energy ofθ′formation and promotes the formation ofθ′precipitates.

Removing Al from Rare Earth Chloride Solution by Method of Extraction

Using long-chain fatty acid as extractant, the process of removing the impurity element aluminum in the solution of praseodymium-neodymium chloride and the influence of extracting conditions were studied. The results show that the amount of aluminum can be decreased from 728 to 14 mg·L -1 that is the 98% of total in the solution of praseodymium-neodymium chloride by one-stage extraction under the condition as follows: the concentration of rare earth is 100～200 g·L -1, the organic phase is 20% fatty acid -10% isooctanol -70% kerosene (V/V), saponification number is 20% with dense ammonia, and the extracting equilibrium time is 5～15 min. Under the same conditions, the extraction ratio of aluminum in the system of fatty acid is 3～5 times of that in naphthene acid. The fatty acid extractant is distinctly better than naphthene acid.

Effect of Rare Earth Elements on Anisotropy and Microstructure of Al-Li Alloy 2195 Sheets

For the purpose of decreasing the applied limitation resulting from the anisotropic mechanical property of Al-Li alloy 2195, this study employed a complex heat treatment process, involving the pre-tension, thermo-infiltration of the rare earth element Ce, solution treatment, and artificial aging technology. The results indicate that the infiltration of rare earth element Ce benefits the abatement of anisotropy of Al-Li alloy 2195 sheet, in contrast with that of the normal heat treatment process. The gradient of the Vickers-hardness decreases at least 50% through the thickness, and the tensile strength in the rolling direction also increases significantly. If Ce was infiltrated into the alloy under the optimum pre-deformation, the yield strength （σ0.2） increased by 30 MPa while the tensile strength （σb） enhanced by 25 MPa compared to the rare earth free samples. Meanwhile, the fractography illustrated that the fracture surface of the sample became more desirable.

Study of rare earth element effect on microstructures and mechanical properties of an Al-Cu-Mg-Si cast alloy

The improvements of microstructures and properties of a high strength aluminum cast alloy were studied. The effects of rare earth elements on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the high strength cast alloy Al-Cu-Mg-Si were investigated. The result shows that the addition of rare earth elements can change the microstructures in refining the grain size of the alloy and making the needle-like and laminar eutectic Si to a granular Si. With the increase of the rare earth, the tensile strength and elongation of the alloy increase first and then fall down. The mechanical properties of the alloy will reach the highest value when the content of rare earth elements is about 0.7%.

原铝精炼过程稀土铈对其成分和性能的影响

原铝的电阻率、抗拉强度以及伸长率是衡量其用途的重要指标。本文通过向原铝中添加不同稀土铈元素含量探究了对其成分以及性能的影响。结果表明,当稀土铈梯度在0.29%时,电阻率下降0.48 nΩ·m,且伸长率最高,高达55.47%。当铈梯度在0.50%时,抗拉强度最大,高达72.12 MPa。

Y对C611铝合金凝固组织及性能的影响

研究了添加Y元素对C611铝合金凝固组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着Y含量的增加,C611合金中的α-Al组织的二次枝晶间距和共晶Si逐渐细化、变质,割裂基体的针状Al_(4)(Fe,Mn)Si_(2)相尺寸逐步减小。当Y含量为0.10%时,Al_(4)(Fe,Mn)Si_(2)相的平均长度由48.65μm减小到28.20μm,部分Fe以颗粒状Al_(15)(Fe,Mn)4Si_(2)相形式析出弥散分布在共晶硅当中,对基体起到了一定的强化作用;此时铝合金的抗拉强度和伸长率为166 MPa和6.2%,较未添加Y的基体合金分别提升了7.1%和29.2%。

稀土Ce变质对ADC12铝合金组织及力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸试验机及布氏硬度计研究了稀土Ce改性处理对ADC12铝合金微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:当加入质量分数为0.6%的稀土Ce时,组织中粗大的初生α-Al相变得圆整、细小且分布均匀,共晶Si相由针片状变为颗粒状。稀土Ce与合金中的Al元素发生共晶反应生成Al11Ce3等金属间化合物,在扫描电镜下化合物形状为长条针状,并呈亮白色。添加质量分数为0.6%Ce有效提高了合金的屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率,分别达到171.72、260.37 MPa和4.1%,与未添加Ce元素的合金相比分别提升了33.83%、48.69%和155%,与此同时,合金的布氏硬度也达到峰值,为88 HB。

稀土Ce对2A12铝合金耐蚀性的影响

通过室内周期浸润腐蚀实验方法,研究了稀土Ce对2A12铝合金在含Cl-海洋大气模拟环境中的腐蚀行为。采用蔡司显微镜观察了铸态金相组织,用能量色散谱仪(EDS)分析了腐蚀产物元素组成。采用失重法分析了2A12铝合金腐蚀动力学规律,采用电化学极化曲线分析了2A12铝合金腐蚀后的电化学行为。结果表明,稀土的加入使得2A12铝合金的均匀性得到改善,腐蚀速率明显减小,腐蚀电流密度降低,腐蚀电压增加。稀土Ce的加入使得2A12铝合金锈层更致密而导致铝合金基体表面的电化学反应缓慢。

锌镁比对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Er-Sc-Zr合金显微组织与耐腐蚀性能影响的研究

通过调整Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Er-Sc-Zr合金中的Mg元素含量,研究了Zn/Mg比的变化对合金相演变以及腐蚀性能的影响规律。结果表明:Al_(8)Cu_(4)Er相、Al_(3)(Er,Sc)相与含Fe相存在明显的伴生关系,二者依附于含Fe相生长。Zn/Mg比的变化可显著改变三者间的交互形式,高的Zn/Mg比例有利于稀土相独立生长,且在比值为4.18的条件下,Al_(8)Cu_(4)Er相与含Fe相均得到了显著细化。细化的晶界第二相使腐蚀坑深度仅为82μm,而连续的伴生混合相、粗大稀土相等均会不同程度降低合金的耐蚀性能。

微量Sm元素对TiC_(p)/Al-Cu-Mg-Mn复合材料微观组织和力学性能的影响

以0.27%(体积分数)TiC颗粒增强的TiC_(p)/Al-5Cu-1.9Mg-0.9Mn复合材料为基体,研究不同Sm元素含量对复合材料组织与力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:Sm元素的加入明显细化了枝晶组织,促进了固溶处理过程中第二相的溶解,使得时效态组织中T-Al_(2)0Cu_(2)Mn_(3)和S′-Al_(2)CuMg析出相的数量密度增加,当Sm元素含量较高时(0.3%,质量分数,下同),组织中将出现块状难溶稀土化合物。随着Sm的加入,复合材料室温和250℃下的屈服强度逐渐增加,但会引起塑性降低,当Sm元素添加量为0.3%时,室温屈服强度从246 MPa提高到310 MPa,250℃屈服强度从191 MPa提高到220 MPa。分析认为,强度提高源于Sm引起的组织细化和析出相数量密度增加,而塑性下降是由于粗大块状难溶稀土化合物割裂了基体,导致裂纹源容易产生。

稀土Y改性6063铝合金阳极氧化及耐蚀性研究

通过对含稀土Y的铸态及挤压态6063铝合金进行阳极氧化,研究了阳极氧化膜在6063铝合金上的形貌,并分析了其对合金硬度和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:与普通的6063铝合金相比,稀土Y改性6063铝合金氧化膜与基体结合紧密且表面致密无缺陷,其挤压态表面粗糙度Sa值最小,为1.36。阳极氧化膜化学成分主要为氧化铝,作为覆膜的氧化铝能显著提升合金表面硬度。通过对覆膜后挤压态稀土Y改性6063铝合金的自腐蚀电位研究,发现自腐蚀电流密度较小,总阻抗值较高,且在高频区表现为容抗弧的特性,耐蚀性更好。