Effect of RE on Granulation of Eutectic Carbide in Ledeburite Steel

The effect of RE on granulation of eutectic carbide in ledeburite steel was studied. The mechanism of RE action was also discussed. The results show that by addition of RE compounds, the austenitic grains and eutectic carbide are fined, and the amount of divorced eutectic increases. Moreover, crystal defects, such as twins in M 7C 3, increase and the segregation of Cr and Mo decreases, which reduces the stability of carbide. Thus RE can accelerate the dynamic processes of eutectic carbide granulation. The satisfactory result of granulation of carbide was obtained in the ledeburite steel modified by RE compounds.

Influence of rare earths on eutectic carbides in AISI M2 high speed steel

The effect of rare earths on the morphology and microstructure of eutectic carbides in M2 high speed steel was studied. The results showed that rare earths promoted the forrmation of fishbone-like M6C eutectic carbides, compared to plate-like M2C carbides in ingots without modification. The formation of M6C was expected to be caused by rare earth inclusions which acted effectively as the substratc for nucleation of M6C carbides during solidification. M2C and M6C eutectic carbides exhibited different stability during heating. M2C eutectic carbides were much less stable than M6C carbides, and decomposed at high temperatures, favoring the spheroidization and refmement of carbides inhigh speed steels.

Influence of Rare Earth Elements on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cast High-Speed Steel Rolls

The influence of rare earth （RE） elements on the solidification process and eutectic transformation and mechanical properties of the high-V type cast, high-speed steel roll was studied. Test materials with different RE additions were prepared on a horizontal centrifugal casting machine. The solidification process, eutectic structure transformation, carbide morphology, and the elements present, were all investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectrometry （SEM-EDS）. The energy produced by crack initiation and crack extension was analyzed using a digital impact test machine. It was found that rare earth elements increased the tensile strength of the steel by inducing crystallization of earlier eutectic γ-Fe during the solidification process, which in turn increased the solidification temperature and thinned the dendritic grains. Rare earth elements with large atomic radius changed the lattice parameters of the MC carbide by forming rare earth carbides. This had the effect of dispersing longpole M C carbides to provide carbide grains, thereby, reducing the formation of the gross carbide and making more V available, to increase the secondary hardening process and improve the hardness level. The presence of rare earth elements in the steel raised the impact toughness by changing the mechanism of MC carbide formation, thereby increasing the crack initiation energy.

Influence of Rare Earth on Property of Low Chromium Semi-Steel

The influence of rare earth( RE) content on mechanical properties and abrasion resistance of low chromium semi-steel was studied by means of metallographic examination,scanning electron microscopic examination and mechanical property test. The experiment results show that RE can improve the comprehensive properties,especially in combination with proper heat treatment. The optimum properties of low chromium semi-steel modified by RE of 0. 25 % could be obtained by normalization at 950 ℃ for 3 h. The main reason is the change in morphology and distribution of eutectic carbide and the precipitation of granular carbides.

Influence of Cerium on Solidification Microstructure of M2 High Speed Steel

The influence of Ce on the solidification microstructures of M2 high speed steel was studied. The results show that Ce has the effect of alleviating the segregation of alloying elements such as W and Mo in high speed steel. With the addition of Ce, the amount of eutectic carbides is decreased and the flakes of the carbides are refined. Ce mainly segregates onto the interface between the eutectic carbide and austenite, and a Dart of Ce enters M2C carbide. Ce can also enhance the breaking and spheroidizing of the network eutectic carbides during high temperature heat treatment.

Effect of titanium and rare earth microalloying on microsegregation,eutectic carbides of M2 high speed steel during ESR process

The effects of RE and Ti microalloying during electroslag remelting(ESR)process on the microsegregation and morphology of eutectic M2C carbides in M2 high speed steel were investigated.The results show that the addition of 0.2 wt%RE can alleviate the segregation of C,W,Mo,V and Cr,while the morphology of eutectic M2C carbides hardly changes.The microalloying with the addition of 0.5 wt%Ti has the lowest degree of microsegregation due to the improvement of primary dendrites by the effective heterogeneous nucleating agent of(Ti,V)(C,N)particles.The addition of Ti makes the mo rphology of M2C carbides change from rod-like or maze-like shape into a coarse feathery shape,exhibiting anisotropic facet growth characteristics.For the microalloying of 0.2 wt%RE and 0.5 wt%Ti,the segregation of the main metal alloying elements is slightly more severe than that of the addition of only RE or Ti.Under the combined action of RE and Ti,the feathery eutectic M2C becomes thinner and shorter and tends to be isolated or distributed in a discontinuous network.

稀土对莱氏体钢共晶碳化物粒化的影响

研究了稀土对莱氏体钢中共晶碳化物热处理粒化的影响，探讨了稀土元素的作用机制。结果表明：稀土细化了莱氏钢中奥氏体晶粒和共晶碳化物，使离异共晶数量增多，减少了Ｃｒ、Ｍｏ合金元素偏析，并使Ｍ７Ｃ３（Ｍ＝Ｆｅ、Ｃｒ）碳化物中孪晶等晶格缺陷增多，从而降低碳化物的稳定性，促进了共晶碳化物的粒化动力学过程，得到良好的粒化效果。

变质莱氏体钢中共晶碳化物的热处理粒化

研究了变质莱氏体钢中共晶碳化物的粒化过程 ,探讨了碳化物的粒化机理。结果表明 ,变质莱氏体钢的粒化过程为 :热处理温度T <1 1 0 0℃为碳化物均匀溶解阶段 ,T≥ 1 1 0 0℃为共晶碳化物在其晶格畸变能较大处溶断和随后由曲率半径决定的断网和粒化阶段。变质处理使共晶碳化物中产生的孪晶等晶格缺陷增多 ,降低了共晶碳化物的稳定性 ,加快了共晶碳化物的粒化动力学过程。

铈对M2高速钢凝固组织的作用

研究了Ｃｅ对Ｍ２高速钢凝固组织的影响及其作用机制。发现Ｃｅ在高速钢中可减轻Ｗ，Ｍｏ等合金元素的偏析，使共晶碳化物量减少并细化；Ｃｅ主要偏聚在晶界共晶碳化物与奥氏体的界面上，并有部分Ｃｅ参与形成含Ｃｅ的Ｍ２Ｃ碳化物；

稀土对高碳高速钢组织和性能的影响

在成分为Fe-5%V-5%W-5%Mo-5%Cr-3%Nb-2%Co-2%C的高碳高速钢中添加稀土,研究了稀土对高碳高速钢铸态组织、热处理组织和力学性能的影响。结果显示:稀土处理使高碳高速钢的奥氏体晶粒和共晶组织明显细化,共晶组织中片层状碳化物变短、变细。热处理后,共晶碳化物大部分变成团球状且分布均匀。稀土处理高碳高速钢的硬度和红硬性略有增加,冲击韧性提高37.81%,达到10.17 J/cm2,分析了稀土在高碳高速钢中的作用机理及改善合金性能的机制。

莱氏体钢中共晶碳化物的热处理粒化

莱氏体钢中加入变质微量元素，可加速热处理过程中共晶碳化物粒化的动力学过程，得到良好的粒化效果，在１１００℃可达到断网，（１１２０～１１３０）℃获得均匀分布的粒状碳化物。

Study on Liquid Structure of Iron-Rich Fe-Si Alloy

The influence of rare earth (RE) content on mechanical properties and abrasion resistance of low chromium semi steel was studied by means of metallographic examination, scanning electron microscopic examination and mechanical property test. The experiment results show that RE can improve the comprehensive properties, especially in combination with proper heat treatment. The optimum properties of low chromium semi steel modified by RE of 0 25 % could be obtained by normalization at 950 ℃ for 3 h. The main reason is the change in morphology and distribution of eutectic carbide and the precipitation of granular carbides.

稀土镁对W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢中共晶碳化物粒化的影响

冶炼和铸造了不同稀土镁含量的W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢,并对铸态钢材进行退火及锻打,检测了不同状态下的显微组织,并用Gleeble模拟了钢材的高温性能。结果表明：稀土镁能使铸态W6Mo5Cr4V2钢中网状碳化物组织断裂;随着钢中稀土镁含量的增加和锻打压下量的增大,碳化物粒化度提升;热模拟表明W6Mo5Cr4V2钢的第I高温脆性区为熔点到1180℃,第Ⅱ高温脆性区为950~800℃;综合高温塑性区极窄,为1170~1190℃。