Conogethes punctiferalis is a crop and fruit pest that has caused serious economic losses to agricultural production.This pest relies heavily on its sex pheromone to ensure sexual encounters and subsequent mating succ...Conogethes punctiferalis is a crop and fruit pest that has caused serious economic losses to agricultural production.This pest relies heavily on its sex pheromone to ensure sexual encounters and subsequent mating success.However,the molecular mechanism underlying sex pheromone biosynthesis in this species remains elusive.The present study investigated the detailed mechanism underlying PBAN-regulated sex pheromone biosynthesis in C.punctiferalis by transcriptome sequencing of the C.punctiferalis pheromone glands(PGs)and subsequent functional identification of the target genes.The results showed that female mating started from the first scotophase,and peaked at the second to fifth scotophases in accordance with the release of sex pheromones.PBAN regulated sex pheromone biosynthesis by employing Ca^(2+)and cAMP as secondary messengers,as demonstrated by RNA interference(RNAi),pharmacological inhibitors,and behavioral assays.Further investigation revealed that calcineurin(CaN)and acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACC)were activated by PBAN/Ca^(2+)signaling,and the RNAimediated knockdown of CaN and ACC transcripts significantly reduced sex pheromone production,ultimately leading to a significantly reduced ability of females to attract males.Importantly,hexokinase(HK)was found to regulate sex pheromone biosynthesis in response to the PBAN/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway,as demonstrated by RNAi,enzyme activity,and pharmacological inhibitor assays.Furthermore,Far2 and Desaturase1 were found to participate in PBAN-regulated sex pheromone biosynthesis.Altogether,our findings revealed that PBAN regulates sex pheromone biosynthesis through the PBANR/Ca^(2+)/CaN/ACC and PBANR/cAMP/PKA/HK pathways in C.punctiferalis,which enriches our comprehension of the details of sex pheromone biosynthesis in moths.展开更多
目的:探讨J型针刀通过PACAP-cAMP-PKA信号通路改善脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱大鼠逼尿肌的作用机制。方法:36只SD雄性大鼠随机分为6组:空白组、假手术组、模型组、J型针刀治疗组、治疗+Bupivacaine抑制剂组、治疗+H-89抑制剂组,各6只。采...目的:探讨J型针刀通过PACAP-cAMP-PKA信号通路改善脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱大鼠逼尿肌的作用机制。方法:36只SD雄性大鼠随机分为6组:空白组、假手术组、模型组、J型针刀治疗组、治疗+Bupivacaine抑制剂组、治疗+H-89抑制剂组,各6只。采用脊髓横断法制作神经源性膀胱模型。空白组为正常SD大鼠;假手术组为切开相关部位组织,无脊髓切断;其余4组予以手术脊髓切断造模。J型针刀治疗组造模后第19天予J型针刀针刺大鼠次髎穴,2 d 1次,共治疗7次。干预结束后各组行HE染色观察膀胱逼尿肌组织形态变化,Elisa检测膀胱逼尿肌组织中c AMP、PKA含量,免疫组化检测膀胱逼尿肌组织中PACAP38蛋白表达,Western blot检测膀胱逼尿肌组织中PKA、p-MLC蛋白表达。结果:HE染色结果显示,与空白组相比,模型组中膀胱逼尿肌组织严重坏死,可见大量炎症细胞浸润;与模型组相比,J型针刀治疗组、治疗+Bupivacaine抑制剂组及治疗+H-89抑制剂组均有不同程度坏死组织修复情况。免疫组化检测PACAP38蛋白表达在模型组中表达量最低,针刀治疗之后,PACAP38表达量均不同程度上调;与J型针刀治疗组相比,治疗+Bupivacaine抑制剂组及治疗+H-89抑制剂组PACAP38蛋白表达均不同程度下调(P<0.05),但高于模型组(P<0.05)。Elisa检测结果显示,cAMP、PKA表达量模型组显著下调(P<0.05),J型针刀治疗组与模型组比显著上调(P<0.05),治疗+Bupivacaine抑制剂组及治疗+H-89抑制剂组比无显著差异(P>0.05)。WB结果显示:与空白组相比,模型组PKA、p-MLC蛋白表达上调;针刀治疗组表达量下调,其中PKA蛋白表达有显著性(P<0.05),p-MLC蛋白表达无显著性(P>0.05)。与J型针刀治疗组比,PKA蛋白表达量在治疗+Bupivacaine抑制剂组及治疗+H-89抑制剂组中无显著差异(P>0.05),p-MLC蛋白表达量显著下降(P<0.05)。结论:J型针刀针刺次髎穴可改善脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱大鼠膀胱功能,其机制与J型针刀上调膀胱逼尿肌中PACAP38、cAMP、PKA表达,激活PACAP-cAMP-PKA信号通路,从而促进逼尿肌舒张有关。展开更多
目的:基于环磷酸腺苷/蛋白激酶A(c AMP/PKA)信号通路探究参榆洗液对痔术后大鼠疼痛的影响。方法:构建痔术后大鼠模型,将造模成功的56只SD大鼠随机分为模型组、溶剂模型组、参榆洗液组、参榆洗液+Forskolin(c AMP/PKA信号通路激动剂)组、...目的:基于环磷酸腺苷/蛋白激酶A(c AMP/PKA)信号通路探究参榆洗液对痔术后大鼠疼痛的影响。方法:构建痔术后大鼠模型,将造模成功的56只SD大鼠随机分为模型组、溶剂模型组、参榆洗液组、参榆洗液+Forskolin(c AMP/PKA信号通路激动剂)组、Forskolin组、H-89(c AMP/PKA信号通路抑制剂)组、NS-398(PGE_(2)抑制剂)组,每组8只;另取8只大鼠为空白组。各组大鼠给予对应药物干预,连续7 d。给药结束后1 d,观察大鼠一般状态及疼痛相关动物学行为,观察创面变化并计算创面愈合率,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察各组大鼠创面组织病理学改变,蛋白质免疫印迹法(Western blotting)检测各组大鼠背根神经节TRPV1、p-PKA蛋白表达及创面组织中c AMP、PKA蛋白表达,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测大鼠创面组织中c AMP m RNA、PKA m RNA表达,酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测创面组织中PGE_(2)、IL-6、IL-1β含量。结果:模型组大鼠背根神经节组织中p-PKA、TRPV1及创面周围组织c AMP、PKA、PGE_(2)、c AMP m RNA、PKA m RNA、IL-6、IL-1β表达水平升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,H-89组、NS-398组、参榆洗液+Forskolin组、参榆洗液组创面组织病变程度减轻,创面愈合率依次上升,背根神经节组织中p-PKA、TRPV1及创面组织c AMP、PKA、c AMP m RNA、PKA m RNA、IL-6、PGE_(2)、IL-1β表达水平依次降低(P<0.05);Forskolin干预能显著提高痔术后大鼠模型c AMP、PKA、TRPV1、p-PKA、PGE_(2)、IL-6、IL-1β表达水平(P<0.05),与参榆洗液联合干预后,上述蛋白及炎症因子表达水平显著下降(P<0.05)。结论:参榆洗液对痔术后大鼠cAMP/PKA信号通路有抑制作用,抑制c AMP/PKA信号通路可改善痔术后痛觉敏化,其机制可能与抑制PGE_(2)表达、减少炎症因子释放、抑制TRPV1活化有关。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970472,32272547)the National Science Fund of Henan Province for Distinguished Young Scholars,China(202300410191)+3 种基金the Basic Research Project of the Key Scientific Research Projects of Universities in Henan Province,China(21zx013)the Henan Agricultural Research System,China(HARS-2209-G3)the Henan Special Support for High-Level Talents Central Plains Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talents,China(224200510018)the earmarked fund for China Agricultural Research System(CARS-27)。
文摘Conogethes punctiferalis is a crop and fruit pest that has caused serious economic losses to agricultural production.This pest relies heavily on its sex pheromone to ensure sexual encounters and subsequent mating success.However,the molecular mechanism underlying sex pheromone biosynthesis in this species remains elusive.The present study investigated the detailed mechanism underlying PBAN-regulated sex pheromone biosynthesis in C.punctiferalis by transcriptome sequencing of the C.punctiferalis pheromone glands(PGs)and subsequent functional identification of the target genes.The results showed that female mating started from the first scotophase,and peaked at the second to fifth scotophases in accordance with the release of sex pheromones.PBAN regulated sex pheromone biosynthesis by employing Ca^(2+)and cAMP as secondary messengers,as demonstrated by RNA interference(RNAi),pharmacological inhibitors,and behavioral assays.Further investigation revealed that calcineurin(CaN)and acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACC)were activated by PBAN/Ca^(2+)signaling,and the RNAimediated knockdown of CaN and ACC transcripts significantly reduced sex pheromone production,ultimately leading to a significantly reduced ability of females to attract males.Importantly,hexokinase(HK)was found to regulate sex pheromone biosynthesis in response to the PBAN/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway,as demonstrated by RNAi,enzyme activity,and pharmacological inhibitor assays.Furthermore,Far2 and Desaturase1 were found to participate in PBAN-regulated sex pheromone biosynthesis.Altogether,our findings revealed that PBAN regulates sex pheromone biosynthesis through the PBANR/Ca^(2+)/CaN/ACC and PBANR/cAMP/PKA/HK pathways in C.punctiferalis,which enriches our comprehension of the details of sex pheromone biosynthesis in moths.
文摘目的:探讨J型针刀通过PACAP-cAMP-PKA信号通路改善脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱大鼠逼尿肌的作用机制。方法:36只SD雄性大鼠随机分为6组:空白组、假手术组、模型组、J型针刀治疗组、治疗+Bupivacaine抑制剂组、治疗+H-89抑制剂组,各6只。采用脊髓横断法制作神经源性膀胱模型。空白组为正常SD大鼠;假手术组为切开相关部位组织,无脊髓切断;其余4组予以手术脊髓切断造模。J型针刀治疗组造模后第19天予J型针刀针刺大鼠次髎穴,2 d 1次,共治疗7次。干预结束后各组行HE染色观察膀胱逼尿肌组织形态变化,Elisa检测膀胱逼尿肌组织中c AMP、PKA含量,免疫组化检测膀胱逼尿肌组织中PACAP38蛋白表达,Western blot检测膀胱逼尿肌组织中PKA、p-MLC蛋白表达。结果:HE染色结果显示,与空白组相比,模型组中膀胱逼尿肌组织严重坏死,可见大量炎症细胞浸润;与模型组相比,J型针刀治疗组、治疗+Bupivacaine抑制剂组及治疗+H-89抑制剂组均有不同程度坏死组织修复情况。免疫组化检测PACAP38蛋白表达在模型组中表达量最低,针刀治疗之后,PACAP38表达量均不同程度上调;与J型针刀治疗组相比,治疗+Bupivacaine抑制剂组及治疗+H-89抑制剂组PACAP38蛋白表达均不同程度下调(P<0.05),但高于模型组(P<0.05)。Elisa检测结果显示,cAMP、PKA表达量模型组显著下调(P<0.05),J型针刀治疗组与模型组比显著上调(P<0.05),治疗+Bupivacaine抑制剂组及治疗+H-89抑制剂组比无显著差异(P>0.05)。WB结果显示:与空白组相比,模型组PKA、p-MLC蛋白表达上调;针刀治疗组表达量下调,其中PKA蛋白表达有显著性(P<0.05),p-MLC蛋白表达无显著性(P>0.05)。与J型针刀治疗组比,PKA蛋白表达量在治疗+Bupivacaine抑制剂组及治疗+H-89抑制剂组中无显著差异(P>0.05),p-MLC蛋白表达量显著下降(P<0.05)。结论:J型针刀针刺次髎穴可改善脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱大鼠膀胱功能,其机制与J型针刀上调膀胱逼尿肌中PACAP38、cAMP、PKA表达,激活PACAP-cAMP-PKA信号通路,从而促进逼尿肌舒张有关。
文摘目的:基于环磷酸腺苷/蛋白激酶A(c AMP/PKA)信号通路探究参榆洗液对痔术后大鼠疼痛的影响。方法:构建痔术后大鼠模型,将造模成功的56只SD大鼠随机分为模型组、溶剂模型组、参榆洗液组、参榆洗液+Forskolin(c AMP/PKA信号通路激动剂)组、Forskolin组、H-89(c AMP/PKA信号通路抑制剂)组、NS-398(PGE_(2)抑制剂)组,每组8只;另取8只大鼠为空白组。各组大鼠给予对应药物干预,连续7 d。给药结束后1 d,观察大鼠一般状态及疼痛相关动物学行为,观察创面变化并计算创面愈合率,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察各组大鼠创面组织病理学改变,蛋白质免疫印迹法(Western blotting)检测各组大鼠背根神经节TRPV1、p-PKA蛋白表达及创面组织中c AMP、PKA蛋白表达,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测大鼠创面组织中c AMP m RNA、PKA m RNA表达,酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测创面组织中PGE_(2)、IL-6、IL-1β含量。结果:模型组大鼠背根神经节组织中p-PKA、TRPV1及创面周围组织c AMP、PKA、PGE_(2)、c AMP m RNA、PKA m RNA、IL-6、IL-1β表达水平升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,H-89组、NS-398组、参榆洗液+Forskolin组、参榆洗液组创面组织病变程度减轻,创面愈合率依次上升,背根神经节组织中p-PKA、TRPV1及创面组织c AMP、PKA、c AMP m RNA、PKA m RNA、IL-6、PGE_(2)、IL-1β表达水平依次降低(P<0.05);Forskolin干预能显著提高痔术后大鼠模型c AMP、PKA、TRPV1、p-PKA、PGE_(2)、IL-6、IL-1β表达水平(P<0.05),与参榆洗液联合干预后,上述蛋白及炎症因子表达水平显著下降(P<0.05)。结论:参榆洗液对痔术后大鼠cAMP/PKA信号通路有抑制作用,抑制c AMP/PKA信号通路可改善痔术后痛觉敏化,其机制可能与抑制PGE_(2)表达、减少炎症因子释放、抑制TRPV1活化有关。
