Objective: To study the therapeutic effect of Com pound Biejia Ruangan prescription (CBRP) on rat model with pulmonary fibrosis in duced by bleomycin. Methods: Fifty four male Sprague Dawley rats were rando mly divide...Objective: To study the therapeutic effect of Com pound Biejia Ruangan prescription (CBRP) on rat model with pulmonary fibrosis in duced by bleomycin. Methods: Fifty four male Sprague Dawley rats were rando mly divided into 6 groups (9 rats in each group). From the first day to the 28th day of the experiment, except to those in the sham model control group that were treated with normal saline, the same amount of bleomycin injection as the n ormal saline given to the control group was given through endotracheal instillat ion to all the rats in all the other groups. From the 29th day of the modeling, CBRP solution of different dosages was respectively injected into the rats in th e high, moderate and low CBRP dose group, while equal volume of normal saline w as given to those in the sham model control group and the model control group , and an equal volume of prednisone solution was given to rats in the prednisone group. On the 80th day, the high resolution computerized tomographic (HRCT) images were observed on an equal footing, and HRCT pathology was correlativel y studied. Results: Different HRCT pathological changes were shown in th e rats with pulmonary fibrosis, such as lung consolidation, thickening of interl obular septum and interlobular mesenchyma as well as lobular deformation, nodule shadow, abnormal brochiovascular tract, thickened pleura with irregular junctio n and polished glass like dense shadows. Honeycomb lung was observed in some cases. Pathological sections showed fibrotic proliferation of lung tissues and noticeable pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. CBRP could improve HRCT images of rats with pulmonary fibrosis, and lower fibrotic p roliferation of the lung tissue.Conclusion: CBRP plays its therapeutic role possibly through its effect on the structure of the lung in rats with pulmonary fibrosis.展开更多
Tyrosine hydroxylase is a key enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis. Change in tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the nigrostriatal system is closely related to the occurrence and development of Parkinson＇s disease. Verbas...Tyrosine hydroxylase is a key enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis. Change in tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the nigrostriatal system is closely related to the occurrence and development of Parkinson＇s disease. Verbascoside, an extract from Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata has been shown to be clinically effective in treating Parkinson＇s disease. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. It is hypothesized that the effects of verbascoside on Parkinson＇s disease are related to tyrosine hydroxylase expression change in the nigrostriatal system. Rat models of Parkinson＇s disease were established and verbascoside（60 mg/kg） was administered intraperitoneally once a day. After 6 weeks of verbascoside treatment, rat rotational behavior was alleviated; tyrosine hydroxylase m RNA and protein expression and the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the rat right substantia nigra were significantly higher than the Parkinson＇s model group. These findings suggest that the mechanism by which verbascoside treats Parkinson＇s disease is related to the regeneration of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra.展开更多
Objective: To observe the effects of S-adenosylmethio-nine (SAMe) in the treatment of cholestasis after totalparenteral nutrition (TPN).Methods: Thirty SD rats were randomly divided intocontrol group, hypercalorie gro...Objective: To observe the effects of S-adenosylmethio-nine (SAMe) in the treatment of cholestasis after totalparenteral nutrition (TPN).Methods: Thirty SD rats were randomly divided intocontrol group, hypercalorie group, hypercalorie+SAMegroup, sepsis group and sepsis+SAMe group to com-pare their states of cholestasis. Sixteen patients re-ceived SAMe because of cholestasis after prolongedTPN, and the therapeutic efficacy was observed.Results: Bile flow was obviously decreased and theserum levels of total bile acid and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase(γ-GT) were markedly increased in thehypercalorie and sepsis groups. Meanwhile, hepatocytefatty degeneration, dilatation of cholangioles, and bilesludge could be seen microscopically. SAMe adminis-tration in the hypercalorie+SAMe and sepsis+SAMegroups could increase the bile flow, decrease theserum levels of total bile acid and γ-GT, reduce thepathological damage to the liver, and clear the bilesludge in the cholangioles. Cholestasis and abnormalliver function were the main manifestations of the 16patients before SAMe administration. After SAMe treat-ment for 3 weeks, serum levels of total bilirubin, al-kaline phosphatase(AKP), γ-GT, alanine aminotrans-ferase(ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)were obviously decreased, and normalized in the 4thweek.Conclusion: SAMe could prevent and treat cholestasiswithout discontinuation of TPN.展开更多
AIM: To develop a new rat model we wanted to gain a better understanding of stricture formation in Crohn's disease(CD).METHODS: Chronic colitis was induced locally by the administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesul...AIM: To develop a new rat model we wanted to gain a better understanding of stricture formation in Crohn's disease(CD).METHODS: Chronic colitis was induced locally by the administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid(TNBS). The relapsing inflammation characteristic to CD was mimicked by repeated TNBS treatments. Animals were randomly divided into control, once, twice and three times TNBS-treated groups. Control animals received an enema of saline. Tissue samples were taken from the strictured colonic segments and also adjacent proximally and distally to its 60, 90 or 120 d after the last TNBS or saline administrations. The frequency and macroscopic extent of the strictures were measured on digital photographs. The structural features of strictured gut wall were studied by light- and electron microscopy. Inflammation related alterations in TGF-beta 2 and 3, matrix metalloproteinases 9(MMP9) and TIMP1 m RNA and protein expression were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis. The quantitative distribution of caspase 9 was determined by post-embedding immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Intestinal strictures first appeared 60 d after TNBS treatments and the frequency of them increased up to day 120. From day 90 an intact lamina epithelialis, reversible thickening of lamina muscularis mucosae and irreversible thickening of the muscularis externa were demonstrated in the strictured colonic segments. Nevertheless the morphological signs of apoptosis were frequently seen and excess extracellular matrix deposition was recorded between smooth muscle cells(SMCs). Enhanced caspase 9 expression on day 90 in the SMCs and on day 120 also in myenteric neurons indicated the induction of apoptosis. The m RNA expression profile of TGF-betas after repeated TNBS doses was characteristic to CD, TGF-beta 2, but not TGF-beta 3 was up-regulated. Overexpression of MMP9 and down-regulation of TIMP1 were demonstrated. The progressive increase in the amount of MMP9 protein in the strictures was also obvious between days 90 and 120 but TIMP1 protein was practically undetectable at this time.CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that aligned structural and molecular changes in the gut wall rather than neuronal cell death play the primary role in stricture formation.展开更多
Melanins are widely used in medicine, pharmacology and cosmetics. Different technologies have been used to obtain melanin including： chemical synthesis based on oxidation of tyrosine and its derivatives; extraction f...Melanins are widely used in medicine, pharmacology and cosmetics. Different technologies have been used to obtain melanin including： chemical synthesis based on oxidation of tyrosine and its derivatives; extraction from animal materials; alkaline extraction from plant material; and microbiological synthesis. A few number of works have been published that were focused on purification of water insoluble 3,4-dihy- droxy-phenylalanine-melanins （Kukulianskaia et al., 2002）. The majority of synthetic and natural melanins are insoluble in wa- ter that significantly complicates preparation of pharmacolog- ical and cosmetic preparations. Obtaining of low-cost soluble biotechnological melanin can speed up application of melanin in medicine and other fields. For the first time, melanin-syn-thesizing strain with high level of pigment synthesis - Bacillus thuringiensis was obtained. The ecologically safe technology of biosynthesis, isolation and purification of the bacterial melanin has been elaborated.展开更多
To investigate effects of Dragon＇s Blood（DB）,a traditional Chinese medicine,on blood coagulation and NO/iNOS level in myocardium and serum of rats in simulated microgravity for the first time,Sprague Dawley（SD）ra...To investigate effects of Dragon＇s Blood（DB）,a traditional Chinese medicine,on blood coagulation and NO/iNOS level in myocardium and serum of rats in simulated microgravity for the first time,Sprague Dawley（SD）rats were randomly divided into six groups：（a）5-day control group,（b）5-day model group,（c）5-day drug group,（d）21-day control group,（e）21-day model group,and（f）21-day drug group.Blood coagulation and NO/iNOS level in myocardium and serum were examined after 5 and 21 days of simulated microgravity respectively.The results showed that blood of tail-suspended rats was in a hypercoagulable state that could not be converted with time extending.Conversely,DB changed these parameters towards normal level and the curative effects became better when tail-suspension lasted till the 21 st day.NO concentration of both myocardium and serum for two periods all increased markedly and DB could effectively reduce these increases except that of 21-day myocardium NO.Activity of iNOS increased markedly as early as 5 days and became more serious on the 21 st day,while DB showed preventive effect on the 21 st day.Western Blot analysis illustrated that the expression of iNOS in the 5-day model group increased significantly over the 5-day control group and the expression in the 5-day drug group dramatically returned to the normal level.The similar trend was observed on the 21-day groups without notable variances.The findings of this study can serve for the further use of Dragon＇s Blood in space diseases.展开更多
To investigate the impact of different kinds of nerve injuries of early-stage fracture healing.Methods Three groups of rats were included in the experiment among which group 1 was inflicted with femoral fracture and T...To investigate the impact of different kinds of nerve injuries of early-stage fracture healing.Methods Three groups of rats were included in the experiment among which group 1 was inflicted with femoral fracture and T10 spinal cord transsection (SCI),group 2 was inflicted with femoral and peripheral nerve resection (PNR),and group 3 with simple femoral fracture as control group.Two weeks after operation the femoral bones were collected for X-ray checking and 2 more weeks later X-ray checking was performed again followed by pathomorphologic exams.Results X-ray result showed no massive calluses in the bones in the 2nd week postoperatively,while in the 4th week,callus appeared with larger size in group 3 than that of group 1 and with smaller size than that of group 2.It was the same with the result of pathomorphologic examining.Cortical bone bridges between fracture point and osteiod were also found in group 2 and there were less normal blood vessels and worse bone remodeling than that of group 3.There were relatively immature calluses with more fibroblast-like cells and disordered bone structure in group 2.Group 3 showed normal healing process and callus structure.Conclusion Early-stage bone fracture healing can be influenced significantly by different kinds of nerve injuries.6 refs,6 figs.展开更多
目的观察依那普利对肾性与自发性高血压大鼠左心室α-烯醇化酶(α-enolase,Eno1)及谷胱甘肽-s-转移酶,μ2(glutathione-s-transferase,μ2,GSTM2)表达的影响。方法实验共分5组:(1)对照组;(2)两肾两夹高血压大鼠组;(3)两肾两夹高血压大鼠...目的观察依那普利对肾性与自发性高血压大鼠左心室α-烯醇化酶(α-enolase,Eno1)及谷胱甘肽-s-转移酶,μ2(glutathione-s-transferase,μ2,GSTM2)表达的影响。方法实验共分5组:(1)对照组;(2)两肾两夹高血压大鼠组;(3)两肾两夹高血压大鼠+依那普利组;(4)自发性高血压大鼠组;(5)自发性高血压大鼠+依那普利组。检测各组大鼠血压及左室重量指数,行超声心动图检查,并运用Western blot检测各组大鼠左心室Eno1、GSTM2及β-肌球蛋白重链(β-myosin heavy chain,β-MHC)的表达情况。结果两肾两夹及自发性高血压大鼠血压与左室重量指数均明显高于对照组,依那普利治疗后,其左心室肥厚均得到明显逆转。与两肾两夹组相比,Eno1在自发性高血压大鼠中的表达明显上调;与对照组相比,GSTM2在自发性高血压大鼠中的表达明显下调,而两肾两夹组无变化,经依那普利治疗后,二者的表达变化均未得到明显逆转;β-MHC在两种模型中的表达均上调,而依那普利治疗后,β-MHC在二者中的表达均明显下调。结论依那普利能明显逆转β-MHC在两种模型中的差异表达,但不能逆转Eno1和GSTM2在二者中的差异表达。展开更多
基金This study was supported by National Funds of Natur al Science (No.30130220)and Administration of Education against SARS(No.15)
文摘Objective: To study the therapeutic effect of Com pound Biejia Ruangan prescription (CBRP) on rat model with pulmonary fibrosis in duced by bleomycin. Methods: Fifty four male Sprague Dawley rats were rando mly divided into 6 groups (9 rats in each group). From the first day to the 28th day of the experiment, except to those in the sham model control group that were treated with normal saline, the same amount of bleomycin injection as the n ormal saline given to the control group was given through endotracheal instillat ion to all the rats in all the other groups. From the 29th day of the modeling, CBRP solution of different dosages was respectively injected into the rats in th e high, moderate and low CBRP dose group, while equal volume of normal saline w as given to those in the sham model control group and the model control group , and an equal volume of prednisone solution was given to rats in the prednisone group. On the 80th day, the high resolution computerized tomographic (HRCT) images were observed on an equal footing, and HRCT pathology was correlativel y studied. Results: Different HRCT pathological changes were shown in th e rats with pulmonary fibrosis, such as lung consolidation, thickening of interl obular septum and interlobular mesenchyma as well as lobular deformation, nodule shadow, abnormal brochiovascular tract, thickened pleura with irregular junctio n and polished glass like dense shadows. Honeycomb lung was observed in some cases. Pathological sections showed fibrotic proliferation of lung tissues and noticeable pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. CBRP could improve HRCT images of rats with pulmonary fibrosis, and lower fibrotic p roliferation of the lung tissue.Conclusion: CBRP plays its therapeutic role possibly through its effect on the structure of the lung in rats with pulmonary fibrosis.
基金supported by a grant from Science and Technology Support Traditional Chinese Drug Research and Development Project of Shanghai of China,No.12401900302Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau of China,No.2012J009A+2 种基金a grant from Annual Research Budget of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China in 2013,No.2013JW25the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.3067268430973722
文摘Tyrosine hydroxylase is a key enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis. Change in tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the nigrostriatal system is closely related to the occurrence and development of Parkinson＇s disease. Verbascoside, an extract from Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata has been shown to be clinically effective in treating Parkinson＇s disease. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. It is hypothesized that the effects of verbascoside on Parkinson＇s disease are related to tyrosine hydroxylase expression change in the nigrostriatal system. Rat models of Parkinson＇s disease were established and verbascoside（60 mg/kg） was administered intraperitoneally once a day. After 6 weeks of verbascoside treatment, rat rotational behavior was alleviated; tyrosine hydroxylase m RNA and protein expression and the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the rat right substantia nigra were significantly higher than the Parkinson＇s model group. These findings suggest that the mechanism by which verbascoside treats Parkinson＇s disease is related to the regeneration of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra.
文摘Objective: To observe the effects of S-adenosylmethio-nine (SAMe) in the treatment of cholestasis after totalparenteral nutrition (TPN).Methods: Thirty SD rats were randomly divided intocontrol group, hypercalorie group, hypercalorie+SAMegroup, sepsis group and sepsis+SAMe group to com-pare their states of cholestasis. Sixteen patients re-ceived SAMe because of cholestasis after prolongedTPN, and the therapeutic efficacy was observed.Results: Bile flow was obviously decreased and theserum levels of total bile acid and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase(γ-GT) were markedly increased in thehypercalorie and sepsis groups. Meanwhile, hepatocytefatty degeneration, dilatation of cholangioles, and bilesludge could be seen microscopically. SAMe adminis-tration in the hypercalorie+SAMe and sepsis+SAMegroups could increase the bile flow, decrease theserum levels of total bile acid and γ-GT, reduce thepathological damage to the liver, and clear the bilesludge in the cholangioles. Cholestasis and abnormalliver function were the main manifestations of the 16patients before SAMe administration. After SAMe treat-ment for 3 weeks, serum levels of total bilirubin, al-kaline phosphatase(AKP), γ-GT, alanine aminotrans-ferase(ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)were obviously decreased, and normalized in the 4thweek.Conclusion: SAMe could prevent and treat cholestasiswithout discontinuation of TPN.
基金Supported by Hungarian Scientific Research Fund,No.OTKA PD 108309 to Bódi Nthe János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences to Bagyánszki M
文摘AIM: To develop a new rat model we wanted to gain a better understanding of stricture formation in Crohn's disease(CD).METHODS: Chronic colitis was induced locally by the administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid(TNBS). The relapsing inflammation characteristic to CD was mimicked by repeated TNBS treatments. Animals were randomly divided into control, once, twice and three times TNBS-treated groups. Control animals received an enema of saline. Tissue samples were taken from the strictured colonic segments and also adjacent proximally and distally to its 60, 90 or 120 d after the last TNBS or saline administrations. The frequency and macroscopic extent of the strictures were measured on digital photographs. The structural features of strictured gut wall were studied by light- and electron microscopy. Inflammation related alterations in TGF-beta 2 and 3, matrix metalloproteinases 9(MMP9) and TIMP1 m RNA and protein expression were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis. The quantitative distribution of caspase 9 was determined by post-embedding immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Intestinal strictures first appeared 60 d after TNBS treatments and the frequency of them increased up to day 120. From day 90 an intact lamina epithelialis, reversible thickening of lamina muscularis mucosae and irreversible thickening of the muscularis externa were demonstrated in the strictured colonic segments. Nevertheless the morphological signs of apoptosis were frequently seen and excess extracellular matrix deposition was recorded between smooth muscle cells(SMCs). Enhanced caspase 9 expression on day 90 in the SMCs and on day 120 also in myenteric neurons indicated the induction of apoptosis. The m RNA expression profile of TGF-betas after repeated TNBS doses was characteristic to CD, TGF-beta 2, but not TGF-beta 3 was up-regulated. Overexpression of MMP9 and down-regulation of TIMP1 were demonstrated. The progressive increase in the amount of MMP9 protein in the strictures was also obvious between days 90 and 120 but TIMP1 protein was practically undetectable at this time.CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that aligned structural and molecular changes in the gut wall rather than neuronal cell death play the primary role in stricture formation.
文摘Melanins are widely used in medicine, pharmacology and cosmetics. Different technologies have been used to obtain melanin including： chemical synthesis based on oxidation of tyrosine and its derivatives; extraction from animal materials; alkaline extraction from plant material; and microbiological synthesis. A few number of works have been published that were focused on purification of water insoluble 3,4-dihy- droxy-phenylalanine-melanins （Kukulianskaia et al., 2002）. The majority of synthetic and natural melanins are insoluble in wa- ter that significantly complicates preparation of pharmacolog- ical and cosmetic preparations. Obtaining of low-cost soluble biotechnological melanin can speed up application of melanin in medicine and other fields. For the first time, melanin-syn-thesizing strain with high level of pigment synthesis - Bacillus thuringiensis was obtained. The ecologically safe technology of biosynthesis, isolation and purification of the bacterial melanin has been elaborated.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81202996,81573693)National Key Scientific Apparatus Development of Special Item(2012YQ040140)
文摘To investigate effects of Dragon＇s Blood（DB）,a traditional Chinese medicine,on blood coagulation and NO/iNOS level in myocardium and serum of rats in simulated microgravity for the first time,Sprague Dawley（SD）rats were randomly divided into six groups：（a）5-day control group,（b）5-day model group,（c）5-day drug group,（d）21-day control group,（e）21-day model group,and（f）21-day drug group.Blood coagulation and NO/iNOS level in myocardium and serum were examined after 5 and 21 days of simulated microgravity respectively.The results showed that blood of tail-suspended rats was in a hypercoagulable state that could not be converted with time extending.Conversely,DB changed these parameters towards normal level and the curative effects became better when tail-suspension lasted till the 21 st day.NO concentration of both myocardium and serum for two periods all increased markedly and DB could effectively reduce these increases except that of 21-day myocardium NO.Activity of iNOS increased markedly as early as 5 days and became more serious on the 21 st day,while DB showed preventive effect on the 21 st day.Western Blot analysis illustrated that the expression of iNOS in the 5-day model group increased significantly over the 5-day control group and the expression in the 5-day drug group dramatically returned to the normal level.The similar trend was observed on the 21-day groups without notable variances.The findings of this study can serve for the further use of Dragon＇s Blood in space diseases.
文摘To investigate the impact of different kinds of nerve injuries of early-stage fracture healing.Methods Three groups of rats were included in the experiment among which group 1 was inflicted with femoral fracture and T10 spinal cord transsection (SCI),group 2 was inflicted with femoral and peripheral nerve resection (PNR),and group 3 with simple femoral fracture as control group.Two weeks after operation the femoral bones were collected for X-ray checking and 2 more weeks later X-ray checking was performed again followed by pathomorphologic exams.Results X-ray result showed no massive calluses in the bones in the 2nd week postoperatively,while in the 4th week,callus appeared with larger size in group 3 than that of group 1 and with smaller size than that of group 2.It was the same with the result of pathomorphologic examining.Cortical bone bridges between fracture point and osteiod were also found in group 2 and there were less normal blood vessels and worse bone remodeling than that of group 3.There were relatively immature calluses with more fibroblast-like cells and disordered bone structure in group 2.Group 3 showed normal healing process and callus structure.Conclusion Early-stage bone fracture healing can be influenced significantly by different kinds of nerve injuries.6 refs,6 figs.
文摘目的观察依那普利对肾性与自发性高血压大鼠左心室α-烯醇化酶(α-enolase,Eno1)及谷胱甘肽-s-转移酶,μ2(glutathione-s-transferase,μ2,GSTM2)表达的影响。方法实验共分5组:(1)对照组;(2)两肾两夹高血压大鼠组;(3)两肾两夹高血压大鼠+依那普利组;(4)自发性高血压大鼠组;(5)自发性高血压大鼠+依那普利组。检测各组大鼠血压及左室重量指数,行超声心动图检查,并运用Western blot检测各组大鼠左心室Eno1、GSTM2及β-肌球蛋白重链(β-myosin heavy chain,β-MHC)的表达情况。结果两肾两夹及自发性高血压大鼠血压与左室重量指数均明显高于对照组,依那普利治疗后,其左心室肥厚均得到明显逆转。与两肾两夹组相比,Eno1在自发性高血压大鼠中的表达明显上调;与对照组相比,GSTM2在自发性高血压大鼠中的表达明显下调,而两肾两夹组无变化,经依那普利治疗后,二者的表达变化均未得到明显逆转;β-MHC在两种模型中的表达均上调,而依那普利治疗后,β-MHC在二者中的表达均明显下调。结论依那普利能明显逆转β-MHC在两种模型中的差异表达,但不能逆转Eno1和GSTM2在二者中的差异表达。
