The magnitude of the overall prevalence and racial disparity in induced abortion suggests that it is a major influence on the demographic and socioeconomic composition of the population of the United States (US). Howe...The magnitude of the overall prevalence and racial disparity in induced abortion suggests that it is a major influence on the demographic and socioeconomic composition of the population of the United States (US). However, the years of potential lives averted by induced abortion have not been systematically studied. We applied race-specific intra-uterine death estimates to the induced abortions occurring to non-Hispanic (NH) white and non-Hispanic (NH) black women in the US state of North Carolina in 2008. The resultant estimate of births averted by induced abortion was used to project years of potential life lost. All-cause detailed mortality data were used to compare induced abortion with other contributing causes of years of potential life lost before age 75 (YPLL 75). For NH whites, induced abortions in 2008 contributed 59% of total YPLL 75, and 1.5 times the total YPLL 75 from all other causes combined. For NH blacks, induced abortions in 2008 contributed 76% of total YPLL 75 and 3.2 times the total YPLL 75 from all other causes combined. Induced abortion is the overwhelmingly predominant contributing cause of preventable potential lives lost in the North Carolina population, and NH blacks are disproportionately affected.展开更多
Introduction: Indicators of maternal health are often used to evaluate the social development and overall health of a population, as well as the accessibility of health services. Among these indicators, the Potential ...Introduction: Indicators of maternal health are often used to evaluate the social development and overall health of a population, as well as the accessibility of health services. Among these indicators, the Potential Years of Life Lost, which is associated with maternal deaths, is useful for the definition of priorities, monitoring, evaluation, and intervention, identifying the highest risk groups. Objective: To analyze the Potential Years of Life Lost by maternal death in Santa Catarina in 2000 and 2014. Method: An Ecological study with exploratory spatial analysis was conducted with data obtained from the Information System on Mortality and Live Births. Results: In the Information System, 35 maternal deaths in the year 2000 were identified and 24 in 2014. The total estimated years of life lost were 845 years in 2000 and 780 years in 2014, dominated by direct obstetric causes. In 2000, women who died lost, on average, 39.8 years of life;and 41.5 years in 2014. Conclusion: The spatial pattern observed in 2000 highlights areas of high risk in different regions of Santa Catarina. The greatest loss of years occurred in younger women, confirming the need to prevent and control maternal mortality and review strategies for compliance with public policies in the State.展开更多
目的:分析2016~2020年毕节市国家级死因监测地区慢性非传染性疾病死亡特征,为制定该地区慢性非传染性疾病预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法:采用粗死亡率、标准化死亡率、潜在减寿年数(potential years of life lost, PYLL)、平均减寿年...目的:分析2016~2020年毕节市国家级死因监测地区慢性非传染性疾病死亡特征,为制定该地区慢性非传染性疾病预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法:采用粗死亡率、标准化死亡率、潜在减寿年数(potential years of life lost, PYLL)、平均减寿年数(average years of life lost, AYLL)等指标对2016~2020年毕节市国家级死因监测地区慢性非传染性疾病死亡资料进行分析。结果:2016~2020年毕节市居民慢性非传染性疾病粗死亡率为436.7/10万,年龄标化死亡率为493.16/10万,呈逐年上升趋势,男性死亡率显著高于女性;慢性非传染性疾病死亡率随着年龄的增长呈上升趋势,从65~岁年龄组开始明显升高;循环系统疾疾病占比最高(50.17%),死亡率为219.12/10万,其次是肿瘤和呼吸系统疾病;慢性非传染性疾病造成的寿命损失年PYLL为356073人年,AYLL为5.78人年,PYLL率为25.24‰。结论:2016~2020年毕节市居民慢性非传染性疾病死亡率呈上升趋势,已成为我市居民的主要死因,严重影响居民的健康和生命,应作为今后疾病防控工作的重点。展开更多
Purpose： Traffic injuries are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Pedestrians have been considered as a high-risk group among road users, especially in middle- or low-income communities. Th...Purpose： Traffic injuries are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Pedestrians have been considered as a high-risk group among road users, especially in middle- or low-income communities. This study attempted to determine the burden of pedestrians＇ fatalities in Fars, the southern province of Iran using years of life lost （YLL） approach. Methods： The data used in this study were retrieved from Fars Forensic Medicine Organization database on pedestrian traffic accidents. The YLL from 2009 to 2013 was estimated using the method presented by World Health organization. Some epidemiological characteristics of pedestrians＇ fatalities were analyzed by SPSS. Results： Although YLL among 1000 male pedestrians decreased from 2.5 in 2009 to 1.5 in 2013, it increased from 0.9 to 2.1 among 1000 females during the same period. Higher proportion of death was found in female, illiterate, and married pedestrians {p 〈 0.001 ）. In addition, mortality was higher in pedestrians living the cities, during daytime, at home, and in hospitals （p 〈 0.001 ）. Conclusion： Consistent with the global trends, burden of pedestrian accidents in Fats was also excep- tionally high. Considering the national and cultural aspects of different countries, improving the safety of pedestrians demands a multi-dimensional approach with interventional factors concerning policies, rules, pedestrians, motor vehicles and environmental conditions taken into consideration.展开更多
目的了解2019年中国乙型肝炎的疾病负担情况并对2020—2030年乙型肝炎的疾病负担发展趋势进行预测。方法在2019全球疾病负担研究数据库(Global Burden of Disease 2019,GBD 2019)中下载中国乙型肝炎数据。利用患病率、发病率、死亡率、...目的了解2019年中国乙型肝炎的疾病负担情况并对2020—2030年乙型肝炎的疾病负担发展趋势进行预测。方法在2019全球疾病负担研究数据库(Global Burden of Disease 2019,GBD 2019)中下载中国乙型肝炎数据。利用患病率、发病率、死亡率、伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALY)、早死损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLL)、伤残损失寿命年(years lived with disability,YLD)及年龄标化率等指标描述2019年中国乙型肝炎的疾病负担情况,利用估计年百分比变化(estimated annual percentage change,EAPC)描述中国乙型肝炎疾病负担1990—2019年的变化趋势。采用R4.2.1构建贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列模型对2020—2030年中国乙型肝炎总体发病、死亡、DALY和YLD情况进行预测。结果1990—2019年中国乙型肝炎的总体疾病负担呈下降趋势,中国乙型肝炎的总体标化患病率为6566.1/10万、标化发病率为1397.3/10万、标化死亡率为8.1/10万、标化DALY率为247.7/10万、标化YLL率为241.5/10万、标化YLD率为6.2/10万,与1990年相比分别下降2.34%、2.35%、4.92%、5.15%、5.20%、2.71%。女性居民的疾病负担指标均低于同时期的男性居民。乙型肝炎的患病率在20~24岁最高,发病率在25~29岁最高,死亡率随着年龄增长而升高。根据贝叶斯模型预测,2020—2030年中国乙型肝炎发病人数约为1486.56万人,死亡人数约为11.18万人,DALY约为634.9万人年,YLD约为12.1万人年。结论尽管在1990—2019年之间中国乙型肝炎疾病负担呈下降趋势,但在2030年消除乙型肝炎病毒这一公共威胁的目标仍然面临挑战。因此,有必要扩大诊断覆盖范围、减轻患者经济负担,进一步推进健康中国建设。展开更多
目的 掌握2012—2021年南京市浦口区居民伤害死亡及因早死导致的疾病负担情况,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法 应用Excel 2007、SPSS 20.0计算伤害粗死亡率、标化死亡率、过早死亡损失寿命年(years of life lost, YLL)、YLL率、平均减寿...目的 掌握2012—2021年南京市浦口区居民伤害死亡及因早死导致的疾病负担情况,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法 应用Excel 2007、SPSS 20.0计算伤害粗死亡率、标化死亡率、过早死亡损失寿命年(years of life lost, YLL)、YLL率、平均减寿年(average years of lifelost, AYLL)等指标,运用Joinpoint模型计算以上指标的年度变化百分比(APC)。结果 2012—2021年浦口区伤害粗死亡率为37.61/10万,标化死亡率为31.15/10万。女性标化死亡率呈现上升趋势(APC=3.90%,t=4.57,P<0.01),男性伤害粗死亡率高于女性(χ^(2)=62.53,P<0.05)。全人群前3位伤害死亡率为运输事故、跌落和自杀,男性运输事故粗死亡率高于女性(χ^(2)=105.63,P<0.05);女性跌落粗死亡率高于男性(χ^(2)=13.37,P<0.05);跌落的标化死亡率呈逐年上升趋势(APC=12.10%,t=4.80,P<0.01)。伤害死亡率随年龄增长呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=1 977.71,P<0.01),前3位伤害死因0~14岁组为溺水、运输事故和意外窒息,15~44岁组为运输事故、自杀和溺水,45~64岁组为运输事故、自杀和跌落,≥65岁组为跌落、运输事故和自杀。导致的YLL为72 476人年,YLL率为10.77‰,女性YLL呈逐年上升趋势(APC=3.62%,t=4.07,P<0.01)。2012—2021年浦口区居民伤害死亡导致的AYLL为22.14人年,男性(APC=-5.40%,t=-6.80,P<0.01)和女性(APC=-4.80%,t=-3.11,P=0.01)的AYLL均呈现下降趋势。结论 伤害给浦口区居民健康带来严重的疾病负担,应加大老年人和儿童伤害预防干预投入,降低伤害事件、致残及死亡的发生。展开更多
目的:分析2021年西藏自治区山南市居民的死亡特征,了解死亡原因及死因顺位,为制定相关防控策略提供依据。方法:利用死亡率、标化死亡率、寿命损失年数(years of life lost,YLL)、早死概率、期望寿命指标,对2021年西藏自治区山南市居民...目的:分析2021年西藏自治区山南市居民的死亡特征,了解死亡原因及死因顺位,为制定相关防控策略提供依据。方法:利用死亡率、标化死亡率、寿命损失年数(years of life lost,YLL)、早死概率、期望寿命指标,对2021年西藏自治区山南市居民的全因死亡数据进行分析。结果:2021年西藏自治区山南市居民的总死亡率为500.3/10万(标化率1060.9/10万);男性死亡率为539.2/10万(标化率1282.5/10万),女性死亡率为462.5/10万(标化率889.5/10万),男性死亡率高于女性;总死亡YLL为35998.8年,男性为20827.0年,女性为15171.8年。居民前5位死因顺位分别是脑血管病、心脏病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、传染病,这5类疾病占报告死亡数的71.7%。慢性非传染性疾病占全死因的68.4%;四大类主要慢病早死概率为17.5%,男性为21.9%,女性为13.5%。山南市居民的期望寿命为75.3岁,男性为72.9岁,女性为77.7岁。结论:西藏自治区山南市居民中四大类主要慢病患者的早死概率高于全国水平,且四大类主要慢病是该市居民的主要死因。降低慢性病患者的过早死亡和YLL是预防和控制慢性病的主要目标。展开更多
目的 :了解2013年江苏省恶性肿瘤死亡情况及其所致潜在寿命损失特征,为肿瘤的预防提供依据。方法 :通过江苏省死因监测系统搜集2013年恶性肿瘤的死亡个案信息,利用从公安部门获取的人口学信息,计算死亡率、标化死亡率、潜在减寿年数(pot...目的 :了解2013年江苏省恶性肿瘤死亡情况及其所致潜在寿命损失特征,为肿瘤的预防提供依据。方法 :通过江苏省死因监测系统搜集2013年恶性肿瘤的死亡个案信息,利用从公安部门获取的人口学信息,计算死亡率、标化死亡率、潜在减寿年数(potential years of life lost,PYLL)和标化潜在减寿年数(standardized potential years of life lost,SPYLL)等指标,评价恶性肿瘤的死亡和早死负担及其人群分布特征。结果:2013年恶性肿瘤导致死亡135 236例,占2013年总死亡人数的29.38%,男、女分别为86 736、48 500例。恶性肿瘤死亡率和标化死亡率分别为196.80/10万和111.59/10万,死亡率男女比为1.77,城乡比为0.95。死亡率前5位依次为肺癌、胃癌、食管癌、肝癌和结直肠肛门癌,占全部恶性肿瘤的75.10%。恶性肿瘤所致PYLL和SPYLL分别为788 367和582 620.68人年,PYLLR男女比为1.78,城乡比为0.93,PYLL前5位依次为肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、食管癌和白血病,女性中乳腺癌取代食管癌处第4位。结论:导致全人群死亡和早死的主要恶性肿瘤为肺癌、胃癌、食管癌、肝癌、结直肠肛门癌和白血病,以及女性乳腺癌。对于恶性肿瘤死亡率和潜在减寿率,男性远高于女性、农村居民略高于城市居民。应针对重点癌种和人群,开展相关预防干预措施。展开更多
文摘The magnitude of the overall prevalence and racial disparity in induced abortion suggests that it is a major influence on the demographic and socioeconomic composition of the population of the United States (US). However, the years of potential lives averted by induced abortion have not been systematically studied. We applied race-specific intra-uterine death estimates to the induced abortions occurring to non-Hispanic (NH) white and non-Hispanic (NH) black women in the US state of North Carolina in 2008. The resultant estimate of births averted by induced abortion was used to project years of potential life lost. All-cause detailed mortality data were used to compare induced abortion with other contributing causes of years of potential life lost before age 75 (YPLL 75). For NH whites, induced abortions in 2008 contributed 59% of total YPLL 75, and 1.5 times the total YPLL 75 from all other causes combined. For NH blacks, induced abortions in 2008 contributed 76% of total YPLL 75 and 3.2 times the total YPLL 75 from all other causes combined. Induced abortion is the overwhelmingly predominant contributing cause of preventable potential lives lost in the North Carolina population, and NH blacks are disproportionately affected.
基金financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil(CAPES)-Finance Code 001.
文摘Introduction: Indicators of maternal health are often used to evaluate the social development and overall health of a population, as well as the accessibility of health services. Among these indicators, the Potential Years of Life Lost, which is associated with maternal deaths, is useful for the definition of priorities, monitoring, evaluation, and intervention, identifying the highest risk groups. Objective: To analyze the Potential Years of Life Lost by maternal death in Santa Catarina in 2000 and 2014. Method: An Ecological study with exploratory spatial analysis was conducted with data obtained from the Information System on Mortality and Live Births. Results: In the Information System, 35 maternal deaths in the year 2000 were identified and 24 in 2014. The total estimated years of life lost were 845 years in 2000 and 780 years in 2014, dominated by direct obstetric causes. In 2000, women who died lost, on average, 39.8 years of life;and 41.5 years in 2014. Conclusion: The spatial pattern observed in 2000 highlights areas of high risk in different regions of Santa Catarina. The greatest loss of years occurred in younger women, confirming the need to prevent and control maternal mortality and review strategies for compliance with public policies in the State.
文摘目的:分析2016~2020年毕节市国家级死因监测地区慢性非传染性疾病死亡特征,为制定该地区慢性非传染性疾病预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法:采用粗死亡率、标准化死亡率、潜在减寿年数(potential years of life lost, PYLL)、平均减寿年数(average years of life lost, AYLL)等指标对2016~2020年毕节市国家级死因监测地区慢性非传染性疾病死亡资料进行分析。结果:2016~2020年毕节市居民慢性非传染性疾病粗死亡率为436.7/10万,年龄标化死亡率为493.16/10万,呈逐年上升趋势,男性死亡率显著高于女性;慢性非传染性疾病死亡率随着年龄的增长呈上升趋势,从65~岁年龄组开始明显升高;循环系统疾疾病占比最高(50.17%),死亡率为219.12/10万,其次是肿瘤和呼吸系统疾病;慢性非传染性疾病造成的寿命损失年PYLL为356073人年,AYLL为5.78人年,PYLL率为25.24‰。结论:2016~2020年毕节市居民慢性非传染性疾病死亡率呈上升趋势,已成为我市居民的主要死因,严重影响居民的健康和生命,应作为今后疾病防控工作的重点。
文摘Purpose： Traffic injuries are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Pedestrians have been considered as a high-risk group among road users, especially in middle- or low-income communities. This study attempted to determine the burden of pedestrians＇ fatalities in Fars, the southern province of Iran using years of life lost （YLL） approach. Methods： The data used in this study were retrieved from Fars Forensic Medicine Organization database on pedestrian traffic accidents. The YLL from 2009 to 2013 was estimated using the method presented by World Health organization. Some epidemiological characteristics of pedestrians＇ fatalities were analyzed by SPSS. Results： Although YLL among 1000 male pedestrians decreased from 2.5 in 2009 to 1.5 in 2013, it increased from 0.9 to 2.1 among 1000 females during the same period. Higher proportion of death was found in female, illiterate, and married pedestrians {p 〈 0.001 ）. In addition, mortality was higher in pedestrians living the cities, during daytime, at home, and in hospitals （p 〈 0.001 ）. Conclusion： Consistent with the global trends, burden of pedestrian accidents in Fats was also excep- tionally high. Considering the national and cultural aspects of different countries, improving the safety of pedestrians demands a multi-dimensional approach with interventional factors concerning policies, rules, pedestrians, motor vehicles and environmental conditions taken into consideration.
文摘目的了解2019年中国乙型肝炎的疾病负担情况并对2020—2030年乙型肝炎的疾病负担发展趋势进行预测。方法在2019全球疾病负担研究数据库(Global Burden of Disease 2019,GBD 2019)中下载中国乙型肝炎数据。利用患病率、发病率、死亡率、伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALY)、早死损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLL)、伤残损失寿命年(years lived with disability,YLD)及年龄标化率等指标描述2019年中国乙型肝炎的疾病负担情况,利用估计年百分比变化(estimated annual percentage change,EAPC)描述中国乙型肝炎疾病负担1990—2019年的变化趋势。采用R4.2.1构建贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列模型对2020—2030年中国乙型肝炎总体发病、死亡、DALY和YLD情况进行预测。结果1990—2019年中国乙型肝炎的总体疾病负担呈下降趋势,中国乙型肝炎的总体标化患病率为6566.1/10万、标化发病率为1397.3/10万、标化死亡率为8.1/10万、标化DALY率为247.7/10万、标化YLL率为241.5/10万、标化YLD率为6.2/10万,与1990年相比分别下降2.34%、2.35%、4.92%、5.15%、5.20%、2.71%。女性居民的疾病负担指标均低于同时期的男性居民。乙型肝炎的患病率在20~24岁最高,发病率在25~29岁最高,死亡率随着年龄增长而升高。根据贝叶斯模型预测,2020—2030年中国乙型肝炎发病人数约为1486.56万人,死亡人数约为11.18万人,DALY约为634.9万人年,YLD约为12.1万人年。结论尽管在1990—2019年之间中国乙型肝炎疾病负担呈下降趋势,但在2030年消除乙型肝炎病毒这一公共威胁的目标仍然面临挑战。因此,有必要扩大诊断覆盖范围、减轻患者经济负担,进一步推进健康中国建设。
文摘目的 掌握2012—2021年南京市浦口区居民伤害死亡及因早死导致的疾病负担情况,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法 应用Excel 2007、SPSS 20.0计算伤害粗死亡率、标化死亡率、过早死亡损失寿命年(years of life lost, YLL)、YLL率、平均减寿年(average years of lifelost, AYLL)等指标,运用Joinpoint模型计算以上指标的年度变化百分比(APC)。结果 2012—2021年浦口区伤害粗死亡率为37.61/10万,标化死亡率为31.15/10万。女性标化死亡率呈现上升趋势(APC=3.90%,t=4.57,P<0.01),男性伤害粗死亡率高于女性(χ^(2)=62.53,P<0.05)。全人群前3位伤害死亡率为运输事故、跌落和自杀,男性运输事故粗死亡率高于女性(χ^(2)=105.63,P<0.05);女性跌落粗死亡率高于男性(χ^(2)=13.37,P<0.05);跌落的标化死亡率呈逐年上升趋势(APC=12.10%,t=4.80,P<0.01)。伤害死亡率随年龄增长呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=1 977.71,P<0.01),前3位伤害死因0~14岁组为溺水、运输事故和意外窒息,15~44岁组为运输事故、自杀和溺水,45~64岁组为运输事故、自杀和跌落,≥65岁组为跌落、运输事故和自杀。导致的YLL为72 476人年,YLL率为10.77‰,女性YLL呈逐年上升趋势(APC=3.62%,t=4.07,P<0.01)。2012—2021年浦口区居民伤害死亡导致的AYLL为22.14人年,男性(APC=-5.40%,t=-6.80,P<0.01)和女性(APC=-4.80%,t=-3.11,P=0.01)的AYLL均呈现下降趋势。结论 伤害给浦口区居民健康带来严重的疾病负担,应加大老年人和儿童伤害预防干预投入,降低伤害事件、致残及死亡的发生。
文摘目的:分析2021年西藏自治区山南市居民的死亡特征,了解死亡原因及死因顺位,为制定相关防控策略提供依据。方法:利用死亡率、标化死亡率、寿命损失年数(years of life lost,YLL)、早死概率、期望寿命指标,对2021年西藏自治区山南市居民的全因死亡数据进行分析。结果:2021年西藏自治区山南市居民的总死亡率为500.3/10万(标化率1060.9/10万);男性死亡率为539.2/10万(标化率1282.5/10万),女性死亡率为462.5/10万(标化率889.5/10万),男性死亡率高于女性;总死亡YLL为35998.8年,男性为20827.0年,女性为15171.8年。居民前5位死因顺位分别是脑血管病、心脏病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、传染病,这5类疾病占报告死亡数的71.7%。慢性非传染性疾病占全死因的68.4%;四大类主要慢病早死概率为17.5%,男性为21.9%,女性为13.5%。山南市居民的期望寿命为75.3岁,男性为72.9岁,女性为77.7岁。结论:西藏自治区山南市居民中四大类主要慢病患者的早死概率高于全国水平,且四大类主要慢病是该市居民的主要死因。降低慢性病患者的过早死亡和YLL是预防和控制慢性病的主要目标。
文摘目的 :了解2013年江苏省恶性肿瘤死亡情况及其所致潜在寿命损失特征,为肿瘤的预防提供依据。方法 :通过江苏省死因监测系统搜集2013年恶性肿瘤的死亡个案信息,利用从公安部门获取的人口学信息,计算死亡率、标化死亡率、潜在减寿年数(potential years of life lost,PYLL)和标化潜在减寿年数(standardized potential years of life lost,SPYLL)等指标,评价恶性肿瘤的死亡和早死负担及其人群分布特征。结果:2013年恶性肿瘤导致死亡135 236例,占2013年总死亡人数的29.38%,男、女分别为86 736、48 500例。恶性肿瘤死亡率和标化死亡率分别为196.80/10万和111.59/10万,死亡率男女比为1.77,城乡比为0.95。死亡率前5位依次为肺癌、胃癌、食管癌、肝癌和结直肠肛门癌,占全部恶性肿瘤的75.10%。恶性肿瘤所致PYLL和SPYLL分别为788 367和582 620.68人年,PYLLR男女比为1.78,城乡比为0.93,PYLL前5位依次为肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、食管癌和白血病,女性中乳腺癌取代食管癌处第4位。结论:导致全人群死亡和早死的主要恶性肿瘤为肺癌、胃癌、食管癌、肝癌、结直肠肛门癌和白血病,以及女性乳腺癌。对于恶性肿瘤死亡率和潜在减寿率,男性远高于女性、农村居民略高于城市居民。应针对重点癌种和人群,开展相关预防干预措施。
