Effects of different ration of NPK fertilizer on the grain yield and protein content in forage rice

Different ratios of NPK were adopted in this research to study its effects on the objective traits of 2 early forage-rice varieties, and to obtain the optimum ratio to further improve the application technique in theory. At the same time, the possibility of increasing yield and protein content in the grain through cultivation technique was also studied. The conclusions were：

Bio-Fertilizer Improved Oil Palm Seedling Growth

In most farming systems newly introduced commercial fertilizers to be accepted, adopted and used by farmers, their effectiveness and appropriate application rates must be exhibited. This study was conducted to validate the effect and rates of a bio-fertilizer (super agric) on oil palm seedling growth. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three application rates of 0, 4 and 8 ml/L of water (treatments) replicated thrice. Following the application of super agric to oil palm seedlings for a period of six months, observations drawn from the analysis of growth data were as follows: Three months after treatment, super agric significantly (P < 0.05) increased the height and breadth of oil palm seedling compared to those which were not applied with super agric. The results also showed that when super agric was applied at a rate of 4 ml/L, the leaf length and breadth were higher compared to the control were super agric was not used. Furthermore, applications of super agric improved oil palm seedling nitrogen uptake by 31% in treatment groups as compared to the control which explained the height and breadth increase in the oil palm seedlings that were applied with super agric. On the other hand, the effect of super agric application on phosphorus uptake by seedlings was not significant. Although the height, breadth, leaf width and length were all significantly affected by super agric application, the number of oil palm leaves and spears were not affected for the period the experiment was conducted. Six months after application of super agric the growth of oil palm seedlings was favorably impacted, hence we recommend super agric to be promoted among oil palm seedling growers.

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Seeding Density on Plant Growth and Seed Yield of Direct-seeding Rape

[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the effects of different N application rates and densities on the growth and development of direct-seeding rape as well as on its yield.[Methods] A field experiment was carried out by setting five N fertilizer treatments and three density levels.[Results] Increasing seeding density and N application rate could improve the seed yield of rape. The suitable N application rate for the three densities were calculated using the fitted fertilizer efficiency models, respectively, to be 186.77, 221.35 and 236.14 kg/hm^2, at which the yields were the highest. The results showed that in this area, the seeding density of direct-seeding rape could be selected in the range of 6.0×10^5-7.5×10^5 plants/hm^2, and the suitable N application rate could be in the range of 221.35-236.14 kg/hm^2.[Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for the maximization of spatial resource and efficient utilization of fertilizer.

Optimum Application Rate of Nitrogen in Summer Peanut in Southern Shandong Area

[Objectives]To study the effect of nitrogen(N)on the growth demand of summer peanuts under a certain level of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers,and to carry out experiments on nitrogen fertilizer control of summer peanuts.[Methods]Four treatments were set up in the experiment:no-nitrogen plot(N 0P_(4)K_(4)),optimized nitrogen plot(N_(7)P_(4)K_(4)),70%optimized nitrogen plot(N_(5)P_(4)K_(4)),130%optimized nitrogen plot(N 9P 4K 4),repeated 3 times,and arranged in random blocks.The area of the plot was 42 m^(2),ridges were set between the plots,and protective rows of more than 1 m were set around the experimental site.The types of fertilizers were urea,superphosphate,and imported potassium chloride,and the variety of peanuts was Linhua 5.Except for the level of fertilization,other agricultural operations were the same,and soil sampling tests,field records,and yield testing were carried out according to the requirements of the plan.[Results]On the basis of 60 kg/ha of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application,the optimum economical fertilizer application rate and the highest application rate of pure nitrogen were about 115.20 and 131.25 kg/ha,respectively.[Conclusions]This study is expected to provide a certain basis for the high-quality and high-yield summer peanuts in southern Shandong area.

Grain Crop Fertilization Status and Factors Influencing Farmers' Decision Making on Fertilizer Use: China Case Study

[Objective] China is the world＇s largest fertilizer consumer. Fertilizer plays an important role in maintaining China＇s food security. Along with population and economic growth, overuse of fertilizers has caused serious environmental problems, such as soil acidification, decline in soil organic carbon, and agricultural non-point source pollution. This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing farmers＂ decision making on fertilizer use, and provide policy recommendations on ways to affect fertilization. [Method] An econometric model reflecting fertilization of rural households was estimated from a survey distributed to 1 043 households randomly selected from 19 provinces in China. [Result] Results of the study showed that education years of fertilizer decision maker, fertilizer quality, organic fertilizer application, fertilizer price, and agricultural product price had significant effects on the fertilizer application rate at 1% level. Soil nutrient affected the fertilizer application rate at 10% level. [Conclusion] Policies aimed at improving the reasonable use of fertilizer should focus on the regulation of chemical fertilizer price, foundation of the organic-inorganic fertilizer system, soil testing, formulated fertilization, and agricultural extension service.

Effects of Increased Planting Density with ReducedNitrogen Application on Yield Formation and NitrogenUtilization of Autumn Maize

With the change of cropping system in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,the planting area of autumn maize is gradually increasing.However,the cultivation techniques are still under improvement for higher yield and nitrogen efficiency of autumn maize.Increase in planting density with reduced nitrogen fertilizer application is one of the important paths to achieve high yield and high nitrogen utilization efficiency.Meanwhile,the effect needs to be verified for autumn maize.The semi-compact autumn maize variety Qinyu 58 was planted under different planting densities and nitrogen fertilizer amounts with the split plot design.Different nitrogen application rates were arranged in the main plots,including the conventional nitrogen application(N300,300 kg/hm^2),30%reduction from the conventional treatment(N210,210 kg/hm^2)and no nitrogen application(N0).Different planting densities were arranged in the sub-split plots,including the conventional planting density(D60,60000 plants/hm2),medium density(D78,78000 plants/hm^2)and high density(D93,93000 plants/hm2).The effects of nitrogen fertilizer,planting density and their interaction effects on canopy structure,dry matter accumulation,yield and nitrogen use efficiency of autumn maize were studied.The nitrogen application rate and planting density had obvious interaction effects on the yield formation of autumn maize.Compared with the conventional cultivation(N300D60),increasing the planting density with 30%reduction in nitrogen application(N210)can obviously increase the canopy light interception rate,LAI,dry matter accumulation and yield.However,there was no significant change in canopy light interception rate,LAI,dry matter accumulation,grain weight and yield between D93 and D78.Compared with N300D60,nitrogen translocation efficiency and nitrogen contribution proportion to grain nitrogen did not change significantly in autumn maize grown under N210 and D78 treatments,whereas nitrogen partial productivity,nitrogen agronomic efficiency and recovery and utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer increased significantly.Moreover,high density(D93)planting at N210 plots significantly improved nitrogen transport efficiency and utilization efficiency in autumn maize.Therefore,the suitable planting density of the autumn maize variety Qinyu 58 in Hubei Province is recommended a value of 78000 plants/hm^2,with the nitrogen application rate of 210 kg/hm2,which can achieve the target of higher yield by increasing density and reducing nitrogen.

Development of a variable rate applicator for uniform fertilizer spreading

Environmental impact and economic concerns have driven a variable rate technology(VRT).Spinner spreaders were mainly used for granular fertilizer application since they are simple in design,inexpensive,and can cover large areas.However,the spreader was not adequate for VRT because uniformity changes drastically while varying application rates.Thus,the purpose of this study was to develop a variable rate applicator with uniform spreading patterns.A commercial spreader was modified with a controller and electric actuators for controlling fertilizer discharge directions and amounts.Database was established to determine the optimum discharge direction according to the fertilizer application amount.The uniformity of spreading patterns in accordance with the spread amount per set unit area was evaluated by the statistical coefficient of variation(CV)lower than 15%is assumed to prevent damage to the crop.Test results showed that CVs were 8%,9%,and 8%,respectively,for a tractor in race track mode(adjacent passes in same direction of travel)at 200 kg/hm^(2),300 kg/hm^(2),and 400 kg/hm^(2).This indicates that the fertilizer was spread uniformly,while the coefficient of variation was 12%at 200 kg/hm^(2) in back and forth mode(adjacent passes in the opposite direction of travel).Overall,the results suggest that the race track mode is suitable for operation of a tractor to ensure uniform spreading of fertilizer when applying at variable rates.The future goal is to establish a system for automatic variable rate application according to location in connection with soil analysis and geographic information systems.

我国籽实和饲草大麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标和推荐施磷量

为了给我国大麦测土施磷提供科学依据,采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法新应用公式”,开展了我国大麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标和推荐施磷量研究.结果表明,我国大麦土壤有效磷第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥40.7、24.2~40.7、14.4~24.2、8.6~14.4、5.1~8.6、3.0~5.1、1.8~3.0和<1.8 mg/kg.当磷肥利用率15%~35%时,目标产量3~7.5 t/hm~2籽实大麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量分别为0、9~50、17~100、26~150、34~200、43~250、51~300和60~350 kg/hm~2;目标产量6~15 t/hm~2干草大麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量依次为0、9~50、17~100、26~150、34~200、43~250、51~300和60~350 kg/hm~2;目标产量15~45 t/hm~2青贮大麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量分别为0、7~51、15~102、22~153、29~204、36~255、44~306和51~357 kg/hm~2.本研究建立了我国籽实和饲草大麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标推荐施肥系统,为我国大麦测土施磷奠定了科学基础.

我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标与推荐施磷量初步研究

为了给我国燕麦测土施磷提供科学依据,本研究采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法新应用公式”,开展了我国燕麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标与推荐施磷量研究。结果表明,我国燕麦土壤有效磷第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥45、24~45、12~24、6.2~12、3.2~6.2、1.7~3.2、0.9~1.7和<0.9mg/kg。当磷肥当季利用率为15%~35%时,目标产量1.5~6.0t/hm^(2)籽实燕麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量分别为0、4~40、9~80、13~120、17~160、21~200、26~240和30~280kg/hm^(2);目标产量4.5~15t/hm^(2)饲草燕麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量依次为0、6~50、13~100、19~150、26~200、32~250、39~300和45~350kg/hm^(2)。本研究建立了我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标推荐施肥系统,为我国燕麦测土施磷奠定了科学基础。

我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤钾素丰缺指标与推荐施钾量初步研究

为了给我国燕麦测土施钾提供科学依据,本研究采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法新应用公式”,开展了我国燕麦土壤钾素丰缺指标与推荐施钾量研究。结果表明,我国燕麦土壤速效钾第1~3级丰缺指标依次为≥258、117~258和<117mg/kg,全钾第1~4级丰缺指标依次为≥31、21~31、11~21和<11 g/kg。当钾肥当季利用率40%~60%时,目标产量1.5~6.0t/hm^(2)籽实燕麦第1~4级土壤推荐施钾量分别为0、10~60、20~120和30~180kg/hm^(2);目标产量4.5~15t/hm^(2)饲草燕麦第1~4级土壤推荐施钾量依次为0、18~90、36~180和54~270kg/hm^(2)。本研究初步建立了我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤钾素丰缺指标推荐施肥系统,为我国燕麦测土施钾奠定了科学基础。

中国三大棉花种植区域土壤速效钾丰缺指标及推荐施钾量研究

为给西北内陆棉区、长江流域棉区和黄河流域棉区棉花的钾肥施用提供科学依据,采用“零散实验数据整合法”“反正弦-对数矫正模型”以及“养分平衡-地力差减法”,开展了上述三大棉区棉花土壤速效钾丰缺指标和推荐施钾量研究。结果表明,中国三大棉区土壤速效钾丰缺指标均可划分出5级,西北内陆棉区第1~5级丰缺指标为≥418、166~418、111~166、80~111和<80 mg/kg;长江流域棉区第1~5级丰缺指标为≥357、128~357、81~128、56~81和<56 mg/kg;黄河流域棉区第1~5级丰缺指标为≥213、129~213、102~129、85~102和<85 mg/kg。三大棉区土壤速效钾临界值分别为166.0、127.2和128.4 mg/kg。当钾肥当季利用率为50%,籽棉(皮棉)目标产量为2.5~9.0(1.0~3.6)t/hm^(2)时,第1~5级土壤的推荐施钾量依次为0、30~108、60~216、90~324和120~432 kg/hm^(2)。

推荐施肥量下控释肥替代普通尿素提高高粱产量和氮肥生产力

【目的】高粱生产中氮肥施用不合理,氮肥利用效率低,研究适宜重庆地区高粱种植的控释氮肥减施比例,在减少氮肥用量的同时,确保高粱稳产高产,提高肥料利用效率。【方法】田间定位试验于2021、2022年在重庆永川进行,供试高粱品种为晋渝糯3号和金糯粱1号。设置6个处理,分别为不施氮肥(CK);习惯尿素施肥量(U,N 180 kg/hm^(2));尿素推荐施用量(U1,减N 20%,N 144 kg/hm^(2));控释氮肥减施氮量20%(C1,N144 kg/hm^(2));控释氮肥减施氮量30%(C2,N 126 kg/hm^(2));控释氮肥减施氮量40%(C3,N 108 kg/hm^(2))。在高粱开花期和成熟期,调查干物质积累量和转运量,成熟期调查植株和籽粒氮素含量、生物量、产量及产量构成因素。【结果】开花期和成熟期高粱干物质积累量均以C1和U1处理最高,C1处理成熟期干物质积累量又显著高于U1。C1处理叶片花前干物质转运量显著高于U。花后干物质积累量C1处理显著高于其他处理,U1和C2处理显著高于U处理。C1处理晋渝糯3号和金糯粱1号花后干物质积累量对籽粒的贡献率较U分别显著提高了11.54%和12.41%。C1处理的高粱产量最高(晋渝糯3号6611 kg/hm^(2),金糯粱1号5690 kg/hm^(2)),较其他施氮处理显著提高了5.40%~18.66%;其次为C2和U1处理,二者的产量均显著高于U和C3处理。各施氮处理的氮肥生理利用率(NPE)差异不显著;减氮处理间氮肥农学利用率(NAE)无显著差异,氮肥偏生产力(NPFP)差异显著,其NAE和NPFP均显著高于习惯施氮处理U;控释肥各减氮处理的NPFP显著高于普通氮肥推荐量处理U1。C1处理较U处理大幅提高了NAE、NPFP和氮肥利用率(NUE),晋渝糯3号分别提高了58.54%、39.61%和59.28%,金糯粱1号分别提高了80.97%、48.30%和63.08%;与U1处理相比,晋渝糯3号的NPFP、NUE分别提高了5.38%和22.19%,金糯粱1号分别提高了5.82%和4.42%。【结论】推荐施氮量下,用控释肥替代普通氮肥增加了高粱开花期和成熟期干物质积累量,提高了叶片花前干物质转运量和花后干物质积累量及其对籽粒的贡献率,提升了高粱产量和氮肥利用效率,可作为西南地区高粱生产的推荐氮肥施用方式。

密度及氮磷钾肥用量对绿豆产量质量的影响

研究不同种植密度及氮、磷、钾肥用量对绿豆产量单一指标及产量质量综合评价指标的影响,为绿豆高产优质生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。以密度及氮、磷、钾肥用量为试验因素,采用四元二次正交旋转组合设计,开展田间试验,测定干籽粒重、纯粮率、蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉5项产量质量指标,采用基于博弈论的组合赋权法综合层次分析法和熵权法权重,确定各单一指标权重,并运用逼近理想解的排序方法构建绿豆产量质量综合评价指标。建立密度及氮、磷、钾肥用量与产量单一指标及产量质量综合评价指标的二次回归数学模型,开展主因素、单因素、交互效应及优化方案分析。干籽粒重、纯粮率、蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉权重分别为0.4070、0.2112、0.1246、0.0949、0.1623。当其他因素为中间水平时,绿豆产量单一指标及产量质量综合评价指标分别随密度、施氮量、施磷量、施钾量增加呈开口向下的抛物线型变化。各因素对绿豆产量单一指标、产量质量综合评价指标的主效应表现为密度>施钾量>施磷量>施氮量。密度、施氮量、施磷量、施钾量之间存在正交互作用。密度为173004~194590株/hm^(2),氮、磷、钾肥用量分别为N 67.33~77.84 kg/hm^(2)、P2O5107.26~116.75 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O86.90~90.81 kg/hm^(2),绿豆产量、产量质量综合均较优。

我国葡萄土壤有效磷丰缺指标和适宜施磷量研究

为建立我国葡萄测土推荐施磷系统,本研究采用作物土壤养分丰缺指标推荐施肥系统研究新方法,探讨了我国葡萄土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量。结果表明,我国葡萄土壤有效磷第1~7级丰缺指标依次为≥95、35~95、13~35、4.5~13、1.7~4.5、0.6~1.7 mg/kg和<0.6 mg/kg。在葡萄目标产量15~60 t/hm^(2)、磷肥利用率15%~35%、土壤有效磷丰缺级别第1~7级情形下,目标产量15、22.5、30、37.5、45、52.5、60 t/hm^(2)的适宜施磷量范围分别为0~120、0~180、0~240、0~300、0~360、0~420、0~480 kg/hm^(2);磷肥利用率35%、30%、25%、20%、15%的适宜施磷量范围依次为0~206、0~240、0~288、0~360、0~480 kg/hm^(2);有效磷丰缺级别第1~7级土壤适宜施磷量分别为0、9~80、17~160、26~240、34~320、43~400、51~480 kg/hm^(2)。

水肥一体化下施氮量对土壤有机氮组分及玉米产量的影响

为进一步优化玉米水肥一体化施肥技术,促进氮肥有效转化利用,研究不同施氮量对土壤有机氮组分及玉米产量的影响。结果表明,随施氮量的增加,土壤酸解总氮、酸解铵态氮、酸解氨基酸态氮和酸解氨基糖态氮含量呈先上升后下降趋势,当施氮量为210 kg·hm^(-2)(N2处理)时,以上4种有机氮组分含量最高。酸解铵态氮是影响玉米产量的关键因素,N2处理下酸解铵态氮含量较N3(252 kg·hm^(-2))、N4(273 kg·hm^(-2))、N1(147 kg·hm^(-2))和N0(0 kg·hm^(-2))分别显著提高3.55%、9.86%、20.37%和170.21%;产量分别显著提高1.58%、2.97%、18.43%和112.89%。综上,N2处理(施氮肥210 kg·hm^(-2))具有更高的供氮潜力,是较为理想的施氮量。

我国甜菜土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量研究

【目的】甜菜是重要的糖料作物,土壤磷素供应和磷肥施用影响甜菜的产量和品质。为此,我们开展甜菜土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量研究。【方法】采用“零散实验数据整合法”建立我国甜菜相对产量与土壤有效磷含量回归方程。以“甜菜”“施肥”“磷”为主题词,在中国知网检索到相关论文44篇,剔除低质量试验数据后,共获得104组包含不施磷和施磷处理甜菜产量数据,及对应的土壤有效磷含量数据,建立不施磷甜菜相对产量与土壤有效磷含量之间的回归方程。参考“土壤养分丰缺分级改良方案”将土壤有效磷含量分为7级,将各节点不施磷甜菜相对产量带入建立的回归方程,计算出每个节点的土壤有效磷含量,作为甜菜土壤有效磷分级指标。采用“养分平衡—地力差减法新公式”,依据目标产量和磷肥利用率,计算了不同丰缺等级土壤的甜菜适宜施磷量。【结果】我国甜菜缺磷处理相对产量与土壤有效磷含量回归方程为:y=14.169 Ln(x)+46.679(R~2=0.3242,n=104,P<0.01)。我国甜菜土壤有效磷由高到低分为7个等级,对应的有效磷含量依次为≥44、22~44、11~22、6~11、3~6、1.5~3和<1.5 mg/kg。当甜菜目标产量为30~90 t/hm^(2)、磷肥利用率为15%~35%时,有效磷第1~7级土壤的适宜施磷量分别为0、13~90、26~180、39~270、51~360、64~450、77~540 kg/hm^(2)。【结论】鉴于收集采用的数据样本量大且来源于高质量试验,本研究建立的我国甜菜缺磷处理相对产量与土壤有效磷含量之间的回归方程具有很好的可信度,依据该方程确定了土壤有效磷丰缺指标,进而若干目标产量和磷肥利用率下不同丰缺等级土壤的甜菜适宜施磷量得以推荐。

稻麦复种模式下氮肥与稻秸互作对小麦产量和N_(2)O排放影响及推荐施肥研究

优化氮肥施用和秸秆还田技术为途径的农业管理措施被认为是提升农业可持续性的有效手段,然而当前关于氮肥和秸秆还田对小麦产量和N_(2)O排放影响的研究仍十分有限。为此,本研究基于2000—2022年发表的关于长江中下游流域氮肥和秸秆投入下小麦产量和N_(2)O排放变化的文献,运用随机森林建模,定量分析氮肥和秸秆还田对小麦产量和N_(2)O排放的影响,并结合情景设置进行了特定地点的小麦产量和N_(2)O排放模拟,同时评估了碳排放强度(CEE)和净生态系统经济效益(NEEB)。结果表明,建立的区域尺度小麦产量与N_(2)O排放对氮秸互作响应的随机森林模型,验证结果R^(2)分别为0.66和0.65,RMSE分别为0.70和1.11。结果表明施氮量和土壤有机质是影响小麦产量和N_(2)O排放的重要因素。综合来看,达到最大产量所需的氮肥量为208~212 kg hm^(-2),达到最小CEE所需的氮肥量为113~130 kg hm^(-2),达到最高的NEEB所需的氮肥量为202~205 kg hm^(-2),其中在6.75 t hm^(-2)的秸秆投入下施用202 kg hm^(-2)的氮肥可以获得最高的生态收益1.37万元。优化氮肥和秸秆投入具备减少作物碳排放强度并获得最大净生态环境效益的潜力。

宁夏六盘山区芹菜栽培对氮肥施用量的响应差异

为解决宁夏六盘山区芹菜生产过程中由于氮肥施用不当引起的一系列问题,以芹菜品种皇后为供试材料,通过单因素多水平随机区组试验设计,研究不同供氮水平(0、150、300、450、600 kg‧hm^(-2))对芹菜产量和品质等方面的影响。结果表明,适量的氮肥施用有助于芹菜对钾素和磷素的吸收,在增施氮肥后,能够提高芹菜的植株高度、植株周长、叶柄长、干物质积累和产量,且增产范围在15.65%~33.28%。通过对产量进行回归分析得出,芹菜取得最高产量时氮肥用量为394.75 kg·hm^(-2),最佳经济效益氮肥用量为287.07 kg·hm^(-2)。此外,在一定范围内增施氮肥,会提高芹菜的硝酸盐、粗纤维、维生素C和可溶性固形物含量。采用TOPSIS法对芹菜的多项指标进行评价,N450处理的评分最高,N0处理最低。综上,为减少土壤环境污染,提高氮肥利用率,推荐宁夏六盘山区种植芹菜时氮肥施用量为287.07~394.75 kg·hm^(-2)。

海南岛典型水稻土施硅肥对水稻产量与品质的影响

针对海南岛典型水稻土有效硅含量严重不足的现状,合理制定硅肥施用量成为当务之急。以海南岛5种典型成土母质(玄武岩、海相沉积物、河流冲积物、砂页岩、花岗岩)发育水稻土为研究对象,开展水稻硅肥肥效的田间小区试验;分析不同硅肥处理下水稻产量、品质及其相关的生理生化与农艺学指标。结果表明:对于玄武岩和花岗岩发育的水稻土,相较于空白对照,T_(2)与T_(3)施硅肥量均显著提高水稻产量及其相关的水稻茎蘖数、分蘖数、有效穗数、结实率、千粒重、根系活力、叶绿素、粗纤维素含量等指标水平,且稻米的精米率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量等品质特征也达到较好水平;综合推荐玄武岩水稻土最佳施硅肥量为750~950 kg/hm^(2)(有效态SiO_(2)为187~238 kg/hm^(2)),花岗岩水稻土合理施硅肥量为625~935 kg/hm^(2)(有效态SiO_(2)为156~234 kg/hm^(2))。对于海相沉积物、河流冲积物和砂页岩发育的水稻土,相较于空白对照,T_(2)与T_(3)施硅肥量均明显增加水稻分蘖数及根系活力、叶绿素、粗纤维素含量等指标;水稻产量在T_(2)施硅肥量时最高且品质也达到较好,继续提高施硅肥量(T_(3))水稻产量及其相关农艺学指标提高不明显,甚至个别指标出现下降趋势;综合推荐海相沉积物和河流冲积物水稻土施硅肥量为560 kg/hm^(2)(有效态SiO_(2)均为140 kg/hm^(2))为宜,砂页岩水稻土施硅肥量为750 kg/hm^(2)(有效态SiO_(2)为187 kg/hm^(2))为宜。因此,本研究揭示了海南岛典型水稻土施硅肥效应,为制定海南水稻土施硅肥标准以及水稻高效施硅技术的示范与推广提供科学基础。

国内外有机肥施肥机发展状况及前景趋势

肥料不仅是农作物生长的基础,更是农业生产重要的环节。人工施肥存在效率低、施肥效果差、肥料利用率低、工作繁重等问题,施肥机械成为施肥作业的重要手段。文章介绍了国内外的有机肥施肥机械,对国内外的施肥机械现状做了简要概述,对其功能特点进行了简要分析,分析了国内外变量施肥机、固体施肥机及液体施肥机相关机型的作业方式及结构特点,同时根据我国施肥机械现状,提出有机肥施肥机械存在的问题并指出未来的发展方向,旨在为我国施肥机械的发展提供参考。