The paper investigates a few of the major areas of the next generation technological advancement,“smart city planning concept”.The areas that the paper focuses are vehicle to grid(V2G),sun to vehicle(S2V),and vehicl...The paper investigates a few of the major areas of the next generation technological advancement,“smart city planning concept”.The areas that the paper focuses are vehicle to grid(V2G),sun to vehicle(S2V),and vehicle to infrastructure(V2I).For the bi-directional crowd energy single entity concept,V2G and building to grid(B2G)are the primary parts of distributed renewable generation(DRG)under smart living.This research includes an in-depth overview of this three major areas.Next,the research conducts a case analysis of V2G,S2V,and V2I along with their possible limitations in order to find out the novel solutions for future development both for academia and industry levels.Lastly,few possible solutions have been proposed to minimize the limitations and to develop the existing system for future expansion.展开更多
在气候变化和人类活动的综合影响下,青海省生态环境发生了明显变化。在此背景下,以GIMMS NDVI 3g.v1为数据源,采用Sen+Mann-Kendal方法研究青海省1982-2015年植被覆盖区域NDVI时空变化,将趋势分析和R/S(rescaled range analysis)分析叠...在气候变化和人类活动的综合影响下,青海省生态环境发生了明显变化。在此背景下,以GIMMS NDVI 3g.v1为数据源,采用Sen+Mann-Kendal方法研究青海省1982-2015年植被覆盖区域NDVI时空变化,将趋势分析和R/S(rescaled range analysis)分析叠加,研究植被生长季NDVI变化的持续性特征,并揭示植被对气候变化及人类活动的响应规律。结果表明:1)近34年青海省植被NDVI整体呈从西北到东南的增加趋势;且变异系数显示,波动性较大地区集中在柴达木盆地周边和青南牧区西北部等植被NDVI较低的区域,波动性较小地区集中在祁连山东部、东部农业区和青南牧区东南部等植被NDVI较高的区域。2)近34年青海省植被NDVI整体呈增加趋势,增长率为0.38%·10a^(-1);且NDVI变化具有明显的阶段性,存在1994年和2000年两个突变点。3)近34年青海省植被改善区域(75.4%)远大于退化区域(24.6%),其中显著改善面积占植被覆盖区域面积的40.9%,退化区随时间变化在空间上表现出明显的转移现象。4)Hurst指数表明,青海省植被变化反持续性较强,趋势分析与Hurst指数叠加得出,由退化转为改善的区域占植被覆盖区面积的13.7%,由改善转为退化的区域占植被覆盖区面积的44.3%,另41.5%的区域无法确定未来变化趋势。5)青海省植被生长季NDVI受气候变化和人类活动的双重影响,且不同植被类型对气候变化的响应存在较大差异。展开更多
[Objectives] To determine 29 kinds of inorganic elements in samples of Paris daliensis H.Li et V.G.Souku and P. dulongensis H.Li et S.Kuritap produced in different regions, and to measure the content of 10 key inorgan...[Objectives] To determine 29 kinds of inorganic elements in samples of Paris daliensis H.Li et V.G.Souku and P. dulongensis H.Li et S.Kuritap produced in different regions, and to measure the content of 10 key inorganic elements: chromium(Cr), manganese(Mn), iron(Fe), copper(Cu), mercury(Hg), zinc(Zn), arsenic(As), antimony(Sr), cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb). [Methods] The wet digestion and technique of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES) were employed. [Results] Under the experimental conditions, elements were not related to each other, and many kinds of elements could be measured at the same time; toxic and heavy metals in samples of P. daliensis H.Li et V.G.Souku and P. dulongensis H.Li et S.Kuritap did not exceed the limit; Hg was not detected in all samples. [Conclusions] This method is simple, easy to operate and reproducible. It can be used for the detection of inorganic elements in P. daliensis H.Li et V.G.Souku and P. dulongensis H.Li et S.Kuritap; the heavy metals and Hg of the rhizome meet the requirements of the limit of medicinal materials.展开更多
[Objectives]To determine the content of total saponins in Paris daliensis H. Li et V. G. Soukoup and Paris dulongensis H. Li et S.kurita,fill the gap in the study of Paris daliensis H. Li et V. G. Soukoup and Paris du...[Objectives]To determine the content of total saponins in Paris daliensis H. Li et V. G. Soukoup and Paris dulongensis H. Li et S.kurita,fill the gap in the study of Paris daliensis H. Li et V. G. Soukoup and Paris dulongensis H. Li et S. kurita,and lay a foundation for searching new medicinal resources of Paris L. [Methods]The perchloric acid colorimetric method and UV spectrophotometer were used to determine the content of total saponins in Paris daliensis H. Li et V. G. Soukoup and Paris dulongensis H. Li et S. kurita at 406 nm. [Results]The lowest content of total saponins in Paris daliensis H. Li et V. G. Soukoup was 2. 637%,while the highest content reached 5. 474%; the lowest content of total saponins in Paris dulongensis was 1. 806%,while the highest content reached 3. 532%. Through the methodological examination,it was found that this method was stable and reliable. [Conclusions] The content of total saponins was high in Paris daliensis H.Li et V. G. Soukoup and Paris dulongensis H. Li et S. kurita,and it was suggested to further study and find the medicinal resources of Paris L.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Nx stage one machine results can help to enhance the clinical efficiency and shortage concerning the use of home hemodialysis. Therefore, the study investigates effectiveness...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Nx stage one machine results can help to enhance the clinical efficiency and shortage concerning the use of home hemodialysis. Therefore, the study investigates effectiveness of Nx stage machine for intermittent conventional hemodialysis in hospital for inpatients and outpatients to replace conventional hemodialysis in stable chronic hemodialysis patients. <strong>Methods:</strong> Prospective observatory study was conducted in Nephrology Division, King Fahd General Hospital from April 1 to June 1 2018. Patients with ESRD, who were dependent on dialysis and maintained on regular hemodialysis were recruited. Fifty-two sessions of hemodialysis were performed. The patients were given intermittent dialysis using Nx stage one machine. Pre and Post dialysis investigations and body weight were taken, and patients were observed for any complications during or post-dialysis. <strong>Findings:</strong> The primary endpoint ultrafiltration with a goal to remove 1 - 4 kg was achieved without any technical difficulty. Secondary endpoint for potassium reduction levels was achieved with mean SD post-dialysis 3.53 ± 0.3, and the tertiary endpoint was achieved in a patient less than 50 kg weight with spKt/V above 1.2. It was difficult to achieve spKt/V in patients with weight more than 60 kg due to limitations in the duration of sessions or dialysate volume. Target spkT/V was achieved for patients with body weight less than 50 kg;however, it was not achieved among the patients with body weight more than 60 kg. <strong>Discussion:</strong> Nx stage one machine can replace conventional intermittent dialysis in terms of ultrafiltration and Potassium correction;however, further investigation is needed for urea clearance.展开更多
We estimated crustal v p/ v s ratio of Tibetan Plateau by combined inversion of Love and Rayleigh wave dispersion data. It is developed by us that the joint inversion methods using both Love and Rayleigh wave dispersi...We estimated crustal v p/ v s ratio of Tibetan Plateau by combined inversion of Love and Rayleigh wave dispersion data. It is developed by us that the joint inversion methods using both Love and Rayleigh wave dispersion data. Thickness and S\|wave velocity of each sub layer are taken from Love wave dispersion data, then P\|wave velocity structure was deduced using Rayleigh wave dispersion data. Densities of sub layers were estimated by the empirical relationships between seismic velocity and rock density. Having S\| and P\|wave velocities, v p/ v s ratio is calculated for each sub layer. Six sub layers in crust of Tibetan Plateau has been identified, which are 0～8km, 8～30km, 30～40km, 40～62km, 62～68km and 68～75km respectively. The S\|wave velocity structure of the Plateau is 3 13, 3 32, 3 15, 3 92, 3 45 and 3 87 km/s for each sub layer; and P\|wave velocities are 6 00, 6 10, 5 72, 6 35, 6 78 and 6 64km/s respectively v p/ v s ratios in sub layers are 1 92, 1 84, 1 82, 1 62, 1 96 and 1 72; and corresponding Poisson ratios are 0 31, 0 29, 0 28, 0 19, 0 32 and 0 24. Our result on Poisson ratios of Tibetan crust was supported by seismic waveform modelling by Rodgers and Schwartz (1998).展开更多
An In0.53Ga0.47As/AlAs resonant tunneling diode （RTD） with a high doping emitter is designed and fabricated using air bridge technology. The RTD exhibits a high peak-to-valley current ratio （PVCR） of more than 40 ...An In0.53Ga0.47As/AlAs resonant tunneling diode （RTD） with a high doping emitter is designed and fabricated using air bridge technology. The RTD exhibits a high peak-to-valley current ratio （PVCR） of more than 40 at room temperature, with a peak current density of 24 kA/cm2. The extraction of device parameters from DC and microwave measurements is presented together with an RTD equivalent circuit. The high PVCR RTD with small intrinsic capacitance is favorable for microwave/THz applications.展开更多
A tomographic study of the Vp and Vp/Vs structures in the crust and upper mantle beneath the Taiwan region of China is conducted by simultaneous inversion of P and S arrival times. Compared with the previous tomograph...A tomographic study of the Vp and Vp/Vs structures in the crust and upper mantle beneath the Taiwan region of China is conducted by simultaneous inversion of P and S arrival times. Compared with the previous tomographic results, the spherical finite difference technique is suitable for the strong heterogeneous velocity structure, and may improve the accuracy in the travel time and three-dimensional ray tracing calculations. The Vp and Vp/Vs structures derived from joint inversion and the relocated earthquakes can provide better constraints for analyzing the lateral heterogeneity and deep tectonic characters in the crust and upper mantle. Our tomographic results reveal significant relations between the seismic wavespeed structure and the tectonic characters. In the shallow depth, sedimentary basins and orogen show distinct wavespeed anomalies, with low Vp, high Vp/Vs in basins and high Vp, low Vp/Vs in orogen. As the suture zone of Eurasian Plate and Philippine Sea Plate, Longitudinal Valley is characterized by a significant high Vp/Vs anomaly extending to the middle-lower crust and upper mantle, which reflects the impact of rock cracking, partial melting, and the presence of fluids. In the northeast Taiwan, the Vp, Vp/Vs anomalies and relocated earthquakes depict the subducting Philippine Sea Plate under the Eurasian Plate. The high Vp of oceanic plate and the low Vp, high Vp/Vs atop the subducted oceanic plate extend to 80 km depth. Along the east-west profiles, the thickness of crust reaches 60 km at the east of Central Range with eastward dipping trend, which reveals the eastward subduction of the thickened and deformed crust of the Eurasian continental plate.展开更多
文摘The paper investigates a few of the major areas of the next generation technological advancement,“smart city planning concept”.The areas that the paper focuses are vehicle to grid(V2G),sun to vehicle(S2V),and vehicle to infrastructure(V2I).For the bi-directional crowd energy single entity concept,V2G and building to grid(B2G)are the primary parts of distributed renewable generation(DRG)under smart living.This research includes an in-depth overview of this three major areas.Next,the research conducts a case analysis of V2G,S2V,and V2I along with their possible limitations in order to find out the novel solutions for future development both for academia and industry levels.Lastly,few possible solutions have been proposed to minimize the limitations and to develop the existing system for future expansion.
文摘在气候变化和人类活动的综合影响下,青海省生态环境发生了明显变化。在此背景下,以GIMMS NDVI 3g.v1为数据源,采用Sen+Mann-Kendal方法研究青海省1982-2015年植被覆盖区域NDVI时空变化,将趋势分析和R/S(rescaled range analysis)分析叠加,研究植被生长季NDVI变化的持续性特征,并揭示植被对气候变化及人类活动的响应规律。结果表明:1)近34年青海省植被NDVI整体呈从西北到东南的增加趋势;且变异系数显示,波动性较大地区集中在柴达木盆地周边和青南牧区西北部等植被NDVI较低的区域,波动性较小地区集中在祁连山东部、东部农业区和青南牧区东南部等植被NDVI较高的区域。2)近34年青海省植被NDVI整体呈增加趋势,增长率为0.38%·10a^(-1);且NDVI变化具有明显的阶段性,存在1994年和2000年两个突变点。3)近34年青海省植被改善区域(75.4%)远大于退化区域(24.6%),其中显著改善面积占植被覆盖区域面积的40.9%,退化区随时间变化在空间上表现出明显的转移现象。4)Hurst指数表明,青海省植被变化反持续性较强,趋势分析与Hurst指数叠加得出,由退化转为改善的区域占植被覆盖区面积的13.7%,由改善转为退化的区域占植被覆盖区面积的44.3%,另41.5%的区域无法确定未来变化趋势。5)青海省植被生长季NDVI受气候变化和人类活动的双重影响,且不同植被类型对气候变化的响应存在较大差异。
基金Supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China during the 13th Five-Year Plan Period(2018ZX09301060)Fourth National Survey of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Program(2017)+1 种基金Science and Technology Condition Capacity Building and Technology Extension Demonstration Project of Aba Prefecture(18TJPT0004)Innovating Research Program of Postgraduates of Southwest Minzu University in 2019(CX2019SZ180)
文摘[Objectives] To determine 29 kinds of inorganic elements in samples of Paris daliensis H.Li et V.G.Souku and P. dulongensis H.Li et S.Kuritap produced in different regions, and to measure the content of 10 key inorganic elements: chromium(Cr), manganese(Mn), iron(Fe), copper(Cu), mercury(Hg), zinc(Zn), arsenic(As), antimony(Sr), cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb). [Methods] The wet digestion and technique of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES) were employed. [Results] Under the experimental conditions, elements were not related to each other, and many kinds of elements could be measured at the same time; toxic and heavy metals in samples of P. daliensis H.Li et V.G.Souku and P. dulongensis H.Li et S.Kuritap did not exceed the limit; Hg was not detected in all samples. [Conclusions] This method is simple, easy to operate and reproducible. It can be used for the detection of inorganic elements in P. daliensis H.Li et V.G.Souku and P. dulongensis H.Li et S.Kuritap; the heavy metals and Hg of the rhizome meet the requirements of the limit of medicinal materials.
基金Supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Support Program(2016FZ-0045)Education and Teaching Research and Reform Project of Southwest University for Nationalities(2015)
文摘[Objectives]To determine the content of total saponins in Paris daliensis H. Li et V. G. Soukoup and Paris dulongensis H. Li et S.kurita,fill the gap in the study of Paris daliensis H. Li et V. G. Soukoup and Paris dulongensis H. Li et S. kurita,and lay a foundation for searching new medicinal resources of Paris L. [Methods]The perchloric acid colorimetric method and UV spectrophotometer were used to determine the content of total saponins in Paris daliensis H. Li et V. G. Soukoup and Paris dulongensis H. Li et S. kurita at 406 nm. [Results]The lowest content of total saponins in Paris daliensis H. Li et V. G. Soukoup was 2. 637%,while the highest content reached 5. 474%; the lowest content of total saponins in Paris dulongensis was 1. 806%,while the highest content reached 3. 532%. Through the methodological examination,it was found that this method was stable and reliable. [Conclusions] The content of total saponins was high in Paris daliensis H.Li et V. G. Soukoup and Paris dulongensis H. Li et S. kurita,and it was suggested to further study and find the medicinal resources of Paris L.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Nx stage one machine results can help to enhance the clinical efficiency and shortage concerning the use of home hemodialysis. Therefore, the study investigates effectiveness of Nx stage machine for intermittent conventional hemodialysis in hospital for inpatients and outpatients to replace conventional hemodialysis in stable chronic hemodialysis patients. <strong>Methods:</strong> Prospective observatory study was conducted in Nephrology Division, King Fahd General Hospital from April 1 to June 1 2018. Patients with ESRD, who were dependent on dialysis and maintained on regular hemodialysis were recruited. Fifty-two sessions of hemodialysis were performed. The patients were given intermittent dialysis using Nx stage one machine. Pre and Post dialysis investigations and body weight were taken, and patients were observed for any complications during or post-dialysis. <strong>Findings:</strong> The primary endpoint ultrafiltration with a goal to remove 1 - 4 kg was achieved without any technical difficulty. Secondary endpoint for potassium reduction levels was achieved with mean SD post-dialysis 3.53 ± 0.3, and the tertiary endpoint was achieved in a patient less than 50 kg weight with spKt/V above 1.2. It was difficult to achieve spKt/V in patients with weight more than 60 kg due to limitations in the duration of sessions or dialysate volume. Target spkT/V was achieved for patients with body weight less than 50 kg;however, it was not achieved among the patients with body weight more than 60 kg. <strong>Discussion:</strong> Nx stage one machine can replace conventional intermittent dialysis in terms of ultrafiltration and Potassium correction;however, further investigation is needed for urea clearance.
文摘We estimated crustal v p/ v s ratio of Tibetan Plateau by combined inversion of Love and Rayleigh wave dispersion data. It is developed by us that the joint inversion methods using both Love and Rayleigh wave dispersion data. Thickness and S\|wave velocity of each sub layer are taken from Love wave dispersion data, then P\|wave velocity structure was deduced using Rayleigh wave dispersion data. Densities of sub layers were estimated by the empirical relationships between seismic velocity and rock density. Having S\| and P\|wave velocities, v p/ v s ratio is calculated for each sub layer. Six sub layers in crust of Tibetan Plateau has been identified, which are 0～8km, 8～30km, 30～40km, 40～62km, 62～68km and 68～75km respectively. The S\|wave velocity structure of the Plateau is 3 13, 3 32, 3 15, 3 92, 3 45 and 3 87 km/s for each sub layer; and P\|wave velocities are 6 00, 6 10, 5 72, 6 35, 6 78 and 6 64km/s respectively v p/ v s ratios in sub layers are 1 92, 1 84, 1 82, 1 62, 1 96 and 1 72; and corresponding Poisson ratios are 0 31, 0 29, 0 28, 0 19, 0 32 and 0 24. Our result on Poisson ratios of Tibetan crust was supported by seismic waveform modelling by Rodgers and Schwartz (1998).
基金Project supported by the National Fundamental Research Program of China(No.2009CB320207)
文摘An In0.53Ga0.47As/AlAs resonant tunneling diode （RTD） with a high doping emitter is designed and fabricated using air bridge technology. The RTD exhibits a high peak-to-valley current ratio （PVCR） of more than 40 at room temperature, with a peak current density of 24 kA/cm2. The extraction of device parameters from DC and microwave measurements is presented together with an RTD equivalent circuit. The high PVCR RTD with small intrinsic capacitance is favorable for microwave/THz applications.
基金Supported by Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX3-SW-234-2)National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB411701)+1 种基金National High Technology Research and Development Pro-gram of China (Grant No. 2006AA09A101-0201) National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40804016, 40704013)
文摘A tomographic study of the Vp and Vp/Vs structures in the crust and upper mantle beneath the Taiwan region of China is conducted by simultaneous inversion of P and S arrival times. Compared with the previous tomographic results, the spherical finite difference technique is suitable for the strong heterogeneous velocity structure, and may improve the accuracy in the travel time and three-dimensional ray tracing calculations. The Vp and Vp/Vs structures derived from joint inversion and the relocated earthquakes can provide better constraints for analyzing the lateral heterogeneity and deep tectonic characters in the crust and upper mantle. Our tomographic results reveal significant relations between the seismic wavespeed structure and the tectonic characters. In the shallow depth, sedimentary basins and orogen show distinct wavespeed anomalies, with low Vp, high Vp/Vs in basins and high Vp, low Vp/Vs in orogen. As the suture zone of Eurasian Plate and Philippine Sea Plate, Longitudinal Valley is characterized by a significant high Vp/Vs anomaly extending to the middle-lower crust and upper mantle, which reflects the impact of rock cracking, partial melting, and the presence of fluids. In the northeast Taiwan, the Vp, Vp/Vs anomalies and relocated earthquakes depict the subducting Philippine Sea Plate under the Eurasian Plate. The high Vp of oceanic plate and the low Vp, high Vp/Vs atop the subducted oceanic plate extend to 80 km depth. Along the east-west profiles, the thickness of crust reaches 60 km at the east of Central Range with eastward dipping trend, which reveals the eastward subduction of the thickened and deformed crust of the Eurasian continental plate.
