Effects of Groundwater with Various Salinities on Evaporation and Redistribution of Water and Salt in Saline-sodic Soils in Songnen Plain,Northeast China

Groundwater mineralization is one of the main factors affecting the transport of soil water and salt in saline-sodic areas.To investigate the effects of groundwater with different levels of salinity on evaporation and distributions of soil water and salt in Songnen Plain,Northeast China,five levels of groundwater sodium adsorption ration of water(SARw)and total salt content(TSC mmol/L)were conducted in an oil column lysimeters.The five treated groundwater labeled as ST0:0,ST0:10,ST5:40,ST10:70 and ST20:100,were prepared with NaCl and CaCl2 in proportion,respectively.The results showed the groundwater evaporation(GWE)and soil evaporation(SE)increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of groundwater salinity.The values of GWE and SE in ST10:70 treatment were the highest,which were 2.09 and 1.84 times the values in the ST0:0 treatment with the lowest GWE and SE.There was a positive linear correlation between GWE and the Ca^(2+)content in groundwater,with R^(2)=0.998.The soil water content(SWC)of ST0:0 treatment was significantly(P<0.05)less than those of other treatments during the test.The SWC of the ST0:0 and ST0:10 treatments increased with the increase of soil depth,while the other treatments showed the opposite trend.Statistical analysis indicated the SWC in the 0–60 cm soil layer was positively correlated with the groundwater TSC and its ion contents during the test.Salt accumulation occurred in the topsoil and the salt accumulation in the 0–20 cm soil layer was significantly(P<0.05)greater than that in the subsoil.This study revealed the effects of the salinity level of groundwater,especially the Ca^(2+)content and TSC of groundwater,on the GWE and distributions of soil water and salt,which provided important support for the prevention and reclamation of soil salinization and sodificaton in shallow groundwater regions.

A brief introduction to recent applications of several sediment-analysis techniques in palaeolimnological studies-dry bulk density and water content, mineral magnetism, carbonate content, and content of total organic carbon,nitrogen content and carbon/ni

Determination of dry bulk density and water content measurement of magnetic susceptibility (x) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM), determination of carbonate content, and determination of total organic carbon (TOC) content nitrogen content (N%) and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio are some of the techniques which have been widely applied to lacustrine-sediment analyses. The techniques,complemented by others, are usually useful for revealing characteristics of lacustrine-sediments and thus for postulating hydrological regimes in the lake and environmental conditions and human activity around it in palaeolimnological studies. A very brief review is presented on recent applications of these techniques in palaeolimnological work with English literatures published mainly since 1985 and focus given on interpretations of results of these analyses related to palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Low dry bulk density and high water content often imply relatively warm and wet conditions. High X and SIRM are usually resulted from reduced dilutions in the lake and intensified erosions on its catchment. both of which can be in turn attributed to environmental changes. While variations in patterns of X and SIRM may give further insight on mineral magnetism and thus implications on environmental conditions. Increased carbonate content seems likely to associate to warm and dry conditions.Increased TOC content is virtually used as one of indicators of warm and wet conditions and variations in C/N ratio may hint variations in relative contributions of different sources, aquatic and terrestrial, to the total organic matter in lake sediments and hence to lake-level fluctuations and climate changes.

Simulation on the Release of TP from Wensi Lake Sediment into Water

[Objective]The study aimed to analyze the release of total phosphorous from Wensi Lake sediment into water.[Method]Though simulation experiments in a laboratory,we studied the effects of various environmental factors like water-soil ratio,water temperature,pH,disturbance and dissolved oxygen（DO） on TP release from Wensi Lake sediment.[Result]The higher the water-soil ratio,the less TP released from the sediment;temperature increase sped up TP release from the sediment;when pH of overlying water was 6,the amount of released TP was the lowest;disturbing the overlying water accelerate TP release from the sediment;the lower the DO content,the larger the released TP.[Conclusion]The research could provide scientific references for controlling the pollution of Wensi Lake.

Three-Dimension Mathematical Model of Total Phosphor in the Reservoir and Application

Taking the transport of total phosphor pollutants in the Beijing Miyun reservoir for example,we have obtained three dimensional distributing regularity of total phosphor pollutants by the calculation of the linear interpolation value of each point between horizontal layers. The credibility analysis in allusion to this method was carried out and the programming scheme for realizing this method was set forth.

滨海黏质盐渍土饱和泥浆与不同土水比土壤浸提液电导率的响应关系分析

为统一和精准判定耐盐作物种植地块的土壤盐渍化程度,并针对饱和泥浆制备时饱和点的不确定性及其电导率测定的不稳定性等问题,本试验采用室内化验与统计分析方法,系统研究饱和泥浆与饱和土壤溶液两者间含水量和电导率的响应关系,以及饱和泥浆电导率、全盐含量与土水比1∶0.5、1∶1、1∶2.5、1∶3.5、1∶5土壤浸提液电导率与全盐含量的响应和换算关系。结果表明:在滨海黏质盐渍土区,利用计算田间土壤孔隙度得到的饱和土壤溶液含水量、电导率不能直接代替饱和泥浆含水量、电导率,尽管二者的响应关系达到极显著水平;饱和泥浆电导率、全盐含量分别与土水比1∶1和1∶0.5土壤浸提液的数值差异最小,且与土水比1∶0.5~1∶5间各处理土壤浸提液的相应指标均呈极显著的响应关系;饱和泥浆电导率与土水比1∶5土壤浸提液的电导率、饱和泥浆全盐含量与土水比1∶1土壤浸提液全盐含量相关性最高,可分别用最佳拟合线性模型进行换算,模型分别为ECe(mS/cm)=5.406EC1∶5-0.284 4,TSe(g/kg)=0.836 4TS1∶1-0.135 9。

基于净毛比反演模型的河道砂体厚度高精度预测及应用

渤海湾盆地新近系明化镇组浅水三角洲油气藏是渤海油田近年来主要的油气勘探开发对象。浅水三角洲沉积具有单砂体厚度薄、横向厚度变化快、纵向多期河道砂体频繁叠置的特征,储层厚度精细预测难度大,严重制约了油田调整挖潜。针对以上问题,以渤中B油田为例,依据储层地质学理论,利用钻井、录井、测井及地震等资料,创新提出一种基于净毛比地质模型的砂体净厚度反演计算方法。结果表明,研究区明化镇组下段主力砂体地震包络厚度与储层厚度相当,能够较真实地反映地下实际储层厚度。随着储层厚度变大,地震振幅由弱变强再变弱,且在储层厚度一定条件下,净毛比是影响地震振幅的主要因素。采用基于净毛比反演模型的河道砂体厚度预测方法,可有效实现砂体净厚度精细预测,准确率高达83%。该研究成果有效指导了油田开发中后期内部调整挖潜。

Experimental Study on Conversion Efficiency of A Floating OWC Pentagonal Backward Bent Duct Buoy Wave Energy Converter

Wave tank tests were carried out to evaluate the total efficiency of a floating OWC Pentagonal Backward Bent Duct Buoy (PBBDB). Two kinds of turbine generators were used in tests. The incident wave power, pneumatic power and electricity were measured. The test results show that the primary efficiency can reach up to 185.98% in regular waves and 85.86% in irregular waves. The total efficiency from wave to wire with Wells turbine-generator set is 33.43% in regular waves and 15.82% in irregular waves. The peak total efficiency of the PBBDB with check valves equipped with the impulse turbine-generator set is 41.68% in regular waves and 27.10% in irregular waves. The efficiency of the turbine-generator set is about 30% in the tests. Obviously, the total efficiency can be further improved with the increasing of turbine efficiency.

Assessment of strength development in cement-admixed artificial organic soil with GX07

To explore the stabilization effect of stabilizing agent GX07 on treating organic soil and the influence of organic matter on the strength development of stabilized soil,artificial organic soil with various organic matter content was obtained by adding different amounts of fulvic acid into non-organic clay,and then liquid-plastic limit tests were carried out on the artificial organic soil.Meanwhile,unconfined compressive strength(UCS) tests were performed on cement-only soil and composite stabilized soil,respectively.The test results indicate that the plastic limit of soil samples increases linearly,and the liquid limit increases exponentially as the organic matter content increases.The strength of stabilized soil is well correlated with the organic matter content,cement content,stabilizing agent content and curing time.When the organic matter content is 6%,as the cement content varies in the range of 10%-20%,the strength of cement-only soil increases from 88.5 to 280.8 kPa.Once 12.6% GX07 is added into the mix,the strength of stabilized soil is 4.93 times compared with that of cement-only soil.GX07 can obviously improve the strength of cemented-soil and has a good economic applicability.A strength model is proposed to predict strength development.

福建东山湾八尺门海域水体与沉积物中的氮磷分布及评价

研究2013年10月东山湾八尺门海域水体及沉积物中氮磷等含量并基于多种方法进行评价.结果表明,该海域水体中无机氮和磷酸盐均超过四类海水水质标准,水体的氮磷比在10~14,富营养化指数、潜在富营养化评价法提示营养化程度较高.沉积物TP、TN、TOC从八尺门海堤往东山湾方向逐渐降低,且三者具有同源性.沉积物C/N、C/P值、N/P值提示该海域有机质主要来源于水体中的浮游动物、浮游植物及藻类,P主要为外源输入.综合污染指数平均值为1.63、有机指数平均值为0.120,沉积物呈轻度至中度污染,有机污染处于“尚清洁”等级.对比同海域不同年份,水体及沉积物中的氮、磷含量从1982年到2013年总体升高,有机碳则有所下降.对比同期福建其他海域,水体无机氮、磷酸盐及沉积物总氮、总磷、有机碳含量均处于较高水平.

超重/肥胖人群湿证与人体成分的相关性研究

【目的】探讨超重/肥胖人群湿证与人体成分的相关性。【方法】回顾性收集2020年9月~11月参加广东省中医院针灸科肥胖专病联盟“八周强化减重方案”的超重/肥胖者数据,采用双变量相关分析、偏相关分析和多元线性回归分析探索该人群湿证量表评分与人体成分指标的相关性,并初步分析患者减重前后湿证量表评分变化与人体成分变化的关系。【结果】共纳入129例患者(其中50例有减重后数据),相关性分析结果提示湿证量表评分与体质量指数(BMI)、脂肪重、内脏脂肪指数呈正相关(R=0.37,P=0.00;R=0.36,P<0.01;R=0.26,P<0.01),且与基础代谢率呈正相关(R=0.34,P<0.01);调整体质量、年龄、性别的影响后,湿证量表评分与人体成分的偏相关结果显示与体脂率、脂肪重相关度较调整前提高(R=0.45,P<0.01;R=0.44,P<0.01),与水分率负相关度也较调整前提高(R=-0.43,P<0.01);多重线性回归分析发现,湿证量表得分变异的25.80%可由脂肪重的变化来解释,拟合的回归方程具有统计学意义(F=18.06,P<0.000)。50例患者的湿证量表评分与人体成分的8周强化减重前后变化差值均未见相关性(P>0.05)。【结论】超重/肥胖人群的湿证程度与脂肪组织(体脂率、脂肪重)呈正相关,与水分率呈负相关,脂肪重是影响湿证的重要因素;进一步研究建议纳入其他可能与湿证相关的病理指标,使湿证的病理机制得到更全面的揭示。

非透析慢性肾脏病患者相位角的影响因素及临床结局预测

目的 探讨非透析慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)患者相位角(phase angle,PhA)的影响因素及临床结局预测能力。方法 收集2019年1-11月于华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院肾病内科住院的60例非透析CKD患者,进行血尿生化检验、营养风险筛查与评估、SF-36生活质量调查、人体测量、握力测试及人体成分检测。根据相位角将患者分为A组(PhA>4.5°)及B组(PhA≤4.5°),各30例。分析相位角与营养、炎症、疾病、水分等相关指标的相关性,逐步多元线性回归分析找到相位角的主要影响因素。随访3~4年,比较两组患者生存情况。结果 A组的血总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PAB)、生活质量评分、握力均明显高于B组(P<0.05)。A组的超敏C反应蛋白(CRP)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、24 h尿蛋白总量(UTP)、24 h尿白蛋白总量(UMA)、尿白蛋白肌酐比值(ACR)、改良SGA评分、细胞外水分比率(ECW/TBW)均明显低于B组(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,TP、ALB、PAB与PhA成正相关(P<0.05)。CRP、TC、LDL、UMA、改良SGA评分、ECW/TBW与PhA成负相关(P<0.05)。逐步多元线性回归分析显示,ECW/TBW是PhA的独立影响因素。随访发现B组的死亡率(20.00%,6/30)高于A组(6.67%,2/30),Cox回归生存分析结果显示,年龄和PhA是影响非透析CKD患者生存率的主要因素,年龄越大,死亡风险越大,相位角每减少1°,死亡风险增加至2.605倍。结论 在非透析CKD患者中,ECW/TBW是PhA的独立影响因素,两者呈负相关;相位角能有效预测非透析CKD患者的生存率,PhA越小,死亡风险越大。

湿热地区城市静态水体能量分配特征研究--以广州荔湾湖为例

城市水体作为一种基于自然的解决方案,被视为调节城市气候、改善城市热环境的重要工具。研究水体的能量分配特征是认识和把握水体对城市热环境影响的关键。然而,由于缺乏系统的量化方法和充分的数据支撑,水体的能量分配,即水体与周边环境能量交换的物理过程,尚未完全明晰。基于能量平衡理论,以广州荔湾湖为例,通过冬、夏两季的连续系统观测,得到湿热地区城市湖泊各能量分项的分配特征。结果表明:一、辐射通量在湖泊的能量平衡中具有双重作用,在白天短波辐射是主要能量输入源,在夜间长波辐射冷却是重要的散热形式;二、各能量分项受天气条件的影响不同,晴朗少云的“理想”天中净辐射通量Q*和潜热通量QE显著大于雨天和阴天多云等其他天气条件,而显热通量QH在这三种天气条件下的差异较小;三、季节对湖泊能量分配有显著影响,在高温高湿的夏季,蓄热通量Qs的平均日累计占比最大,即大部分净辐射分配给了蓄热;在凉爽干燥的冬季,QE占比最大,即大部分能量输入转化为了潜热。可为考察城市静态水体能量分配特征提供研究方法参考,并为认识和把握水体的气候调节效应提供湿热地区的数据支撑,进而推进基于蓝色基础设施的气候适应型城市建设。

秸秆炭覆盖垄沟集雨种植对土壤结构和紫花苜蓿产量的影响

【目的】探寻我国半干旱黄土高原区紫花苜蓿可持续生产的适宜有机覆盖垄沟集雨种植模式。【方法】采用随机区组设计布置大田试验,以平作(FP)为对照,研究秸秆炭覆盖垄沟集雨连续种植第5年不同秸秆炭覆盖量(0、30和60 t/hm^(2))和不同垄沟比(垄宽∶沟宽分别为30∶60、45∶60和60∶60(cm∶cm))对种植沟和集雨垄表层土壤结构和紫花苜蓿产量的影响。【结果】秸秆炭覆盖垄沟集雨种植显著降低沟和垄中表层土壤容重,显著提高同土层土壤孔隙度和改善土壤团聚体稳定性。随垄沟比增加,秸秆炭覆盖垄沟集雨种植对土壤结构影响不显著;随秸秆炭覆盖量增加,土壤容重和广义土壤结构系数(TSPI)呈减小趋势,土壤孔隙度呈增加趋势,>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量(WR0.25)和紫花苜蓿产量呈先增加后降低趋势。与FP相比,秸秆炭覆盖垄沟集雨种植紫花苜蓿全生育期实际干草产量提高3.6%~24.0%。与0和60 t/hm^(2)秸秆炭覆盖量相比,30 t/hm^(2)秸秆炭覆盖垄沟集雨种植具有较低土壤容重、较高土壤孔隙度和较好土壤团聚体稳定性,其土壤三相结构分布接近理想状态,促使紫花苜蓿产量提升。【结论】当秸秆炭覆盖量为30 t/hm^(2)和垄沟比为30∶60时,秸秆炭覆盖垄沟集雨种植紫花苜蓿产量提升效果最佳。未来生物炭应用长期时间尺度内土壤结构变化规律与紫花苜蓿根系构型间关系需进一步研究。

铁碳微电解串联改性沸石处理黑臭水体总氮研究

为了有效降低黑臭水体总氮,针对高硝氮、低氨氮的黑臭水体采用了铁碳微电解串联改性沸石工艺,通过静态和动态串联实验确定了最佳参数并进行了中试实验。改性沸石的静态吸附实验结果表明,在pH为6、改性沸石投加量为60 g/L、最佳吸附时间为50 min的条件下,NH_(3)-N去除效果最好(去除率为87.1%),比天然沸石在最佳条件下(pH为6、投加量为100 g/L、吸附时间60 min)NH3-N去除率75.2%,提高了11.9%。铁碳微电解串联改性沸石小试试验中,TN、COD、NH_(3)-N和TP的平均去除率分别为85.1%、83.6%、91.4%和82.7%。中试实验中,在装置连续运行97天内,TN、COD、NH_(3)-N和TP的平均去除率分别为84.3%、77.04%、82.41%和76.89%。证明铁碳微电解串联改性沸石工艺应用前景良好,为城市黑臭水体总氮治理提供新思路。

考虑空间变异性的隧道砂层注浆加固体稳定性分析

为研究水泥浆液析水效应导致的砂层注浆加固体空间变异性问题,开展注浆加固体空间变异性试验研究,提出砂层注浆加固体性能衰减率的概念及衰减率的空间分布简化公式。在此基础上,进行隧道穿越砂层注浆加固体有限元数值模拟,以隧道拱顶沉降与隧道涌水量作为评价隧道稳定性的指标,研究考虑砂层注浆加固体空间变异性的必要性和加固圈厚度、水泥浆液水灰比(W/C)对隧道稳定性的影响。研究结果表明:1)水灰比对渗透注浆加固效果的空间分布有明显影响,W/C≥1.2时,砂层渗透注浆加固体性能存在显著的空间非均匀性,注浆加固体底部区域的抗压强度及变形模量明显高于上部区域,注浆加固体性能与位置高度呈负相关关系;W/C≤1.0时,析水效应对注浆加固体性能的影响可忽略。2)当W/C≥1.2时,数值计算模型中考虑砂层注浆加固体空间变异性所得的拱顶沉降量、隧道涌水量明显大于不考虑时所得的拱顶沉降量、隧道涌水量,因此考虑砂层注浆加固体空间变异性非常必要。3)隧道拱顶沉降量、延米涌水量随注浆加固圈厚度的变化呈非线性特征,加固圈厚度过大时,上述2个指标随注浆加固圈厚度增加而减小的速率明显降低,不利于隧道注浆经济性。4)浆液水灰比的增加不利于隧道拱顶沉降量与隧道涌水量的控制,工程在可渗透的前提下,砂层注浆应该尽量选用低水灰比的水泥浆液。

胸导管探查术后综合消肿治疗对双下肢淋巴水肿患者的短期效果

目的评估胸导管探查术后运用综合消肿治疗对双下肢淋巴水肿患者的治疗效果。方法回顾2018年10月至2022年9月就诊的25例双下肢淋巴水肿患者的临床资料。将胸导管探查术后行综合消肿治疗的患肢作为干预组,未行综合消肿治疗的对侧肢体作为对照组。治疗前和治疗后第7天,测量肢体周径和进行人体成分分析。结果患肢行综合消肿治疗7 d后,患肢的小腿中下1/3、小腿中上1/3、大腿中下1/3、大腿中上1/3测量点周径均明显减小(P<0.05);干预组小腿中下1/3和小腿中上1/3周径的变化率明显大于对照组(P<0.05);与治疗前相比,对照组治疗后节段细胞外水分含量变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而干预组治疗后节段细胞外水分含量明显降低(P<0.05)。结论胸导管探查术后运用综合消肿治疗对双下肢淋巴水肿患者有良好的治疗效果。

生物电阻抗分析法与同位素稀释法测量全身总水分的对比研究

目的探讨生物电阻抗分析法(bioelectrical impedance analysis,BIA)为基本原理设计的DBA-550人体成分分析仪测量全身总水分(total body water,TBW)的有效性及准确性。方法选取2018年6-7月北京地区在校大学生30例,分别采用同位素稀释法和BIA法测量TBW,并计算去脂体质量(fat free mass,FFM),比较两种方法测量结果的准确性。结果30例受试者中,男15例、女15例,年龄18~25岁,平均(23.8±1.7)岁。BIA测定的TBW及FFM高于同位数18O法的测定结果[(34.49±6.47)kg比(32.33±6.14)kg,(47.12±8.85)kg比(44.17±8.39)kg],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两种方法测定TBW及FFM的Pearson相关系数均为0.873(P<0.05);Bland-Altman一致性分析结果显示,BIA和同位素^(18)O法的TBW和FFM的差值变化范围分别为(2.2±6.2)kg和(-2.9±8.5)kg,具有较好的一致性。结论以BIA为基本原理的DBA-550人体成分分析仪测定TBW与“金标准”同位素稀释法具有等效性,适用于快速评价人体的TBW和FFM等指标。

滇池外海透明度变化及其影响因子

根据2019年滇池外海水体透明度及其它理化因子的季节监测结果,分析了水体透明度变化特征,对影响水体透明度的若干参数开展了相关性分析和多元逐步回归分析。结果表明,2019年滇池水体透明度变化范围为20.00~53.00 cm,平均值为37.27 cm,旱季(冬季和春季)水体透明度显著高于雨季。全年影响外海水体透明度的最主要因子是总磷和悬浮物,旱季影响外海水体透明度的主要因子是总磷,雨季则是总氮。

针对低污染水体的多级生态塘工艺的应用效果分析

为了解决低污染水体的治理问题,本文以山东省烟台市某水系生态环境治理工程为研究对象,通过现场采样分析方法,研究了水体中污染物及各形态磷的特征及空间分布,并运用多级生态塘工艺进行了水体恢复治理。结果表明,各污染物的空间分布表现为显著的空间变异性,在组成特征上,总磷(TP)的质量浓度在全水系的分布最多;各形态磷的空间分布也表现出明显的空间变异性,在组成特征上,铁磷(Fe-P)的质量浓度最大,有机物磷(OP)的质量浓度最小;用多级生态塘处理工艺,可以大幅度地降低水体中的化学需氧量(COD)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)、铵态氮(NH4+-N)和总磷(TP),去除率达到80%以上。

炼油污水反渗透浓水处理系统工艺优化探讨

某石化公司采用“超滤+反渗透”工艺对污水进行深度回用,在反渗透浓水实际处理中,因烟气脱硫废水的引入使得来水水质及水量发生变化,影响浓水处理系统的化学需氧量、总氮的达标排放,尤其是总氮达标率仅为68%,反渗透浓水达标排放率的降低成为制约污水回用率提高的瓶颈。在生产过程中,通过对浓水处理系统臭氧投加、反硝化滤池运行及生物滤池运行等进行工艺调整和优化,实现了浓水达标排放,污水回用率由72%提高至80%以上,达到了节水减排的目标。