DA到Lewis大鼠肝脏移植急性排斥模型的建立

目的：建立大鼠原位肝脏移植的急性排斥模型并观察其排斥反应的特点．方法：采用近交系雄性DA大鼠为供体，Lewis大鼠为受体，改良“二袖套”法建立肝脏移植模型30例．随机分为两组，对照组（n=15）术后不用免疫抑制剂，FK506处理组（n=15）术后1-7d用FK506 0．2mg／（kg·d）灌胃．术后4，7和10d分别随机处死3只，检测血清肝功能生化指标[天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、总胆红素（BILI）]以及肝脏病理组织学变化，每组各留6只观察生存期．结果：术后7和10d时对照组血清AST，BILI浓度均高于FK506处理组[AST：7d，（17．74±3．6）μkat/L vs（7．94±1．6）μkat/L，P〈0．05；10d，（21．94±4．3）μkat/L vs（4．74±0．7）μkat/L，P〈0．05．BILI：7d，（90．94±18．8）μmol／L vs（6．84±0．7）μmol／L，P〈0．05；10d，（111．54±23．3）μmol／L vs（15．54±3．2）μmol／L，P〈0．05]．术后7d，对照组移植物出现明显的排斥反应的病理学变化，10d时更为严重．FK506组术后7和10d病理学检查为不明确或轻度的排斥表现．对照组中位生存时间为12d，95％可信区间为（11．77-13．90）d（n=6，12d×4，14d×1，15d×1）．FK506处理组中位生存时间为78d，95％可信区间为（65．26-90．74）d（n=6，〉65 d×1，〉67d×1，76 d，78d，89d和90d），生存时间明显较对照组延长（P〈0．05）．结论：DA到Lewis大鼠品系组合可以建立稳定可靠的肝脏移植急性排斥模型；该模型的排斥反应的特点与临床相似，且可以为抗排斥药物FK506预防而达到长期存活．

PVG大鼠生化标记基因的测定

目的 对PVG大鼠进行生化标记基因的测定。方法 依据国家标准GB/T 14927.1—2008《实验动物近交系小鼠、大鼠生化标记检测法》测定,随机抽取4只PVG大鼠,取(肺、肾、小肠、睾丸)组织器官进行样品制备,用醋酸纤维薄膜电泳法检测11个生化位点(Hbb、Cs1、Alp1、Akp1、Esl、Es3、Es4、Es6、Es8、Es9和Esl0)。结果 PVG大鼠11个位点的基因型分别是Hbb为b型,Cs1为b型,Alp1为b型,Akp1为a型,Esl为a型,Es3为d型,Es4为b型,Es6为b型,Es8为b型,Es9为a型和Esl0为a型,且均为纯合。结论 PVG大鼠遗传生化标记结果符合近交系特征。

Effects of electroacupuncture at Taichong(LR 3) and Baihui(DU 20)on cardiac hypertrophy in rats with spontaneous hypertension

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture(EA) at Taichong(LR 3) and Baihui(DU 20)on myocardial hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs).METHODS: Thirty-six SHRs were randomly assigned to model, EA, and Losartan groups, with twelve rats per group. Twelve Wistar Kyoto rats were selected as the normal control group. Systolic blood pressure(SBP) and cardiac function were measured in all rats.Expression levels of factors associated with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin(PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway were evaluated by Western blotting and real-time PCR.Pathological changes of the heart tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.RESULTS: After treatment, enhanced SBP was significantly decreased in the EA and Losartan groups compared with the model group(P < 0.01). Echocardiographic and morphological analyses revealed that enhanced end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness and left ventricular posterior wall thickness, as well as ratio of left ventricular weight to body weight were markedly diminished in the EA and Losartan groups(P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), while reduced left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and left ventricular ejection fraction were significantly ameliorated(P < 0.01). Real-time PCR and western blotting analyses showed that the expression levels of PI3K,Akt, and mT OR in SHRs were significantly up-regulated by EA and Losartan(P < 0.01), while the expression levels of PTEN and ANP were down-regulated(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: EA at Taichong(LR 3) and Baihui(DU20) inhibited the development of cardiac hypertrophy and improved the cardiac function in SHRs, possibly through regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway.

Lewis大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分离培养和鉴定

目的建立从Lewis大鼠骨髓中分离、培养间充质干细胞的方法,并对分离、培养的间充质干细胞进行鉴定.方法采用Percoll(1.073g/L)密度梯度分离和贴壁培养相结合的方法分离培养Lewis大鼠的骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC).MSC细胞鉴定:采用相差显微镜观察MSC的形态学特征;流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标志抗原CD29,CD90,CD34和CD45的表达率;苏丹Ⅳ染色检测MSC成脂细胞分化;碱性磷酸酶染色和茜素红染色检测MSC成骨分化.结果原代培养的MSC于24 h后贴壁,48～72 h形成集落,12～15 d可达到80%～90%融合.第1代细胞表面标记物CD29,CD90,CD34和CD45的阳性率分别为80.41%,66.27%,2.73%,0.74%.第3代细胞表面标记物CD29,CD90,CD34和CD45的阳性率分别为89.91%,88.17%,0.81%,0.17%.细胞周期分析显示,第5代细胞G0/G1期细胞占68.9%,S+G2+M期为31.1%.用α-MEM培养液培养的第6代细胞部分分化为成骨和成脂细胞.结论采用Percoll(1.073g/L)密度梯度分离和贴壁培养相结合的方法能够成功分离和培养大鼠的MSC.第5代MSC细胞保持分化潜能.

纯系LEW大鼠及裸小鼠膀胱灌注给药方式的探讨

目的探讨纯系LEW大鼠及裸小鼠膀胱灌注给药方法。方法显微镜下解剖雌性LEW大鼠及裸小鼠尿道并根据解剖特征改造套管针。通过插入尿道的套管针膀胱灌注墨水,同时观察插管及膀胱充盈和染色情况。持续观察小鼠和大鼠生存状况及尿道损伤情况。结果显微镜下可见雌性LEW大鼠及裸小鼠尿道与人存在明显差异。经尿道插管成功率高(100%),动物生活状况没有明显受到插管灌注影响。结论裸鼠膀胱灌注给药治疗是一种成功率高而可行的给药手段,动物膀胱灌注化疗模型可能为研究膀胱肿瘤治疗提供更为有效的工具。

Effect of Taichong(LR 3) acupuncture in spontaneously hypertensive rats

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Taichong(LR3) acupuncture points(acupoints) on the expression of glucose transporter protein 1(GLUT1) in the hypothalamus of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs) as measured by combined positron emission tomography and computed tomography(PETCT).METHODS: Spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR)were divided into model, Taichong(LR 3) acupuncture, and sham groups. Additionally, Tokyo Wistar rats were used as the control group. Changes in blood pressure were recorded in different groups of rats before and after the corresponding treatment. Hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining was used to study basic morphological changes, and immunohistochemistry was used to determine GLUT1 expression in the hypothalamus. Further,PET-CT was utilized to elucidate the antihypertensive mechanism after acupuncture at the Taichong(LR 3) acupoints.RESULTS: PET-CT indicated activation of the hypothalamus. Measurement of blood pressure showed that acupuncture at the Taichong(LR 3) acupoints lowered blood pressure. HE staining did not show any significant pathological changes, although differences in cell number were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated a GLUT1 downregulation in the SHRs of the Taichong(LR 3) acupuncture group after the treatment.CONCLUSION: Acupuncture at Taichong(LR 3) acupoints lowered blood pressure in SHRs, with possible mechanisms being changes in cell number and GLUT1 expression in the hypothalamus.

近交系LEWIS→BN大鼠原位肝移植急性排斥模型的建立

目的建立近交系LEWIS→BN大鼠原位肝移植急性排斥模型,分析手术成功率的影响因素及该模型的稳定性,并总结该模型区别于常规使用的SD、Wistar等封闭群大鼠间原位肝移植的特点。方法实验组选择近交系雄性LEWIS及BN大鼠各30只分别作为供、受体,对照组选择雄性BN大鼠各9只作为供、受体。采用Kamada"二袖套"法实施原位肝移植术,不吻合肝动脉;于术后3,5,7,9,11,13,15d处死受体获取肝脏组织,用中性甲醛固定后制作石蜡切片进行HE染色以判定急性排斥的程度。结果原位肝移植术成功率约为74%,导致手术失败的原因依次为:肝上下腔静脉出血,门静脉出血,麻醉意外和其他;LEWIS→BN组出现不同程度的排斥现象,而BN→BN组则无排斥现象。与封闭群大鼠肝移植比较,该模型具有自身特点,即在排斥出现的时间、程度和结果转归上表现并非完全一致,然而所有受体均出现了排斥现象。结论大鼠肝移植是目前研究肝移植理想模型,本研究采用Kamada的"二袖套"法成功建立了大鼠肝移植急性排斥模型。

DA→LEW大鼠肝脏急性排斥反应模型的技术改进与评价

目的:建立大鼠肝脏移植急性排斥反应模型并改进其手术技巧,对所建模型进行评价。方法:采用近交系雄性DA大鼠60只,Lewis大鼠120只,分为两组,其中A组30例:Lewis大鼠为供体(n=30),Lewis大鼠为受体;B组60例:DA大鼠为供体(n=60),Lewis大鼠为受体。采用改良“二袖套”法建立肝脏移植模型,观察手术成功率、平均存活时间、术后第1、3、5、7和10 d各时相点血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)水平以及移植肝脏的病理学变化。结果:手术成功率为93.3%(84/90);总耗时(90.0±15.0)min;无肝期时间(14.2±2.6)min;平均存活时间A组超过100d,B组(16.2±1.4)d;术后第5 d B组血清ALT和TBIL升高,与A组比较差异非常显著(P<0.01);B组移植肝脏病理检查有明显的排斥反应,而A组没有。结论:DA→LEW(Lewis)大鼠的品系组合是稳定的肝脏移植急性排斥反应模型;通过改进手术技巧提高了手术成功率,为进一步研究提供技术保障。

Upregulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas receptor axis by a combination of Yinyanghuo(Herba Epimedii Brevicornus) and Cheqianzi(Semen Plantaginis) improves erectile function in spontaneously hypertensive rats

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of a combination of Yinyanghuo(Herba Epimedii Brevicornus)(HEB)and Cheqianzi(Semen Plantaginis)(SP)on erectile dysfunction caused by essential hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs),and to elucidate the role of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas receptor(ACE2/Ang[1-7]/Mas receptor)axis in this process.METHODS:A total of 24 SHRs were randomly assigned to three groups:SHR-control,low-dose(12.5 g/kg)and high-dose(25 g/kg)HEB+SP(HEBSP).Eight Wistar-Kyoto rats were used as normal controls.HEBSP was administered by oral gavage for 28 d.Erectile function was measured once a week using the Heaton test.After 4 weeks of treatment,the corpus cavernosum was harvested from each rat to measure nitric oxide(NO),nitric oxide synthase(e NOS)and Ang(1-7)levels,as well as ACE2,Mas receptor and neuronal nitric oxide synthase(n NOS)protein expression.RESULTS:After 4 weeks of treatment,HEBSP significantly increased erectile function in the treated group compared with SHR-control group(P<0.01).Additionally,HEBSP treatment significantly increased cavernosal levels of Ang(1-7),e NOS and NO.Moreover,HEBSP significantly elevated the expression levels of ACE2,Mas receptor and n NOS.These beneficial effects were elevated in the high-dose HEBSP group.CONCLUSION:HEBSP improved erectile function in SHRs by upregulating the ACE2/Ang(1-7)/Mas receptor axis,e NOS and n NOS pathways.

Proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells and renin-angiotensin system in SHR rats

目的：探讨ＳＨＲ大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞（ＡＳＭＣ）异常增殖和肾素血管紧张素系统（ＲＡＳ）的关系．方法：测定血管紧张素Ｉ（Ａｎｇ）、卡托普利（Ｃａｐ）、沙拉新（Ｓａｒ）对培养的ＳＨＲ、ＷＫＹＡＳＭＣ增殖和Ａｎｇ、血管紧张素转化酶（ＡＣＥ）的影响．结果：Ａｎｇ在２％血清培养基中可刺激ＳＨＲＡＳＭＣ增生．ＳＨＲＡＳＭＣ分裂增殖能力比ＷＫＹ强，ＳＨＲＡＳＭＣＲＡＳ处于高功能状态．Ｃａｐ长期（４周）干预显著抑制ＳＨＲＡＳＭＣ异常增殖和Ａｎｇ、ＡＣＥ活性，Ｓａｒ长期干预同样抑制ＳＨＲＡＳＭＣ的增殖和ＡＣＥ活性，但Ａｎｇ水平反而升高．Ｃａｐ短期（２４小时）干预不影响两种大鼠ＡＳＭＣＲＡＳ．结论：Ｃａｐ和Ｓａｒ长期干预通过减少ＳＨＲＡＳＭＣＡｎｇ生成或阻断Ａｎｇ和特异受体结合，抑制其异常增殖．

Lewis型至Brown Norway型大鼠肝移植急性排斥反应模型的建立

目的:建立Lewis(LEN)型到Brown Norway(BN)型大鼠肝移植急性排斥反应模型并观察其排斥反应特点。方法:采用近交系雄性LEW大鼠为供体,BN大鼠为受体,改良"二袖套"法建立模型36例,术后第3、7和10天分别随机解剖8只受体大鼠,检测血清肝功能生化指标,观察肝脏病理组织学变化,剩余受体大鼠观察生存时间。结果:受体大鼠术后第3、7和10天的血清总胆红素分别为(8.75±1.98)μmol/L、(21.12±2.03)μmol/L和(53.63±4.24)μmol/L,丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)分别为(291.88±6.83)U/L、(462.33±16.98)U/L和(906.25±68.55)U/L,两者术后均逐渐升高;受体大鼠术后第3天光镜下汇管区见混合性炎细胞浸润和静脉内皮炎,伴部分肝实质变性,排斥活动指数(RAI)为4～5;术后第7天排斥反应加重,并出现小胆管增生,RAI为5～7;术后第10天排斥反应最严重,出现明显汇管区结构破坏,肝小叶消失,大量淋巴细胞和单核细胞浸润,静脉内皮炎明显,肝实质桥接坏死,RAI为7～9分;受体大鼠的临床表现及生存情况与病理变化一致。结论:LEW到BN大鼠组合有助于建立稳定可靠的肝移植急性排斥模型,且该模型的排斥反应特点与临床相似。

对DA-Lewis大鼠肝移植模型建立的探讨

目的探讨近交系大鼠肝移植的手术技巧，建立稳定的急性排斥模型。方法DA大鼠作为供体，雄性Lewis大鼠作为受体，采用改良后的Kamada“二袖套管法”，建立大鼠原位肝移植模型。观察术后存活情况，并对其生存时间进行统计分析。结果60只大鼠肝移植手术中，供体手术时间（30±8）rain，修肝时间（15±2）min，受体手术时间（60±7）min，无肝期时间（21±3）min，手术成功率88．3％。术后4～5d大鼠开始出现黄疸，精神差，睁眼困难，反应迟钝，并于术后11d内全部死亡。结论根据近交系大鼠自身结构特点，对大鼠原位肝移植模型建立方法进行了改进，取得了一定的成效。DA—Lewis为稳定、可靠的大鼠肝移植急性排斥模型，是研究肝移植排斥反应及免疫耐受的理想动物模型。

Tong-xin-luo capsule inhibits left ventricular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats by enhancing PPAR-γ expression and suppressing NF-κB activity

Background Tong-xin-luo capsule （TXL）, used as a traditional Chinese herb, offeres a therapeutic potential for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. It has been shown to exert a variety of pharmacological effects, including antihypertensive effects, and is able to improve ventricular remodeling. However, the mechanisms of its action are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of Tong-xin-luo capsule on left ventricular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats （SHR）. Methods Sixteen eight-week-old SHRs were randomized into an SHR group （n=8） and a TXL group （n=8） that were given Tong-xin-luo capsule （1.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）. Eight Wistar Kyoto （WKY） rats fed with 0.9% NaCl served as the control group （WKY group）. Systolic blood pressure （BP）, body weight and heart rate were monitored once every two weeks. Ventricular remodeling was detected by histopathological examination. Nuclear factor kappa B P65 （NF-κB P65） and peroxisome proliferators activated receptor y （PPAR-γ） protein and phosphorylated inhibitor kappa a （IκBα） protein were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot respectively. The physical interaction of the P65-P50 heterodimer with IκBα and NF-κB were measured by co-immunoprecipitation. PPAR-γ mRNA, collagen Ⅰ mRNA and collagen Ⅲ mHNA were measured by real-time PCR.Results TXL inhibited NF-κB P65 expression and ventricular remodeling and suppressed the activation of NF-κB compared with the SHR group （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）. TXL reduced IκBα phosphorylation, increased expression of PPAR-γ protein and enhanced the physical interaction of the P65-P50 heterodimer with IκBα. The mRNA expression of PPAR-γ was enhanced but the mRNA expression of collagen Ⅰ mRNA and collagen Ⅲ mRNA were suppressed by TXL. Conclusions In spontaneously hypertensive rats, TXL could inhibit ventricular remodeling induced by hypertension, and the inhibitory effect might be associated with the process of TXL increasing the expression of PPAR-γ that could result in the inhibition of the activation of NF-κB.

Inhibitory effect of antisense basic fibroblast growth factor oligonucleotides on proliferation of cultured aortic smooth muscle cells induced by angiotensin Ⅱ in SHR rats

目的：研究转染反义碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂＦＧＦ）寡核苷酸（ＯＤＮ）对培养的自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）主动脉平滑肌细胞（ＳＭＣ）生长的影响．方法：用脂质体介导法将反义ｂＦＧＦＯＤＮ转入ＳＭＣ内，用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交检测ｂＦＧＦ基因表达，并测定［３Ｈ］ｔｈｙｍｉｄｉｎｅ掺入和细胞计数．结果：转染反义ｂＦＧＦＯＤＮ（５μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）几乎完全抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ，１μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）诱导增高的ｂＦＧＦｍＲＮＡ表达和明显抑制ＳＭＣ增殖，在基础状态和ＡｎｇⅡ刺激条件下，［３Ｈ］ｔｈｙｍｉｄｉｎｅ掺入分别被抑制２６５％（Ｐ＜００１）和４２０％（Ｐ＜００１），细胞数分别被抑制１７３％（Ｐ＜００１）和２２２％（Ｐ＜００１）．结论：反义ｂＦＧＦＯＤＮ能有效抑制ＡｎｇⅡ诱导的ｂＦＧＦ基因表达和ＳＭＣ增殖．

Mechanism and effect of Shijueming (Concha Haliotidis) on serum calcium in spontaneously hypertensive rats

OBJECTIVE: To observe the impact of Shijueming (Concha Haliotidis) on spontaneously hypertensive rats via blood pressure, serum calcium, vascular smooth muscle membrane L-type calcium channel α1 C subunit (CaL-α1C), plasma membrane calcium-ATPase (PMCA) mRNA expression, and the L-type calcium channel in vascular smooth muscle cells. METHODS:Twelve-week-old male rats with spontaneous hypertension were divided into three groups: a Shijueming (Concha Haliotidis) group (group 1), a nifedipine group (group 2), and a distilled water group (group 3). All were given a four-week treatment. Blood pressure and dissociative serum calcium were examined before treatment. Blood pressure was taken every week during treatment. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to examine dissociative serum calcium. Re-verse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the expression of CaL-α1C and PM-CA1 mRNA. The patch clamp technique was used to examine the electrophysiological characteristics of the vascular smooth muscle cell calcium channels. RESULTS: After treatment, blood pressure of the Shijueming (Concha Haliotidis) group lowered but not significantly (P>0.05). Blood pressure of the nifedipine group lowered significantly (P<0.05). Blood pressure of the distilled water group remained high. The concentration of serum calcium in the Shijueming (Concha Haliotidis) and the distilled water groups lowered (P<0.05). Expression of CaL-α1C mRNA in the nifedipine group decreased compared with the distilled water group (P<0.01). There was the decreasing trend in the Shijueming (Concha Haliotidis) group, but it was not statistically significant. Shijueming (Concha Haliotidis) also had effects on the expression of PMCA1 mRNA but with- out statistical significance. However, there was a significant decreasing effect on vascular smooth muscle cell I Ca-L flow. CONCLUSION: This study indicated that Shijueming (Concha Haliotidis) could increase serum calcium and decrease blood pressure. It may work by influencing calcium channels, expression of PMCA1 mRNA, and regulating ion calcium channels and calcium-ATPase.

蓝光致棕色挪威大鼠慢性视网膜光损伤的实验研究

目的通过构建蓝光致棕色挪威(Brown Norway,BN)大鼠慢性视网膜光损伤的模型,探究大鼠光感受器细胞及视网膜色素上皮细胞(RPEc)损伤的特点及可能损伤机制。方法根据随机数字表法将大鼠分组为光照0 d(正常对照组)和光照1、3、7及14 d组,每组8只。正常对照组不进行光照;余各组每日暴露于光照强度为(1000±100)Lux的LED蓝光光源环境中3 h,连续1、3、7及14 d,观察大鼠的行为活动;视网膜电流图(ERG)记录最大混合反应的a、b波振幅和潜伏期;进行眼底照相;HE染色观察视网膜组织;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测大鼠视网膜组织的活性氧(ROS)含量。结果与正常对照组比较,光照3 d组对光声刺激的反应迟钝,光照7 d及14 d组精神较萎靡,行动稍迟缓,对光声刺激反应更为迟钝;光照3 d组偶见视网膜出血点,RPEc层基底部色素颗粒增多,外核层可见轻度细胞核固缩;光照7 d组视网膜上见散在点状出血点、黄白色点状颗粒物,视网膜静脉迂曲扩张;光照14 d组视网膜上见大量黄白色点状渗出,视网膜动脉呈铜丝样甚至银丝样外观,视网膜静脉迂曲扩张;光照7、14 d组视网膜光感受器内节/外节结构排列紊乱,外核层细胞核固缩,RPEc层基底部色素颗粒沉积。与正常对照组比较,光照3、7、14 d组大鼠视网膜变薄(P<0.05);光照3、7及14 d组ERG b波潜伏期逐渐延长、a波、b波振幅逐渐降低,视网膜组织ROS逐渐升高(P<0.05)。结论蓝光持续照射BN大鼠可产生氧化应激反应,导致慢性视网膜光损伤,且照射时间越长,视网膜光损伤越重。

腺病毒介导PD-L1基因局部转染供肾在缓解肾移植排异反应中的机制

目的探讨腺病毒介导程序性死亡受体配体1(PD-L1)基因局部转染供肾在缓解肾移植排异反应中的作用机制。方法选择24只健康Lewis雄性大鼠作为肾脏供体,另选24只Wistar雄性大鼠作为受体。所有无特定病原体(SPF)的大鼠3个月龄,体重(300±30)g。将受体大鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组、空白组和转染组。采用实时PCR和Western blot法检测PD-L1的表达。比较受体大鼠存活率与血清肌酐水平,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的水平。结果转染组大鼠平均存活时间长于空白组及对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),转染组大鼠平均体重高于空白组及对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),转染组大鼠的血肌酐水平低于空白组及对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);空白组和对照组的平均存活时间、体重及血肌酐比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。转染组大鼠PD-L1 mRNA和蛋白的表达高于对照组及空白组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组和空白组大鼠PD-L1中mRNA和蛋白表达比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。转染组大鼠细胞因子IL-10和IL-6高于对照组及空白组,IFN-γ和IL-2低于对照组及空白组(P<0.05);对照组和空白组大鼠细胞因子IL-10、IL-6、IFN-γ和IL-2比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腺病毒介导的PD-L1转染供肾通过调节免疫因子的表达,调节Th1/Th2细胞因子平衡,提高受体功能,抑制肾脏排异反应,延长移植肾存活时间。

基于多重PCR-LDR技术建立近交系大鼠单核苷酸多态性遗传检测方案

目的建立一套基于多重PCR-连接酶检测反应(ligase detection reaction,LDR)技术的近交系大鼠单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNP)检测方案。方法在5个品系的SPF级近交系大鼠1~20号常染色体和X染色体上共选取40个大鼠SNP位点,将SNP位点随机分为4组,构建基于多重PCR-LDR技术的近交系大鼠4组SNP位点基因检测方案。采用本方案检测国内另两家大鼠供应商的9个常用大鼠品系。最后,通过第三方实验室对不同DNA聚合酶的扩增效果进行比对,验证本方案的可行性。结果用所构建的近交系大鼠SNP遗传检测方案测试5个大鼠品系时,各样本的所有位点均得到了良好的扩增结果。采用本方案检测国内另两家大鼠供应商的9个常用大鼠品系时也得到了良好的扩增结果,40个SNP位点在每个近交系大鼠中均为纯合。用3种来源不同的DNA聚合酶同时检测相同大鼠DNA样本的结果显示,Multiplex PCR Kit、AmpliTaq Gold^(TM)360 DNA聚合酶、PlatinumⅡTaq热启动DNA聚合酶在第1~3组SNP位点均有扩增产物的电泳峰,其中PlatinumⅡTaq热启动DNA聚合酶在第4组SNP位点中少了一个扩增产物的电泳峰。另外,不同实验室间的比对结果显示,相同扩增体系的检测结果一致。结论基于多重PCR-LDR技术成功建立了一套覆盖所有常染色体与X染色体的大鼠SNP检测方案,该方法的稳定性和重复性俱佳。

PCR扩增近交系大鼠微卫星位点DNA多态性的研究

本实验选取大鼠 7条染色体上的微卫星位点合成了 10对引物 ,利用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)扩增技术对国内北京和哈尔滨等 4家单位提供的 6个品系 (SHR、SHRSP、LEW、RCS、WKY和F34 4)的 8个近交系大鼠群体进行了DNA多态性分析的研究。结果表明 :9个微卫星位点具有显著多态性 ;不同品系个体之间具有多态性 ;同一群体不同个体之间除SHR(哈 )的SMST位点和WKY(哈 )的AGT位点出现一定的差异外 ,其他均没有差异 ;不同地区同一品系的不同个体之间也存在一定的差异。该方法能有效地对近交系与杂交系、品系与品系、品系与亚系加以区分。因此 ,本实验为开展近交系大鼠遗传作图、基因定位和为实验动物的遗传背景监测提供可靠的信息 ,为大鼠遗传基因的研究提供了一个快捷简便、特异准确的方法。

BN大鼠和豚鼠评价双黄连注射液的过敏反应

目的为摸索适合评价中药过敏反应的动物,采用BN大鼠和豚鼠评价双黄连注射液过敏的反应。方法BN大鼠和豚鼠分为ip或iv临床等倍剂量组(分别为360及300mg.kg-1)、iv临床2倍剂量组(分别为720及600mg.kg-1)。以双黄连注射液为致敏原,分别对2种动物进行致敏,隔日1次,共3次。同时设生理盐水对照组,观察各组过敏反应症状;采用ELISA法测量血清和组织中组胺含量,HE染色法光镜下观察肺组织和气管病理改变。结果双黄连注射液可以造成BN大鼠及豚鼠发生过敏反应,过敏反应发生率BN大鼠组明显高于豚鼠组,分别为62.86%和36.11%。双黄连注射液可使BN大鼠和豚鼠血清、肺和气管中组胺含量均明显升高,与各相应的对照组比较均具有显著性差异,同时,从数据上看,BN大鼠各组的组胺释放率均高于豚鼠各组。结论双黄连注射液可造成BN大鼠及豚鼠发生过敏反应。BN大鼠的敏感性可能高于豚鼠,但还需进一步研究。