Pathological Changes in the Sinoatrial Node Tissues of Rats Caused by Pulsed Microwave Exposure

To observe microwave induced dynamic pathological changes in the sinus nodes, wistar rats were exposed to 0, 5, 10, 50 mW/cm^2 microwave. In 10 and 50 mW/cm^2 groups, disorganized sinoatrial node cells, cell swelling, cytoplasmic condensation, nuclear pyknosis, and anachromasis, swollen, and empty mitochondria, and blurred and focally dissolved myofibrils could be detected from 1 to 28 d, while reduced parenchymal cells, increased collagen fibers, and extracellular matrix remodeling of interstitial cells were observed from 6 to 12 months. In conclusion, 10 and 50 mW/cm^2 microwave could cause structural damages in the sinoatrial node and extracellular matrix remodeling in rats.

Study on myocardial pathological changes after instant deathdue to blast overpressure in rats

One hundred and ninety-one rats were injured with the overpressure of blast waves and 64 out of the 191 died in the first 30 min after injury.The myocardial damages of the rats were as follows: (1) Disturbance of myocardial circulation;(2) Degeneration and necrosis of the myocardium,severance of the myocardial fibers and separation of the intercalated discs, (3) Air embolism of the myocardial vessels and interstitial emphysema. It is speculated that these myocardial damages are the results of the direct effects of the overpressure of blast waves and the secondary effects of the pulmonary damages. Protection of the heart and the lungs from the overpressure of blast waves is the key to reduce the number of instant death in blast injury.

Effects of Sub-chronic Aluminum Exposure on Renal Pathologic Structure in Rats

A total of 40 Wistar rats, weighing 130-140 g, were allocated randomly into four groups. They were orally administrated with 0 （control group, GC）, 64.18 （low-dose group, GL）, 128.36 （middle-dose group, GM）, and 256.72 （high-dose group, GH） mg aluminum chloride （AlCl3） per kilogram body weight in drinking water for 120 days. Kidney coefficient and aluminum （Al） concentrations in blood and kidney were determined, and renal autopsy and histological changes were observed. The results showed that kidney coefficient in all Al-treated groups were obviously lower than that in GC （P〈0.01） and there was a dose-effect relationship. The kidneys were solid, lusterless and pale brown with white necrosis point on surface. Under electron microscope, renal cortex became thin, the renal tubule was narrowed and the epithelium dissolved; the renal glomerulus became atrophied and the glomerular became vasodilator. The Al concentrations in blood and kidney were higher in all Al-treated rats than those in GC （P〈0.01）, and there was a dose-effect relationship. The results indicated that sub-chronic Al exposure could lead to Al accumulation in kidney, restrain the development of kidney and cause the pathologic damage in rats.

Ultrastructure of focal cerebral cortex tissue from rats with focal cortical dysplasia

BACKGROUND： Developing a model of focal cortical dysplasia in microgyrus and observing the ultrastructure of focal tissue is of important significance for analyzing the pathology of cortical developmental disorder and the factors of structural changes. OBJECTIVE： This study was to observe the pathological characteristics of focal tissue around the microgyrus of rats with cortical developmental disorder using an electron microscope, so as to analyze the causes associated with cerebral cortical developmental disorder. DESIGN： A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING： The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. MATERIALS： This study was carried out in the Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Room for Electron Microscope of Chongqing Medical University, and Laboratory Animal Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between January 2004 and August 2006. Eighteen healthy newborn male Wistar rats, weighing 3.0 - 6.0 g, provided by the Laboratory Animal Center, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, were involved in this study. The protocol was carried out in accordance with animal ethics guidelines for the use and care of animals. Probes （Chongqing Wire ＆ Cable Factory, China） were made of copper core wire with diameter of 1mm. METHODS： The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 in each： normal control group, liquid nitrogen injured group and sham-operation group. （1）In the liquid nitrogen injured group, a blunt probe frozen by liquid nitrogen was placed on fronto-parietal crinial bone of rats for 8 s. A 3 - 5 cm of microgyrus was induced in the unilateral cerebral sensory cortical area. In the sham-operation group, probe was placed at the room temperature. In the normal control group, rats were untouched. （2） The conscious state and electrical activity of brain of rats in each group were observed. （3） 2 - 3 mm thickness of hippocampal tissue with coronary section was taken for observing its ultrastructure under a transmission electron microscope. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） The ultrastructure of hippocampal tissue. （2）The conscious state and electrical activity of brain of rats. RESULTS： Eighteen rats were enrolled in the final analysis. （1） Observation of hippocampal ultrastructure： Electromicroscopic pathological findings showed that for each rat of the liquid nitrogen injured group, mitochondrium in the pyramidal neuron around the microgyrus was swelled, endoplasmic reticulum was expanded, glial cells were swelled, water gathered around the blood capillary, partial medullary sheath was degenerated, neuropilem was normal and no obviously abnormal synapse was found. （2） Changes in conscious state of rats： Rats in the normal control group and sham-operation group had no convulsive seizure, but those in the liquid nitrogen injured group had occasionally. Most of them showed increased activities, excitation and restlessness, scratching and frequent ＂ watching face-like activities＂. （3）Electrical activity of brain of rats： Electroencephalogram recording of liquid nitrogen injured group showed that small wave amplitude of rhythm took the main part. No typical sharp wave, V wave, sharp and slow wave, V and slow waves were discharged. CONCLUSION： Liquid nitrogen can lead to cerebral cortical developmental disorder. Pathological changes of ultrastructure of focal tissue around the microgyrus can provide pathological basis for epilepsy associated with focal cortical developmental disorder.

Beneficial effects of AOS-iron supplementation on intestinal structure and microbiota in IDA rats

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of agar oligosaccharide-iron(AOS-iron)on intestinal tissue pathology and microbiota in IDA rats induced by a low-iron diet,further to find the relationship between intestinal microbiota and iron metabolic disorders.After 4 weeks of AOS-iron supplementation,the fecal iron content of IDA rats markedly increased in a dose-dependent manner,only the damaged cecum and colon tissues in medium-dose(MD)and high-dose(HD)groups were repaired to the baseline,while the diversity of gut microbiota was improved even at low dose(LD).Furthermore,the supplementation of AOS-iron altered the composition of gut microbiota.At the genus level,the beneficial microbiota was enriched in AOS-iron groups,but the relative abundance of potential opportunistic pathogens obviously reduced compared to that in the anemia model(AM)group.Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that biochemical parameters,including blood metabolic parameters,iron contents,body weight,GSH-PX and T-AOC activity,were positively correlated with SMB53,Anaerotruncus,Anaerostipes and Coprobacillus but negatively correlated with Morganella,Fusobacterium and Serratia.These findings indicated that AOS-iron effectively repaired the damaged intestinal tissue and ameliorated iron metabolic disorders by regulating gut microbiota desirably,which could provide references for the treatment of IDA.

Morphological observation of endometrium in rats and rabbits after insertion of indomethacin-Cu-IUD

Objective: To investigate the effect of indomethacin-Cu-IUD on the endometrium. Methods: Four kinds of IUDs were inserted into the uteri of rats and rabbits through laparotomy. The animals were killed at 1,3,6 months after treatment and their uteri were taken for histological examination with either microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The rats and rabbits without IUD served as control. Results: There was no obvious pathological change in indomethacin-Cu-IUD group at 1-6 months after insertion of IUD, similar to the control. There were some mild edema and hyperplasia of fibrous tissues in endometrium in Cu-IUD group. There was a significantly change in the vessels of microcirculation. Most vessels were normal or contracted in the indomethacin--Cu--IUD group (75 % ) and control group(87% ), while most vessels were dilated in the Cu-IUD group(70% ) (P<0. 01 ). Conclusion: Indomethacin--Cu-IUD has no harmful effect on endometrium.

The effects of 90-day feeding of D-psicose syrup in male wistar rats

D-Psicose is a rare sugar present in small quantities in natural products. In a previous study, we showed that D-psicose suppresses increase in plasma glucose and reduces body fat accumulation in rats. Based on acute and chronic toxicity testing in rats, D-psicose is classified as an ordinary and safe substance. Recently, we developed a high D-psicose syrup (PS) made from high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) by the alkaline isomerization method. However, the safety of PS as a food additive has not been demonstrated. In this study, we investigated the effects of 90-day feeding of PS in male Wistar rats. The rats were fed diets containing 3% D-psicose (control) or 4.3% PS for 90 days. The body weight gain and intra-abdominal adipose tissue weight did not differ between the control and PS group. The weights of the tissues did not differ between the two dietary groups. In clinical chemistry and hematological analyses, no differences were found between the control and PS groups. No gross pathological findings were evident at dietary doses of 4.3% PS. Therefore, the present study found no adverse effects of PS in rats fed a diet containing 4.3% PS for 90 days.

Time-Dependent FTIR Spectral Changes in Rats of Massive Hemorrhage Death during the Later Postmortem Period

The aim of the current study was to investigate the spectra in the different organs of the rats which died of massive hemorrhage;to explore their spectral changes 15 days postmortem and the best mathematical model with different band absorption ratio changes to postmortem interval(PMI);and to compare the spectral changes of different temperature.Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed by cutting abdominal aorta,and the cadavers were divided equally and kept at 4 ℃,20 ℃ and 30 ℃ in the control chamber.From the same rat,seven different organs were sampled at intervals of 1-15 days postmortem,and then measured by Fourier transfom infrared(FTIR) spectrometer.Six mathematical model functions were explored.The absorbance of bands and band absorbance ratios of absorption peak in each organ showed a time-dependent increase or decrease,most band absorbance ratios remaining stable for 7-15 days postmortem.Cubic model functions of the various bands absorbance ratios against PMI showed a stronger related coefficient.The absorbance bands with obvious changes at 20 ℃ showed stabilized tendencies at 4 ℃ and significant changes at 30 ℃ within 15 days postmortem.In addition,FTIR spectroscopy revealed a time-dependent metabolic process,with potential of being used to estimate PMI during 7 days postmortem,which merits further investigation.

京大戟醋制前后对正常大鼠毒性的研究

目的比较京大戟醋制前后对正常大鼠肝、胃、肠、肾毒性的差异。方法采用雄性SD大鼠56只,随机分为7组:空白组、京大戟低、中、高剂量组和醋京大戟低、中、高剂量组。给药组大鼠分别灌胃0.253 g/kg、0.506 g/kg、1.012 g/kg京大戟、醋京大戟粉末,空白组灌胃等量的0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠,连续7天。考察给药后各组大鼠各脏器的组织病理形态学变化,测定血清中的肝肾功能指标及血清和组织中的氧化损伤指标。结果与空白组比较,各给药组大鼠肝、胃、肠病理切片可见不同程度的组织损伤,京大戟各剂量组的大鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)与谷草转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)活性显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.05),肌酐(creatinine,CRE)与尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)活性略有升高;血清和肝、胃、肠组织中的超氧化歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)含量明显降低,丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.05)。与京大戟组比较,醋京大戟组的大鼠肝、胃、肠组织损伤较轻,血清中AST、ALT活性显著降低;血清和肝、胃、肠组织中的MDA含量明显降低,SOD和GSH含量明显升高(P>0.05),但两组间无显著性差异。结论京大戟对正常大鼠肝、胃、肠毒性明显,对肾无明显损伤,醋制后毒性均下降,其毒性作用与氧化损伤相关。

烟雾暴露联合克雷伯杆菌感染诱导大鼠肺小动脉病变的评估

目的分析烟雾暴露联合克雷伯杆菌感染诱导大鼠的肺小动脉形态结构的变化,评估肺小动脉病变的严重程度。方法对烟雾暴露联合克雷伯杆菌感染大鼠的肺组织切片(对照组和模型组)进行分析。维多利亚蓝染色切片用于肺小动脉肌化、血管壁厚度、血管阻塞分值、肌性血管的内膜和中膜厚度以及新生内膜增殖度的检测;HE染色切片用于血管周围炎症细胞浸润及丛状病变等形态的观察和检测;VG染色切片用于内膜胶原纤维和肺小动脉胶原纤维面积百分率的观察和检测。综合以上结果,按照Heath-Edwards标准对肺小动脉病变程度进行评级。结果对于血管直径≤50μm的肺小动脉,与对照组比较,模型组非肌性血管百分率显著减少(P<0.01),肌性血管百分率显著增加(P<0.01),部分肌性血管百分率无显著性差异(P>0.05),非肌性血管壁厚度和肌性血管壁厚度均显著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01),非肌性和肌性肺小动脉血管的阻塞分值均显著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01)。对于50μm<血管直径≤100μm的肺小动脉,与对照组比较,模型组的非肌性血管百分率显著减少(P<0.05),肌性血管百分率和部分肌性血管百分率均无显著性差异(P>0.05),肌性血管壁厚度和血管阻塞分值均显著增加(P<0.05),非肌性血管壁厚度和血管阻塞分值均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。对于血管直径≤50μm或50μm<血管直≤100μm的肺肌性小动脉,与对照组比较,模型组内膜厚度和中膜厚度均显著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01),血管周围炎症浸润分值均显著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01)。对照组(n=9)仅1个切片发现新生内膜,新生内膜增殖度为1.61%。模型组(n=10),5个切片存在新生内膜,新生内膜增殖度从1.04%到17.14%。所有切片均未发现丛状病变。对于血管直径≤100μm的肺小动脉,与对照组比较,模型组内膜胶原纤维表达未观察到变化,血管胶原纤维面积百分率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。按照Heath-Edwards标准,模型大鼠的肺小动脉病变未达到Ⅲ级。结论模型大鼠出现了肺小动脉肌化、内膜和中膜增厚等病理表现,血管周围存在轻度到中度的炎症反应。较低的新生内膜增殖度和未出现胶原纤维表达的变化及未出现丛状病变,提示该模型属于Heath-Edwards标准的II级病变。

Study of heteroserum-induced rat liver fibrosis model and its mechanism

AIM To investigate the morphological changes in the process of heteroserum induced rat liver fibrosis and the mechanism of fibrogenesis of this model. METHODS A model of heteroserum induced rat liver fibrosis was established by intraperitoneal injection of porcine serum. In addition to the observation of the morphological changes of this model, the infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells were measured quantitatively and the deposition of IgG and complement C 3 was detected by immunofluorescence. RESULTS The rat liver fibrosis was induced successfully at the end of the 8th week after the injection of heteroserum. Besides the increase of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) during the process of liver fibrosis, proliferation and activation of primary mesenchyma cells (PMCs) were also found. In the early stage, the infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells was significantly increased and the deposition of IgG and complement C 3 was positive in the portal tracts and septa, while gradually reduced after the injection was stopped. CONCLUSIONS This model is suitable for the research on liver fibrogenesis; the pathogenesis of this model may be related with the allergen induced late phase reaction (LPR) caused by the injection of heteroserum, and the HSCs and the PMCs are important sources of ECM producing cells.

三种心力衰竭大鼠模型的病理差异及中医证候评价

目的对多柔比星(doxorubicin,DOX)、高血压和异丙肾上腺素(isoproterenol,ISO)诱导的心力衰竭(以下简称“心衰”)大鼠模型在造模过程、病理特点等方面进行比较,并对其中医证候进行评价,以助研究者选择适当的模型。方法30只雄性Dahl盐敏感性大鼠为高血压心衰模型组(8%NaCl高盐饲料喂养,连续喂养20周);60只雄性SD大鼠随机均分为DOX心衰模型组(DOX1.5 mg/kg,每周2次,腹腔注射,共7周)和ISO心衰模型组[ISO 5 mg/(kg·d),连续7 d,腹腔注射,再继续饲养3周];另取10只雄性SD大鼠作为空白对照组。对大鼠心脏、肾脏、肝脏进行HE染色,对心肌细胞进行Masson染色;用ELISA法检测大鼠血清N末端脑钠肽前体(N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)水平;用超声心动图评估大鼠的心脏功能;结合自然状态和一般体征探讨3种心衰大鼠模型的中医证型。结果与空白对照组比较,DOX心衰模型组大鼠活动量减少、体温降低、水肿明显;高血压心衰模型组大鼠精神不振、尿量减少并且水肿;ISO心衰模型组大鼠活动减少、体温下降、大便稀软;DOX心衰模型组和高血压心衰模型组的肾脏均有较严重的病理损伤,ISO心衰模型组仅有心脏损伤;3种心衰模型组血清NT-proBNP均增加(P<0.05)、左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fractions,LVEF)和左室短轴缩短率(left ventricular fraction shortening,LVFS)均降低(P<0.05)。DOX心衰模型组和ISO心衰模型组中医证候为阳虚证,高血压心衰模型组中医证候为气阴两虚证。结论根据大鼠的宏观表现和微观指标,3种模型病理有较大差异,应慎重选择;DOX和ISO心衰模型可能为阳虚证,高血压心衰模型可能为气阴两虚证。

载ADSCs的GelMA水凝胶对糖尿病大鼠伤口愈合的作用

目的探究载脂肪间充质干细胞(ADSCs)的甲基丙烯酸酰化明胶(GelMA)水凝胶支架对糖尿病大鼠皮肤创伤愈合的影响。方法将ADSCs接种在GelMA支架表面。用链脲佐菌素构建糖尿病大鼠模型,在大鼠背部建立直径为2 cm的圆形全层皮肤缺损,将大鼠分为对照组(未行治疗)、支架组(单独应用支架治疗)及支架细胞组(应用载ADSCs支架治疗)。观察各组大鼠背部伤口愈合情况,采用苏木精-伊红染色对伤口皮肤组织进行组织学观察,采用免疫组织化学染色检测转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)表达。结果与对照组及支架组相比,支架细胞组在术后第14、21天创面愈合率更高,在术后第14天TGF-β1表达更强,在术后第21天毛细血管破裂出血减少。结论载ADSCs的GelMA水凝胶支架具有促进糖尿病大鼠伤口愈合的作用,TGF-β1可能在其中起重要作用。

高脂血症大鼠前列腺增生模型的建立

目的 构建高脂血症大鼠前列腺增生模型,探讨高脂血症大鼠前列腺增生病理状态。方法 3月龄SPF级SD雄性大鼠20只(体重180~200 g)采用随机数字表法分为对照组10只,实验组10只。对照组10只大鼠普通饲料喂养10周;实验组10只大鼠高脂饲料饲养10周,构建高脂血症大鼠前列腺增生模型。氧化酶偶联比色终点法检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG);消除法检测高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C);ELISA法检测前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、血清瘦素(LEP)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-8;苏木精-伊红染色法检测前列腺组织变化。结果 实验组TC、TG、LDL-C高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组HDL-C低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组体重低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组前列腺湿重、前列腺指数高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组LEP、IL-6、IL-8、PSA高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 高脂饲料大鼠前列腺组织增生,炎症反应是其重要病理变化。

基于代谢组学分析急性心肌梗死大鼠尿液代谢物变化

目的通过非靶向代谢组学研究急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)大鼠尿液代谢产物的变化,筛选出可用于AMI法医学鉴定的生物标志物。方法建立假手术组、AMI组和高脂血症+AMI组(hyperlipidemia+acute myocardial infarction,HAMI)大鼠模型。运用超高效液相色谱-质谱法(ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS)分析AMI大鼠尿液代谢谱的变化。通过主成分分析、偏最小二乘判别分析、正交偏最小二乘判别分析等筛选差异代谢物。使用MetaboAnalyst数据库进行代谢通路富集分析并评估差异代谢物的预测能力。结果分别筛选出40种和61种与AMI相关和HAMI相关的差异代谢物。其中22种为共同代谢物,这些小分子代谢物主要集中在烟酸和烟酰胺代谢途径中。在95%可信区间内N8-乙酰亚精胺、3-甲基组胺和胸腺嘧啶的受试者操作特征曲线的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)值大于0.95。结论N8-乙酰亚精胺、3-甲基组胺和胸腺嘧啶可作为诊断AMI的潜在生物标志物,烟酸和烟酰胺代谢的异常可能是AMI的主要原因。本研究可为AMI的作用机制和死因鉴定提供参考。

七氟烷对急性肺损伤大鼠肺功能和NF-κB/NLRP3炎性体通路的影响

目的研究七氟烷对急性肺损伤大鼠肺功能及核因子-κB/核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NF-κB/NLRP3)通路的影响。方法将75只大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组及1.5%、2.0%、2.5%七氟烷组,每组15只。除对照组外,其余4组腹腔注射5 mg/kg脂多糖制备急性肺损伤模型,造模后1.5%、2.0%、2.5%七氟烷组分别自由吸入1.5%、2.0%、2.5%七氟烷60 min,对照组和模型组自由呼吸空气。比较5组大鼠一般情况、肺功能状况(气道阻力、动态肺顺应性、用力肺活量)、肺湿/干比值(W/D)、氧合指数[动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))/吸入氧浓度(FiO_(2))]、肺组织病理变化、肺泡灌洗液中炎性因子水平[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)],采用蛋白免疫印迹法检测并比较5组大鼠肺组织NF-κB、NLRP3、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶1(caspase-1)表达水平。结果脂多糖作用96 h后,对照组、模型组及1.5%、2.0%、2.5%七氟烷组大鼠生存率分别为100%(15/15)、60.00%(9/15)、66.67%(10/15)、80.00%(12/15)、73.33%(11/15),2.0%七氟烷能明显提高大鼠生存率。HE染色显示,模型组肺组织病理改变明显,包括大量炎性细胞浸润、肺泡壁增厚且肺泡血管阻塞等,相较于模型组,1.5%、2.0%、2.5%七氟烷组肺组织病理改变有程度不同的减轻,其中以2.0%七氟烷改善效果最佳。与对照组比较,模型组气道阻力、肺W/D、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、NF-κB、NLRP3、ASC、caspase-1显著升高(P<0.05),动态肺顺应性、用力肺活量、PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)显著降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,1.5%、2.0%、2.5%七氟烷组气道阻力、肺W/D、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、NF-κB、NLRP3、ASC、caspase-1显著降低(P<0.05),动态肺顺应性、用力肺活量、PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)显著升高(P<0.05)。结论七氟烷对急性肺损伤大鼠肺功能具有保护作用,以2.0%七氟烷肺保护效果最佳,其机制可能与抑制NF-κB/NLRP3炎性体通路有关。

Effect of early enteral and parenteral nutrition on visceral ischemic lesion of rat burn model

AIM:To compare the effects of early enteral nutrition and early parenteral nutrition on ameliorating visceral ischemia and relieving free radical damage.METHODS:66 Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control group(C),parenteral nutrition group(PN)and enteral nutrition group(EN),PN and EN groups made up of 30%TBSAⅢdegree burn model.We delivered nutrient solution with same calorie and calorie nitrogen ratio via vein or enteral tract respectively.Blood flow of liver,kidney and change of SOD of heart,liver and kidney at 6,12,24,48,72 h after burn were tested.RESULTS:Tissue blood flow and SOD of EN group were higher than those of PN group in many phase(P< 0.05-0.01).CONCLUSION:Early enternal nutrition can relieve the increase of visceral vascular permeability and damage of oxygen free radical.

消疳健胃合剂对便秘大鼠胃肠功能的促进作用及机制研究

目的:探究消疳健胃合剂对便秘大鼠的通便作用及机制。方法:Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、多潘立酮组、消疳健胃合剂组,每组5只。通过盐酸洛哌丁胺灌胃建立大鼠便秘模型,各组给予相应药物进行干预,观察各组大鼠粪便数量、粪便含水量、小肠内容物推进率;采用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察大鼠结肠黏膜病理变化;ELISA检测大鼠血清胃动素、胃泌素、NO含量及回肠纤维素酶、α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶水平。结果:消疳健胃合剂能明显提高便秘大鼠粪便数量、粪便含水量,提高大鼠血清胃动素、胃泌素水平,降低NO、纤维素酶、α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶水平,减轻大鼠结肠黏膜炎症。结论:消疳健胃合剂对便秘大鼠具有通便作用,其作用机制可能与调节大鼠胃肠激素水平、促进肠蠕动有关。

铅对大鼠血液生化指标和脏器病理组织学的影响及α-硫辛酸的保护作用

为探究铅对大鼠血液生化及脏器病理组织学的影响和α-硫辛酸的保护效应,将24只雌性大鼠随机平均分为对照组、铅组、α-硫辛酸组、铅与α-硫辛酸联合组。对照组SD大鼠自由饮用双蒸水,铅组大鼠自由饮用铅水(300 mg/L),α-硫辛酸组大鼠按每千克体重50 mgα-硫辛酸剂量灌胃,铅与α-硫辛酸联合组大鼠在灌胃硫辛酸的同时饮用300 mg/L的铅水,每周记录体重。12周后,断尾采血分离血清进行生化分析,剖检采集肝脏、肾脏、肺脏、大脑,制作病理切片并镜检观察。结果显示:与对照组相比,铅组大鼠体重12周时显著减轻(P<0.05);丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性,肌酐(CREA)水平显著升高(P<0.05);肝脏、肾脏、肺脏出现病理损伤,大脑皮质未见明显的病理损伤。与铅组相比,铅与α-硫辛酸联合组大鼠体重12周时显著增加(P<0.05),ALT活性显著降低(P<0.05),肝脏、肾脏、肺脏病理损伤有所缓解,大脑皮质未见明显病理损伤。结果表明,α-硫辛酸在铅致大鼠血液生化指标变化和脏器病理损害中具有一定保护效应。