Effect of endostar combined with cisplatin on expression of VEGF and Sema3A of Lewis lung cancer rats

Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of endostar(ED) combined with cisplatin(DDP) on model of C57BL/6 rats,and to further investigate the inhibiting mechanism of endostar from tumor angiogenesis.Methods:Lewis lung cancer cells were inoculated in C57BL/6 mouse,then the mouse were randomized into control group(group A),ED(group B),DDP(group C) and ED/DDP (group D).They were treated according to the plan.And the expressions of VEGF and Sema3A were evaluated by immunhistochemisty.Results:The weight of tumor increased in group A and B.It was decreased in group C and D.The tumor volume was increased in all the 4 groups. The VEGF expression of group D was obviously lower than the other group 3,but the Sema3A expressed of group D was significantly strengthener than the other group 3.The VEGF expression of group B and group D were obviously low especially in the 4th-8th days.Pearson correlated analysis showed that the expression VEGF and Sema3A were negatively correlated(r=-0.72, P【0.05).Conclusions:ED combined with DDP could control the tumor growth effectively,and avoid weight loss.ED could reduce VEGF expression,and enhance Sema3A expression.Tumor vessel presents transient normalization.It is easy for DDP perfusion,and to kill tumor cells.

Antitumor effect of recombinant human endostatin combined with cisplatin on rats with transplanted Lewis lung cancer

Objective: To observe the antitumor effect and mechanism of recombinant human endostatin(Endostar) injection in tumor combined with intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin on subcutaneous transplanted Lewis lung cancer in rats. Methods: A total of 30 C57 rats were selected, and the monoplast suspension of Lewis lung cancer was injected into the left axilla to prepare the subcutaneous transplanted tumor models in the axilla of right upper limb. The models were randomly divided into Groups A, B, and C. Medication was conducted when the tumor grew to 400 mm3. Group A was the control group without any interventional treatment. Group B was injected with Endostar 5 mg.kg-1.d for 10 d. Group C was given the injection of Endostar 5 mg.kg-1.d combined with intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin 5 mg.kg-1.d for 10 d. All the rats in three groups were executed the day after the 10-d medication and the tumor was taken off for measurement of volume and mass changes and calculation of antitumor rate, after which the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) concentration in rats' plasma was determined by ELISA. The tumor tissues were cut for the preparation of conventional biopsies. After hematoxylin-eosin staining, the pathologic histology was examined to observe the structures of tumor tissues, VEGF score and microvessel density(MVD) in each group. Results: The volume and mass of tumor in Groups B and C were significantly lower than Group A(P < 0.05) while the tumor volume and mass in Group C were significantly lower than Group B(P < 0.05). The antitumor rate in Group C was significantly higher than Group B(P < 0.05), but the tumor VEGF score, MVD and plasma VEGF level in Group C were significantly lower than Groups A and B(P < 0.05). In Group B, the tumor VEGF score, MVD and plasma VEGF level were significantly lower than Group A(P < 0.05). The microscopic image of Group C showed that its number of active tumor cells and the blood capillary around tumor was significantly smaller than that of Groups A and B, and meanwhile atrophy and liquefactive necrosis were seen in local tumor. Conclusions: Endostar injection combined with intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin is effective in reducing tumor VEGF score and MVD of transplanted tumor tissues in rats with Lewis lung cancer to obstruct the nutrient supply of tumor cells and kill tumor cells, so that the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and metastasis can be achieved with a remarkable effect.

扶金化积丸对环磷酰胺治疗Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠的化疗增敏作用及机制

目的探讨扶金化积丸对环磷酰胺治疗Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠化疗增敏的作用及机制。方法选取健康C57BL/6小鼠接种Lewis肺癌瘤株造模。小鼠随机分成正常组、荷瘤对照组、扶金化积丸组、环磷酰胺组、扶金化积丸+环磷酰胺组。各组药物干预后,检测荷瘤小鼠瘤重、瘤体体积、计算抑瘤率及器官指数。全自动血液分析仪进行血细胞计数及血红蛋白浓度检测。酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素2、γ干扰素的含量。苏木素-伊红染色观察瘤组织病理学改变。免疫组化法检测基质金属蛋白酶9、核因子κB的表达。结果与环磷酰胺组比较,扶金化积丸+环磷酰胺组瘤瘤重、瘤体体积显著减小(P<0.05);脾脏、胸腺指数显著增大(P<0.001);红细胞、白细胞、血小板数目及血红蛋白浓度均显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.001);肿瘤坏死因子-α及白细胞介素2含量均显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.001);瘤组织核固缩较多,有明显坏死及出血现象,出现细胞凋亡;基质金属蛋白酶9、核因子κB表达降低,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论扶金化积丸可增强环磷酰胺对Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用,其机制与增强机体免疫有关。

紫龙金联合埃克替尼对Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠免疫功能及肿瘤血管生成的影响

目的:探讨紫龙金联合埃克替尼对Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠免疫功能及肿瘤血管生成的影响。方法:选用无特定病原体(SPF)级C57BL/6雄性小鼠50只,随机取10只用于制备Lewis瘤细胞悬液,余40只于其右前肢腋窝皮下分别接种0.2 mL的Lewis瘤细胞悬液,建立Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠模型,并将其随机均分为模型组、紫龙金组、埃克替尼组、联合观察组,每组10只。对比各组肿瘤重量、肿瘤生长抑制率;用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测小鼠血管内皮生长因子、小鼠肿瘤组织白细胞介素2(IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、干扰素(IFN-γ)水平;流式细胞术检测小鼠脾脏免疫细胞比例。结果:与紫龙金组及埃克替尼组比较,联合观察组小鼠的肿瘤重量和小鼠肿瘤生长抑制率高(均P<0.05),血管内皮生长因子水平及微血管密度低(均P<0.05),CD4^(+)T、CD8^(+)T及B淋巴细胞比例高(均P<0.05),肿瘤组织的IL-2、TNF-α、IFN-γ水平低(均P<0.05)。结论:紫龙金和埃克替尼联合治疗具有协同作用,显著降低了Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠模型的肿瘤重量,抑制了血管生成,增强了免疫功能,减轻了炎症反应。

Lewis酸碱调控镧掺杂氧化锌催化CO_(2)转化制碳酸乙烯酯

本研究以CO_(2)和乙二醇(EG)合成碳酸乙烯酯(EC)为目标,设计合成一系列La掺杂ZnO催化剂,可对ZnO表面Lewis酸碱性位点调控,并在无助剂条件下研究了催化剂活性。La-ZnO-1%-550℃具有最好的催化活性,在130℃、4 MPa CO_(2)、1 h条件下,EG的转化率为0.54%,EC的时空收率和选择性分别为7.326 mmol/(h·g)和99%,并具有良好的稳定性。结合对催化剂的晶体结构、形貌和表面酸碱性等分析,结果显示,La均匀分布在ZnO中空纳米片中,经过550℃煅烧的La掺杂ZnO的表面具有最多的Lewis酸碱性位点,催化剂的催化活性随中强Lewis酸碱性位点增多而升高。

升降理肺消瘤汤对Lewis肺癌小鼠免疫炎性反应和JAK2/STAT3信号通路的影响

目的探讨升降理肺消瘤汤对Lewis肺癌小鼠免疫和炎性反应的调控作用,以及对JAK2/STAT3信号通路的影响。方法适应性喂养C57BL/6J雄性小鼠1周,其中空白组8只,荷瘤组60只。荷瘤组小鼠注射Lewis肺癌细胞造模成功后,将瘤体肉眼可见的荷瘤小鼠分为模型组、PD-1抑制剂组、升降理肺消瘤汤(XLT)低剂量组、XLT中剂量组、XLT高剂量组、XLT中剂量联合PD-1抑制剂组(联合用药组),每组8只。空白组和模型组每日0.4 mL/20 g生理盐水灌胃;PD-1抑制剂组每3 d腹腔注射100μg信迪利单抗;XLT低、中、高剂量组每日0.4 mL/20 g相应浓度中药灌胃;联合用药组每日0.4 mL/20 g中浓度中药灌胃,每3 d腹腔注射100μg信迪利单抗,各组连续给药14 d。最后一次给药的24 h后,称量记录小鼠体质量,摘眼球取血,颈椎脱臼法处死小鼠,比较各组小鼠抑瘤率、去瘤体质量、胸腺指数和脾指数;ELISA法检测血清中白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、IL-6浓度水平;Western Blot检测Janus激酶2(JAK2)、p-JAK2、信号转导和转录激活因子3(STAT3)、p-STAT3蛋白表达水平。结果与模型组比较,各用药组小鼠平均瘤重均较少,PD-1抑制剂组、XLT中、高剂量组瘤重明显减少(P<0.01);PD-1抑制剂组和XLT中剂量组去瘤体质量增加(P<0.01);各用药组小鼠胸腺指数和脾指数均显著增加(P<0.01);PD-1抑制剂组、XLT中剂量组及联合用药组IL-2水平显著升高(P<0.05),各用药组小鼠IFN-γ水平均明显升高(P<0.05);除XLT低剂量组,各用药组TNF-α和IL-6水平均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各用药组小鼠JAK2蛋白相对表达量均降低(P<0.05),XLT高剂量组和联合用药组p-JAK2降低差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);除PD-1抑制剂对p-STAT3蛋白的表达抑制作用不明显外,各用药组小鼠STAT3、p-STAT3蛋白相对表达量均较模型组显著降低(P<0.05)。结论升降理肺消瘤汤能够抑制Lewis肺癌小鼠瘤体生长,可能与其增强瘤鼠抗肿瘤免疫反应,减轻炎性反应,抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路的激活有关。

黄铁矿-Fe(Ⅲ)表面Lewis酸位点增强微囊藻毒素催化水解的机制

天然黄铁矿(Pyrite)在高温(60℃)下能有效降解(k=0.072 min^(-1))水中微囊藻毒素(MCs),但突破高温瓶颈、实现常温条件[(25±5)℃]下MCs的高效降解仍是目前水处理技术的难点.本文发现外加铁离子(Fe^(3+),FeCl_(3))能加速Pyrite常温体系对微囊藻毒素-RR(MC-RR)的水解效率(水解贡献率77.94%),其降解速率常数(0.36 h^(-1))是单独Pyrite体系(0.12 h^(-1))的3倍.通过X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、循环伏安法(CV)、原位表面衰减全反射红外光谱(in situ ATR-FTIR)和密度泛函理论(DFT)等研究发现,外加Fe^(3+)通过形成Fe(Ⅲ)—O键增加了Pyrite表面Lewis酸铁位点数,再通过其与C=O配位实现了对MC-RR酰胺键的水解.此外,外加的Fe^(3+)还能将Pyrite表面多价态硫物种(S_(n)^(2-),S_(2)^(2-))氧化为单质硫(S0),通过形成氢键—NH…S进一步促进MC-RR的水解.本研究不仅为蓝藻水华治理提供了一种常温矿物处理技术,还为自然水体中酰胺类有机污染物的自净机制提供了理论依据.

Comparison on Photopic Electroretinogram Negative Response between Young and Old Lewis Rats

Purpose:To investigate and compare the latency and amplitude of the electroretinogram(ERG) photopic negative response(PhNR) between young and old Lewis rats.Methods:Thirteen Lewis rats were divided into two groups according to ages,young group(3-month old,n=5) and old group(24 month old,n=8).The ERGs of the left eyes were measured and the latency and amplitude of a-wave,b-wave and PhNRs were recorded and compared according to ages.The mean values between two groups were statistically analysed by t-test.Results:The latency of PhNRs was evidently prolonged in old group and showed significant difference(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between two groups regarding the amplitude and latency,and no significant difference was noted in the amplitude of PhNRs.Conclusion:The prolonged latency of PhNR in aged rats possibly associate with the influence of aging upon retinal ganglion cell layer(RGCL).

Brønsted-Lewis双酸性低共熔溶剂催化松香聚合反应

合成了一系列Brønsted-Lewis双酸性低共熔溶剂(DESs),并将其用于催化松香聚合反应。筛选出催化活性最高的催化剂ZnCl_(2)/2CH_(3)COOH,同时考察了不同DES物质的量比的组成,DES催化剂的用量、反应温度和反应时间对松香聚合反应的影响。最佳反应条件:松香15 g,甲苯5.6 mL,正辛烷12.4 mL,低共熔溶剂5 g,反应温度110℃,反应时间10 h。在最佳反应条件下,聚合松香的软化点为139.4℃。EDS与反应物分离后可以重复使用,经过5次循环使用后催化剂活性未见明显的下降。

具有记忆项和广义Lewis函数的Kirchhoff型抛物方程解的一致衰减估计和爆破

研究具有混合边界条件和广义Lewis函数的一类半线性抛物型方程的衰减和爆破性质。首先,通过引进简单的Lyapunov函数和严密的先验估计值方法得到能量的一致衰减估计值,其中包括指数和代数衰减两种情形。其次,通过修正的凹性方法得到当初始值具有适当的负能量时,解在有限时间内爆炸,并给出了解的生命跨度的精确估计。

基质Lewis酸性调控及其催化轻烃裂化反应性能

催化剂分子筛和基质的合理匹配是提高石脑油催化裂化制低碳烯烃产量的最有效路径之一,但是基质表面Lewis酸性对裂化反应的影响尚未明确。本研究通过硼和锌改性γ-Al_(2)O_(3)和锡改性KIT-6介孔氧化硅材料调变表面的Lewis酸,研究基质及其与ZSM-5分子筛配合使用时催化正庚烷和1-己烯裂化制低碳烯烃的性能。采用XRD、TEM、N2物理吸附-脱附以及NH3-TPD等方法探讨了改性γ-Al_(2)O_(3)和KIT-6的结构性质和表面酸性质。结果表明,B可以降低γ-Al_(2)O_(3)的表面Lewis酸性(酸量和酸强度),而Zn可以增强其表面酸性;此外,Sn可以提高有序介孔KIT-6表面Lewis酸性。催化裂化反应结果表明,当基质单独使用时,随基质表面Lewis酸性增强,轻烃反应活化能降低且转化率升高;当基质与ZSM-5配合使用时,基质在上分子筛在下的双床层排布方式对应的转化率最高,且随基质Lewis酸性增强,轻烃转化率升高,但Lewis酸性过强会加速氢转移反应,降低低碳烯烃的选择性。

Probiotic microorganisms affect the reproductive and nervous systems of male rats treated with acrylamide

Objective:To evaluate the protective effects of probiotic microorganisms on the reproductive and nervous systems of male rats treated with acrylamide.Methods:Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and received normal saline through gavage(control),acrylamide 20 mg/kg body weight,acrylamide plus probiotic microorganisms(Lactobacillus acidophilus,Lactobacillus casei,Lactobacillus bulgaricus,Lactobacillus rhamnosus,Bifidobacterium breve,Bifidobacterium infantis,Streptococcus thermophilus and fructooligosaccharides,all mixed in sachets)20 or 200 mg/kg body weight,respectively.After 30 days,the testis,prostate,seminal vesicle and cerebellum were removed,fixed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin(H&E).The Johnsen score was used to classify spermatogenesis.Cavalieri's principle method was used to evaluate the total volume(in mm3)of the testes.The number of each intratubular cell type as well as intertubular Leydig cells in whole samples was measured using the physical dissector counting techniques.Stereological analysis and the grids were used to determine the volume of cerebellar layers as well as the Purkinje cell number.Results:The testis weight decreased significantly in the acrylamide-treated group compared to the other groups(P<0.001).The number of spermatogonia,spermatocytes,spermatids and Leydig cells in the acrylamide-treated group were significantly less compared to the control group(P<0.05),while they were increased significantly in the acrylamide+200 mg/kg probiotic group(P<0.05;P<0.01).The mean Johnsen score in the acrylamide-treated group was lower than in the control group(P<0.001).Acrylamide-induced changes including congestion,vacuolization in the secretory epithelial cells,and epithelial rupture were observed in the prostate and seminal vesicle.The volumes of cerebellar layers were decreased in the acrylamide group compared to the control group while recovered in both probiotic treated groups.Conclusions:Probiotic microorganisms alleviate acrylamide-induced toxicities against the reproductive and cerebellar tissues in rats.

Systematic Method for Constructing Lewis Representations

The systematic method for constructing Lewis representations is a method for representing chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule. It uses symbols to represent the valence electrons of the atoms involved in the bond. Using a number of rules in a defined order, it is often better suited to complicated cases than the Lewis representation of atoms. This method allows us to determine the formal charge and oxidation number of each atom in the edifice more efficiently than other methods.

Prophylactic Pattern Scanning Laser Retinal Photocoagulation for Diabetic Retinopathy in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Fatty Rats: Preliminary Experimental Results

Research Background and Purpose: The number of diabetic patients is rapidly increasing, making it crucial to find methods to prevent diabetic retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of blindness. We investigated the effects of prophylactic pattern scanning laser retinal photocoagulation on DR development in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats as a new prevention approach. Methods: Photocoagulation was applied to the right eyes of 8-week-old Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats, with the left eyes serving as untreated controls. Electroretinography at 9 and 39 weeks of age and pathological examinations, including immunohistochemistry for vascular endothelial growth factor and glial fibrillary acidic protein at 24 and 40 weeks of age, were performed on both eyes. Results: There were no significant differences in amplitude and prolongation of the OP waves between the right and left eyes in SDT fatty rats at 39 weeks of age. Similarly, no significant differences in pathology and immunohistochemistry were observed between the right and left eyes in SDT fatty rats at 24 and 40 weeks of age. Conclusion: Prophylactic pattern scanning retinal laser photocoagulation did not affect the development of diabetic retinopathy in SDT fatty rats.

Effect of Mushroom Extract Hericium erinaceus on Spatial Memory and Morphology of Neurons in the CA1 and CA3 Regions of the Hippocampus in Ovariectomized Rats

Various studies indicate that low levels of estradiol negatively impact cognitive abilities. Extracts from the fungus Hericium erinaceus (HE) contain bioactive components that promote the proper functioning of the nervous system and potential effects on protection against neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia and motor dysfunctions. The objective was to evaluate the effects of the administration of the HE mushroom extract on visuospatial memory and morphology of neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus in ovariectomized rats. 40 young Wistar rats weighing 90 ± 10 g BW were used, which were distributed into four groups of 10 animals;Control Group, non-ovariectomized and untreated rats;Group E2, ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol (2 μg/kg/body weight);Group HE, ovariectomized rats treated with the extract of the fungus Hericium erinaceus (0.5 mg/kg body weight) and Group Ovx/ST, ovariectomized rats, without treatment. The animals were tested in the Barnes and Open Field maze, then they were sacrificed, and their brains were obtained to perform a histological analysis of neuronal morphology in the CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus. The most outstanding results showed that the Ovx/ST group recorded the longest time to arrive at the escape box and stay in the Barnes maze. A correlation was observed between neuronal damage and function;in the groups that did not present satisfactory performance in the maze tests, morphological alterations were identified such as the presence of some neuronal somata with degeneration characteristics such as pyknosis, nuclear basophilia and shrinkage of the cells. Its soma, as well as a decrease in the nuclear area of CA1 and CA3 neurons. It is concluded that the fungus Hericium erinaceus exerted a neuroprotective effect on the neuronal bodies of the hippocampus, associated with better performance in the visuospatial recognition memory test.

胸腹腔镜联合Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术对食管癌患者肺功能、血清炎症因子及免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨胸腹腔镜联合Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术对食管癌患者肺功能、血清炎症因子及免疫功能的影响。方法 将90例食管癌患者按手术方式的不同分为常规组(46例)和微创组(44例),常规组患者采取开胸Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术,微创组患者采取胸腹腔镜联合Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术。比较两组患者围手术期相关指标、肺功能指标[最大自主通气量(MVV)、肺活量(VC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))]、血清炎症因子[C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)]及免疫功能指标[免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)]。结果 微创组患者手术时间、住院时间均明显短于常规组,淋巴结清扫数明显多于常规组,术中出血量明显少于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。术后1个月,两组患者VC、MVV、FEV_(1)均低于本组术前,微创组患者VC、MVV、FEV_(1)均高于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。术后3天,两组患者IL-6、CRP、PCT、IgA、IgG水平均高于本组术前,微创组患者IL-6、CRP、PCT水平均低于常规组,IgA、IgG水平均高于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论 胸腹腔镜联合Ivor Lewis食管癌根治术可促进食管癌患者术后恢复,改善患者免疫功能及肺功能,减轻患者炎症反应。

Long-Term Impact of Acute Retinoic Acid Supplementation at the Young Age on Testicular Architecture of Wistar Albino Rats

Introduction: Inappropriate and excess vitamin supplementation, particularly for vitamin A, is increasingly recognized as a public health problem in developed countries. On the other hand, blind supplementation of vitamin A, for children in developing countries is a subject of controversy in the literature. The crucial role of vitamin A in the process of spermatogenesis in adult rodents is well established, but only a few publications are consecrated to the long-term effect of vitamin A intake at a young age on testicular development and differentiation. Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of acute supplementation at an early age, in the post-natal period, on spermatogenesis and testicular trophicity at adult age. Material and Methods: Young Wistar Albinos rats of 22 days received an acute high dose of supplementation of vitamin A (retinyl palmitate). The control group, group 1, received only extra virgin olive oil, Group 2 a dose of 7000 IU/kg of retinyl palmitate, group 3, 14,000 IU/kg, and Group 4 a dose of 28,000 IU/kg. At 10 weeks of age, the testes’ testosterone levels were measured by ELISA. For histological assessment, sections were stained with Hematoxylin eosin, and the Johnsen score was used to evaluate spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules. Results: The average testicular weights of rats were significantly lower in group 4 (p < 0.05), and so was the testosterone level in the testis compared to the control group (p .01). Most of the seminiferous tubules were concerned by an arrest of spermatogenesis and the Johnsen score was decreased with a mean score of 5.96 ± 1.60 (p .001) in that Group. In Group 3, Johnsen’s score was significantly better than the one obtained with the control. Conclusion: We observed a negative effect in the long term with a high acute dose of supplementation of retinyl palmitate at a young age, on testicular development and differentiation. Despite a return to normal diet after that supplementation, during childhood, impaired spermatogenesis was identified at the adult age with an arrest of spermatogenesis. The reversibility of that lack of differentiation by a return to a normal diet is questionable and would need more investigation.

Underlying anti-hypertensive mechanism of the Mizuhopecten yessoensis derived peptide NCW in spontaneously hypertensive rats via widely targeted kidney metabolomics

The angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory peptide NCW derived from Mizuhopecten yessoensis has been demonstrated to have significant in vivo anti-hypertensive effects,however,its anti-hypertensive mechanism is still not fully clarified.This study established a UPLC-Q-TRAP-MS/MS-based widely targeted kidney metabolomics approach to explore the changes of kidney metabolic profiles and to clarify the antihypertensive mechanism of peptide NCW in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs).Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that the kidney metabolic profiles were clearly separated between the SHR-NCW and SHRUntreated groups.A total of 85 metabolites were differentially regulated,and 16 metabolites were identified as potential kidney biomarkers,e.g.,3-hydroxybutyrate,malonic acid,deoxycytidine,and L-aspartic acid.The peptide NCW might regulate kidney metabolic disorder of SHRs to alleviate hypertension by suppressing inflammation and improving nitric oxide production under the regulation of linoleic acid metabolism,folate related pathways,synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies,pyrimidine metabolism,β-alanine metabolism,and retinal metabolism.

The water-soluble TF3 component from Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker promotes tibial fracture healing in rats by promoting osteoblast proliferation and angiogenesis

Objective To determine the active components of Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker(Tu Bie Chong)and explore the mechanisms underlying its fracture-healing ability.Methods A modified Einhorn method was used to develop a rat tibial fracture model.Progression of bone healing was assessed using radiological methods.Safranin O/fast green and CD31 immunohistochemical staining were performed to evaluate the growth of bone cells and angiogenesis at the fracture site.Methylthiazoletetrazolium blue and wound healing assays were used to analyze cell viability and migration.The Transwell assay was used to explore the invasion capacity of the cells.Tubule formation assays were used to assess the angiogenesis capacity of human vascular endothelial cells(HUVECs).qRT-PCR was used to evaluate the changes in gene transcription levels.Results Tu Bie Chong fraction 3(TF3)significantly shortened the fracture healing time in model rats.X-ray results showed that on day 14,fracture healing in the TF3 treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group(P=.0086).Tissue staining showed that cartilage growth and the number of H-shaped blood vessels at the fracture site of the TF3 treatment group were better than those of the control group.In vitro,TF3 significantly promoted the proliferation and wound healing of MC3T3-E1s and HUVECs(all P<.01).Transwell assays showed that TF3 promoted the migration of HUVECs,but inhibited the migration of MC3T3-E1 cells.Tubule formation experiments confirmed that TF3 markedly promoted the ability of vascular endothelial cells to form microtubules.Gene expression analysis revealed that TF3 significantly promoted the expression of VEGFA,SPOCD1,NGF,and NGFR in HUVECs.In MC3T3-E1 cells,the transcript levels of RUNX2 and COL2A1 were significantly elevated following TF3 treatment.Conclusion TF3 promotes fracture healing by promoting bone regeneration associated with the RUNX2 pathway and angiogenesis associated with the VEGFA pathway.

Effect of Lewis acid-base additive on lead-free Cs_(2)SnI_(6) thin film prepared by direct solution coating process

Inorganic Cs_(2)SnI_(6) perovskite has exhibited substantial potential for light harvesting due to its exceptional optoelectronic properties and remarkable stability in ambient conditions.The charge transport characteristics within perovskite films are subject to modulation by various factors,including crystalline orientation,morphology,and crystalline quality.Achieving preferred crystalline orientation and film morphology via a solution-based process is challenging for Cs_(2)SnI_(6) films.In this work,we employed thiourea as an additive to optimize crystal orientation,enhance film morphology,promote crystallization,and achieve phase purity.Thiourea lowers the surface energy of the(222)plane along the(111)direction,confirmed by x-ray diffraction,x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy studies,and density functional theory calculations.Varying thiourea concentration enables a bandgap tuning of Cs_(2)SnI_(6) from 1.52 eV to1.07 eV.This approach provides a novel method for utilizing Cs_(2)SnI_(6) films in high-performance optoelectronic devices.