Objective: Long-term intake of Miso attenuates hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) rats through an increased urinary sodium excretion. We examined whether a bolus injection into the peritoneal cavity (i.p.) o...Objective: Long-term intake of Miso attenuates hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) rats through an increased urinary sodium excretion. We examined whether a bolus injection into the peritoneal cavity (i.p.) or a continuous subcutaneous infusion of a Miso extract attenuates hypertension in Dahl S rats. Materials and Methods: We investigated the effects of a bolus, i.p. injection of 50 mg Miso extract in 0.5 mL on hypertension in Dahl S rats, and examined whether a long-term subcutaneous infusion of the Miso extract (50 mg Miso/day), using an osmotic mini-pump working for 14 days, attenuates hypertension in Dahl S rats. Results: A bolus, i.p. injection of 50 mg Miso extract decreased SBP in 2 hrs. The reduction was significant at 4 hrs, and SBP returned to the baseline at 24 hrs. The SBP reduction at 4 hrs after the injection was increasingly greater each day during the 4 days. The SBP reduction by the Miso extract was dose-dependent and the antihy-pertensive activity occurs in a <5 kDa fraction of the extract. The subcutaneous infusion of 50 mg Miso extract/day for 14 days significantly attenuated hypertension in Dahl S rats. The SBP reduction was associated with significant decreases in the heart and kidney weights. Urinary protein excretion significantly decreased in the Miso group. The SBP reduction was not associated with increases in either urinary sodium excretion or fractional excretion of sodium. Conclusions: SBP reduction by very low-dose of the Miso extract may be mediated partly by mechanisms other than renal sodium handling.展开更多
Objectives: We investigated an influence of salt intake during gestation or lactation in salt preference of weaning Dahl salt sensitive (Dahl S) strain. Material and Methods: Nine-week-old female Dahl S rats, after ma...Objectives: We investigated an influence of salt intake during gestation or lactation in salt preference of weaning Dahl salt sensitive (Dahl S) strain. Material and Methods: Nine-week-old female Dahl S rats, after mated with the male, were divided into 1) high-salt group fed a 4% NaCl diet (high-salt mother) or 2) low-salt group fed a 0.3% NaCl diet (low-salt mother) during gestation or lactation periods. Using 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% (w/v) saline solutions, we assessed salt preference in their offspring after weaning. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was determined by tail cuff method. Results: Both the male and female offspring from low-salt mothers during gestation consumed equal amounts of any saline solution. However, the amount of each saline solution was higher in the offspring of low-salt mothers than those of high-salt mothers. This resulted in a significant increase of salt intake in both the male and female offspring of low-salt mothers compared with those of high-salt mothers. In contrast, both the male and female offspring from low-mothers during lactation rather preferred the lower concentration of saline solution, and this resulted in less salt intake in the offspring of low-salt mothers than those of high-salt mothers. Conclusions: We demonstrated that low salt diet in pregnant mothers increased salt intake of their offspring. The offspring of mothers fed a low salt diet during lactation had less salt than those of high-salt mothers. The influence of salt intake of mothers in their offspring varies along with the growth stage of their babies.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To study the features of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation induced by endothelin-1 (ET-1). METHODS: VSMCs of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats were cultured and trea...OBJECTIVE: To study the features of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation induced by endothelin-1 (ET-1). METHODS: VSMCs of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats were cultured and treated with ET-1. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene expression was measured using both Northern blot and an enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS: ET-1 resulted in an increase in bFGF transcripts at 8 - 24 h; bFGF levels were significantly higher in VSMCs treated with ET-1 than in those not treated. However, VSMCs growth responses in SHR and WKY were different. Smooth muscle cells of SHR were hyper-responsive to ET-1. Maximal bFGF mRNA levels were elevated 3.5-fold at 4 h of stimulation in WKY and 8-fold at 8h in SHR4. Moreover, the proliferation of VSMCs induced by ET-1 was inhibited by antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (10 micromol/L AS-bFGF) but not sense bFGF oligomers at the same concentrations, being reduced by 80% in SHR and 40% in WKY vs control, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of AS-bFGF oligomers on SHR SMC proliferation is significantly greater than on WKY SMC proliferation. CONCLUSION: ET-1 may be required for exaggerated vascular growth responses in SHR and bFGF may be involved.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To explore the pathogenic changes of myocardial apoptosis in heart hypertrophy during hypertension and evaluate the anti-apoptosis effect of Valsartan. METHODS: Thirty spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs)...OBJECTIVE: To explore the pathogenic changes of myocardial apoptosis in heart hypertrophy during hypertension and evaluate the anti-apoptosis effect of Valsartan. METHODS: Thirty spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were divided into two groups: 15 treated with Valsartan (20 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) (SHR + Valsartan group), the others with placebo (SHR + placebo group), with 15 normal Wistar rats as control. Systolic blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff method. The observation period was from 8 to 16 weeks of age. Cardiac apoptosis was evaluated by a Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-Mediated dUTP-biotin Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) assay. RESULTS: Mean blood pressure values were 127 +/- 2 mm Hg in controls, 163 +/- 6 mm Hg in the SHR + Valsartan group and 193 +/- 7 mm Hg in the SHR + placebo group at 16 weeks of age, whereas the blood pressure in 8-week-old SHR and Wistar rats were 175 +/- 3 mm Hg and 125 +/- 5 mm Hg, respectively. The ratio of the heart weight over body weight declined in Wistar (3.07 +/- 0.03 mg/g) and SHR + Valsartan groups (3.22 +/- 0.19 mg/g) compared with the SHR + placebo group (4.02 +/- 0.31 mg/g) (P展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the mixed endothelin receptor antagonist, bosentan, combined with the long-acting calcium channel blocker, amlodipine, compared to the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the mixed endothelin receptor antagonist, bosentan, combined with the long-acting calcium channel blocker, amlodipine, compared to the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, cilazapril, on the progressive renal injury in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) with diabetes. METHODS: Diabetic hypertensive rats (SHR-DM) were induced by streptozotozin injected in male SHR (7-week-old),and divided into an untreated and three treated groups: 1) cilazapril treated group; 2) bosentan+amlodipine treated group; and 3) amlodipine treated group. Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHR rats served as normotensive and hypertensive control, respectively. The mean arterial blood pressure, renal function, endothelin and angiotensin II levels as well as the protein expression of renal extracellular matrix components and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 were determined at the end of the 4th week. RESULTS: Mean arterial blood pressure significantly increased in SHR and SHR-DM rats compared to WKY rats. All the therapies reduced the blood pressure to normal levels. However, the enhanced urinary protein excretion, the decreased creatinine clearance as well as the increased plasma and intrarenal endothelin and angiotens in II levels were found in the untreated SHR-DM and prevented by treatment with bosentan+amlodipine and cilazapril. Similarly, these two kinds of therapies in SHR-DM abolished the overexpression of renal TGF-beta1 by Western blot analysis and reduced the accumulation of collagen type IV, laminin and fibronectin proteins by an immunochemical approach. Amlodipine monotherapy had no detectable effects on the above parameters. CONCLUSION: Bosentan combined with amlodipine can offer similar renoprotective effects on that of cilazapril and may be a potent therapy to attenuate renal injury by reducing renal protein levels of TGF-beta1 in diabetes with a hypertensive state.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To observe reversal of ventricular remodeling by the protein kinase C inhibitor Scutellarein in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS: Twelve SHRs were randomly divided into two groups. Scutellare...OBJECTIVE: To observe reversal of ventricular remodeling by the protein kinase C inhibitor Scutellarein in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS: Twelve SHRs were randomly divided into two groups. Scutellarein and saline (10 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) were given by intraperitoneal injection to two groups of rats separately. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and ventricular weight index (LVW/BW, RVW/BW) were measured. A polarization microscope and an image analyzer system (IAS) were used to observe changes in cardiovascular structure and to count the content of cardiac muscle interstitial collagen. RESULTS: The pathologic changes in the left ventricle in the Scutellarein group rats (SHR(D)) improved to varying degrees, including hypertrophy of the cardiac muscle and collagen volume fraction. CONCLUSION: Scutellarein can reverse ventricular remodeling, improve myocardial stiffness and protect heart cardiac muscle.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To establish monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against thymic epithelial cells and study the function of epithelial cells during T-cell differentiation in the thymus. METHODS: Hybridomas secreting mAbs against t...OBJECTIVE: To establish monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against thymic epithelial cells and study the function of epithelial cells during T-cell differentiation in the thymus. METHODS: Hybridomas secreting mAbs against thymic epithelial cells were derived by immunization of Balb/c mice with two thymic epithelial cell lines, TaD3 and FTE. The distribution of antigens recognized by these mAbs was detected by immunochemical staining and cytofluorographic analysis, and the molecular weight of the antigens by immunoblotting. RESULTS: Five specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were obtained. On the basis of their distribution in the thymus determined by immunochemical staining, mAb RE-4D8 was regarded as clusters of thymic epithelium staining (CTES) type IIA: mAb RE-12B2, which showed a unique distribution pattern only in the medulla, was CTES type V: mAb RE-5C6 was CTES type IV: mAb RE-6D6 might be CTES type IIB: and mAb RE-1D4 was classified as type V. The molecular weight (MW) of antigen RE-4D8, RE-6D6 and RE-12B2 were 120 kDa, 220 kDa and 35 kDa, respectively. Antigen RE-1D4 is a novel marker of cortical epithelium, several established thymic epithelial cell lines were classified and their original intrathymic locations were determined by these mAbs. Thymic cell lines, TuD3 and FTE were cortical phenotypes whereas TaD3 had a medullar phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: These mAbs clearly demonstrate the heterogeneity of the thymic epithelium; they could detect antigens not only in the cytoplasm but also on the surface of thymic epithelial cells. Our data suggest that these newly established mAbs may help elucidate the interaction between thymocytes and epithelial cells during T cell maturation.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture(EA) at Taichong(LR 3) and Baihui(DU 20)on myocardial hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs).METHODS: Thirty-six SHRs were randomly assigned to ...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture(EA) at Taichong(LR 3) and Baihui(DU 20)on myocardial hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs).METHODS: Thirty-six SHRs were randomly assigned to model, EA, and Losartan groups, with twelve rats per group. Twelve Wistar Kyoto rats were selected as the normal control group. Systolic blood pressure(SBP) and cardiac function were measured in all rats.Expression levels of factors associated with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin(PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway were evaluated by Western blotting and real-time PCR.Pathological changes of the heart tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.RESULTS: After treatment, enhanced SBP was significantly decreased in the EA and Losartan groups compared with the model group(P < 0.01). Echocardiographic and morphological analyses revealed that enhanced end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness and left ventricular posterior wall thickness, as well as ratio of left ventricular weight to body weight were markedly diminished in the EA and Losartan groups(P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), while reduced left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and left ventricular ejection fraction were significantly ameliorated(P < 0.01). Real-time PCR and western blotting analyses showed that the expression levels of PI3K,Akt, and mT OR in SHRs were significantly up-regulated by EA and Losartan(P < 0.01), while the expression levels of PTEN and ANP were down-regulated(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: EA at Taichong(LR 3) and Baihui(DU20) inhibited the development of cardiac hypertrophy and improved the cardiac function in SHRs, possibly through regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Taichong(LR3) acupuncture points(acupoints) on the expression of glucose transporter protein 1(GLUT1) in the hypothalamus of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs) as measured by c...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Taichong(LR3) acupuncture points(acupoints) on the expression of glucose transporter protein 1(GLUT1) in the hypothalamus of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs) as measured by combined positron emission tomography and computed tomography(PETCT).METHODS: Spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR)were divided into model, Taichong(LR 3) acupuncture, and sham groups. Additionally, Tokyo Wistar rats were used as the control group. Changes in blood pressure were recorded in different groups of rats before and after the corresponding treatment. Hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining was used to study basic morphological changes, and immunohistochemistry was used to determine GLUT1 expression in the hypothalamus. Further,PET-CT was utilized to elucidate the antihypertensive mechanism after acupuncture at the Taichong(LR 3) acupoints.RESULTS: PET-CT indicated activation of the hypothalamus. Measurement of blood pressure showed that acupuncture at the Taichong(LR 3) acupoints lowered blood pressure. HE staining did not show any significant pathological changes, although differences in cell number were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated a GLUT1 downregulation in the SHRs of the Taichong(LR 3) acupuncture group after the treatment.CONCLUSION: Acupuncture at Taichong(LR 3) acupoints lowered blood pressure in SHRs, with possible mechanisms being changes in cell number and GLUT1 expression in the hypothalamus.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To observe the impact of Shijueming （Concha Haliotidis） on spontaneously hypertensive rats via blood pressure, serum calcium, vascular smooth muscle membrane L-type calcium channel α1 C subunit （CaL-...OBJECTIVE： To observe the impact of Shijueming （Concha Haliotidis） on spontaneously hypertensive rats via blood pressure, serum calcium, vascular smooth muscle membrane L-type calcium channel α1 C subunit （CaL-α1C）, plasma membrane calci- um-ATPase （PMCA） mRNA expression, and the L-type calcium channel in vascular smooth muscle cells. METHODS： Twelve-week-old male rats with sponta- neous hypertension were divided into three groups： a Shijueming （Concha Haliotidis） group （group 1）, a nifedipine group （group 2）, and a dis- tilled water group （group 3）. All were given a four-week treatment. Blood pressure and dissocia- tive serum calcium were examined before treat- ment. Blood pressure was taken every week during treatment. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to examine dissociative serum calcium. Re-verse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the expression of CaL-α1C and PM- CA1 mRNA. The patch clamp technique was used to examine the electrophysiological characteristics of the vascular smooth muscle cell calcium chan- nels. RESULTS： After treatment, blood pressure of the Shijueming （Concha Halioticlis） group lowered but not significantly （P〉0.05）. Blood pressure of the nifedipine group lowered significantly （P〈0.05）. Blood pressure of the distilled water group re- mained high. The concentration of serum calcium in the Shijueming （Concha Haliotidis） and the dis- tilled water groups lowered （P〈0.05）. Expression of CaL-α1C mRNA in the nifedipine group decreased compared with the distilled water group （P〈0.01）. There was the decreasing trend in the Shijueming （Concha Haliotidis） group, but it was not statistically significant. Shijueming （Concha Haliotidis） also had effects on the expression of PMCA1 mRNA but with- out statistical significance. However, there was a significant decreasing effect on vascular smooth muscle cell Ica-L flow. CONCLUSION： This study indicated that Shijuem- ing （Concha Haliotidis） could increase serum calci- um and decrease blood pressure. It may work by in- fluencing calcium channels, expression of PMCA1 mRNA, and regulating ion calcium channels and calcium-ATPase.展开更多
文摘Objective: Long-term intake of Miso attenuates hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) rats through an increased urinary sodium excretion. We examined whether a bolus injection into the peritoneal cavity (i.p.) or a continuous subcutaneous infusion of a Miso extract attenuates hypertension in Dahl S rats. Materials and Methods: We investigated the effects of a bolus, i.p. injection of 50 mg Miso extract in 0.5 mL on hypertension in Dahl S rats, and examined whether a long-term subcutaneous infusion of the Miso extract (50 mg Miso/day), using an osmotic mini-pump working for 14 days, attenuates hypertension in Dahl S rats. Results: A bolus, i.p. injection of 50 mg Miso extract decreased SBP in 2 hrs. The reduction was significant at 4 hrs, and SBP returned to the baseline at 24 hrs. The SBP reduction at 4 hrs after the injection was increasingly greater each day during the 4 days. The SBP reduction by the Miso extract was dose-dependent and the antihy-pertensive activity occurs in a <5 kDa fraction of the extract. The subcutaneous infusion of 50 mg Miso extract/day for 14 days significantly attenuated hypertension in Dahl S rats. The SBP reduction was associated with significant decreases in the heart and kidney weights. Urinary protein excretion significantly decreased in the Miso group. The SBP reduction was not associated with increases in either urinary sodium excretion or fractional excretion of sodium. Conclusions: SBP reduction by very low-dose of the Miso extract may be mediated partly by mechanisms other than renal sodium handling.
文摘Objectives: We investigated an influence of salt intake during gestation or lactation in salt preference of weaning Dahl salt sensitive (Dahl S) strain. Material and Methods: Nine-week-old female Dahl S rats, after mated with the male, were divided into 1) high-salt group fed a 4% NaCl diet (high-salt mother) or 2) low-salt group fed a 0.3% NaCl diet (low-salt mother) during gestation or lactation periods. Using 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% (w/v) saline solutions, we assessed salt preference in their offspring after weaning. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was determined by tail cuff method. Results: Both the male and female offspring from low-salt mothers during gestation consumed equal amounts of any saline solution. However, the amount of each saline solution was higher in the offspring of low-salt mothers than those of high-salt mothers. This resulted in a significant increase of salt intake in both the male and female offspring of low-salt mothers compared with those of high-salt mothers. In contrast, both the male and female offspring from low-mothers during lactation rather preferred the lower concentration of saline solution, and this resulted in less salt intake in the offspring of low-salt mothers than those of high-salt mothers. Conclusions: We demonstrated that low salt diet in pregnant mothers increased salt intake of their offspring. The offspring of mothers fed a low salt diet during lactation had less salt than those of high-salt mothers. The influence of salt intake of mothers in their offspring varies along with the growth stage of their babies.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To study the features of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation induced by endothelin-1 (ET-1). METHODS: VSMCs of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats were cultured and treated with ET-1. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene expression was measured using both Northern blot and an enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS: ET-1 resulted in an increase in bFGF transcripts at 8 - 24 h; bFGF levels were significantly higher in VSMCs treated with ET-1 than in those not treated. However, VSMCs growth responses in SHR and WKY were different. Smooth muscle cells of SHR were hyper-responsive to ET-1. Maximal bFGF mRNA levels were elevated 3.5-fold at 4 h of stimulation in WKY and 8-fold at 8h in SHR4. Moreover, the proliferation of VSMCs induced by ET-1 was inhibited by antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (10 micromol/L AS-bFGF) but not sense bFGF oligomers at the same concentrations, being reduced by 80% in SHR and 40% in WKY vs control, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of AS-bFGF oligomers on SHR SMC proliferation is significantly greater than on WKY SMC proliferation. CONCLUSION: ET-1 may be required for exaggerated vascular growth responses in SHR and bFGF may be involved.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To explore the pathogenic changes of myocardial apoptosis in heart hypertrophy during hypertension and evaluate the anti-apoptosis effect of Valsartan. METHODS: Thirty spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were divided into two groups: 15 treated with Valsartan (20 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) (SHR + Valsartan group), the others with placebo (SHR + placebo group), with 15 normal Wistar rats as control. Systolic blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff method. The observation period was from 8 to 16 weeks of age. Cardiac apoptosis was evaluated by a Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-Mediated dUTP-biotin Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) assay. RESULTS: Mean blood pressure values were 127 +/- 2 mm Hg in controls, 163 +/- 6 mm Hg in the SHR + Valsartan group and 193 +/- 7 mm Hg in the SHR + placebo group at 16 weeks of age, whereas the blood pressure in 8-week-old SHR and Wistar rats were 175 +/- 3 mm Hg and 125 +/- 5 mm Hg, respectively. The ratio of the heart weight over body weight declined in Wistar (3.07 +/- 0.03 mg/g) and SHR + Valsartan groups (3.22 +/- 0.19 mg/g) compared with the SHR + placebo group (4.02 +/- 0.31 mg/g) (P
基金ThisresearchworkwassupportedbyMinistryofPublicHealthandShanghaiBairenProjectFoundation (No .98BR0 3 8)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the mixed endothelin receptor antagonist, bosentan, combined with the long-acting calcium channel blocker, amlodipine, compared to the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, cilazapril, on the progressive renal injury in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) with diabetes. METHODS: Diabetic hypertensive rats (SHR-DM) were induced by streptozotozin injected in male SHR (7-week-old),and divided into an untreated and three treated groups: 1) cilazapril treated group; 2) bosentan+amlodipine treated group; and 3) amlodipine treated group. Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHR rats served as normotensive and hypertensive control, respectively. The mean arterial blood pressure, renal function, endothelin and angiotensin II levels as well as the protein expression of renal extracellular matrix components and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 were determined at the end of the 4th week. RESULTS: Mean arterial blood pressure significantly increased in SHR and SHR-DM rats compared to WKY rats. All the therapies reduced the blood pressure to normal levels. However, the enhanced urinary protein excretion, the decreased creatinine clearance as well as the increased plasma and intrarenal endothelin and angiotens in II levels were found in the untreated SHR-DM and prevented by treatment with bosentan+amlodipine and cilazapril. Similarly, these two kinds of therapies in SHR-DM abolished the overexpression of renal TGF-beta1 by Western blot analysis and reduced the accumulation of collagen type IV, laminin and fibronectin proteins by an immunochemical approach. Amlodipine monotherapy had no detectable effects on the above parameters. CONCLUSION: Bosentan combined with amlodipine can offer similar renoprotective effects on that of cilazapril and may be a potent therapy to attenuate renal injury by reducing renal protein levels of TGF-beta1 in diabetes with a hypertensive state.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To observe reversal of ventricular remodeling by the protein kinase C inhibitor Scutellarein in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS: Twelve SHRs were randomly divided into two groups. Scutellarein and saline (10 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) were given by intraperitoneal injection to two groups of rats separately. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and ventricular weight index (LVW/BW, RVW/BW) were measured. A polarization microscope and an image analyzer system (IAS) were used to observe changes in cardiovascular structure and to count the content of cardiac muscle interstitial collagen. RESULTS: The pathologic changes in the left ventricle in the Scutellarein group rats (SHR(D)) improved to varying degrees, including hypertrophy of the cardiac muscle and collagen volume fraction. CONCLUSION: Scutellarein can reverse ventricular remodeling, improve myocardial stiffness and protect heart cardiac muscle.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To establish monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against thymic epithelial cells and study the function of epithelial cells during T-cell differentiation in the thymus. METHODS: Hybridomas secreting mAbs against thymic epithelial cells were derived by immunization of Balb/c mice with two thymic epithelial cell lines, TaD3 and FTE. The distribution of antigens recognized by these mAbs was detected by immunochemical staining and cytofluorographic analysis, and the molecular weight of the antigens by immunoblotting. RESULTS: Five specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were obtained. On the basis of their distribution in the thymus determined by immunochemical staining, mAb RE-4D8 was regarded as clusters of thymic epithelium staining (CTES) type IIA: mAb RE-12B2, which showed a unique distribution pattern only in the medulla, was CTES type V: mAb RE-5C6 was CTES type IV: mAb RE-6D6 might be CTES type IIB: and mAb RE-1D4 was classified as type V. The molecular weight (MW) of antigen RE-4D8, RE-6D6 and RE-12B2 were 120 kDa, 220 kDa and 35 kDa, respectively. Antigen RE-1D4 is a novel marker of cortical epithelium, several established thymic epithelial cell lines were classified and their original intrathymic locations were determined by these mAbs. Thymic cell lines, TuD3 and FTE were cortical phenotypes whereas TaD3 had a medullar phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: These mAbs clearly demonstrate the heterogeneity of the thymic epithelium; they could detect antigens not only in the cytoplasm but also on the surface of thymic epithelial cells. Our data suggest that these newly established mAbs may help elucidate the interaction between thymocytes and epithelial cells during T cell maturation.
基金Supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation:Regulating effect of electroacupuncture on cardiac hypertrophy of spontaneously hypertensive rats based on PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway(No.7162121)Young Teacher Program of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine:Mechanism of acupuncture on left ventricular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats based on microRNA-195 targeting TGF/Smads signaling pathway(No.2017-JYB-JS-030)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture(EA) at Taichong(LR 3) and Baihui(DU 20)on myocardial hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs).METHODS: Thirty-six SHRs were randomly assigned to model, EA, and Losartan groups, with twelve rats per group. Twelve Wistar Kyoto rats were selected as the normal control group. Systolic blood pressure(SBP) and cardiac function were measured in all rats.Expression levels of factors associated with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin(PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway were evaluated by Western blotting and real-time PCR.Pathological changes of the heart tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.RESULTS: After treatment, enhanced SBP was significantly decreased in the EA and Losartan groups compared with the model group(P < 0.01). Echocardiographic and morphological analyses revealed that enhanced end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness and left ventricular posterior wall thickness, as well as ratio of left ventricular weight to body weight were markedly diminished in the EA and Losartan groups(P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), while reduced left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and left ventricular ejection fraction were significantly ameliorated(P < 0.01). Real-time PCR and western blotting analyses showed that the expression levels of PI3K,Akt, and mT OR in SHRs were significantly up-regulated by EA and Losartan(P < 0.01), while the expression levels of PTEN and ANP were down-regulated(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: EA at Taichong(LR 3) and Baihui(DU20) inhibited the development of cardiac hypertrophy and improved the cardiac function in SHRs, possibly through regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway.
基金National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program):Basic Research on the Specificity of the Meridian Effect and the Key Influencing Factors(No.2012CB518504)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Taichong(LR3) acupuncture points(acupoints) on the expression of glucose transporter protein 1(GLUT1) in the hypothalamus of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs) as measured by combined positron emission tomography and computed tomography(PETCT).METHODS: Spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR)were divided into model, Taichong(LR 3) acupuncture, and sham groups. Additionally, Tokyo Wistar rats were used as the control group. Changes in blood pressure were recorded in different groups of rats before and after the corresponding treatment. Hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining was used to study basic morphological changes, and immunohistochemistry was used to determine GLUT1 expression in the hypothalamus. Further,PET-CT was utilized to elucidate the antihypertensive mechanism after acupuncture at the Taichong(LR 3) acupoints.RESULTS: PET-CT indicated activation of the hypothalamus. Measurement of blood pressure showed that acupuncture at the Taichong(LR 3) acupoints lowered blood pressure. HE staining did not show any significant pathological changes, although differences in cell number were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated a GLUT1 downregulation in the SHRs of the Taichong(LR 3) acupuncture group after the treatment.CONCLUSION: Acupuncture at Taichong(LR 3) acupoints lowered blood pressure in SHRs, with possible mechanisms being changes in cell number and GLUT1 expression in the hypothalamus.
文摘OBJECTIVE： To observe the impact of Shijueming （Concha Haliotidis） on spontaneously hypertensive rats via blood pressure, serum calcium, vascular smooth muscle membrane L-type calcium channel α1 C subunit （CaL-α1C）, plasma membrane calci- um-ATPase （PMCA） mRNA expression, and the L-type calcium channel in vascular smooth muscle cells. METHODS： Twelve-week-old male rats with sponta- neous hypertension were divided into three groups： a Shijueming （Concha Haliotidis） group （group 1）, a nifedipine group （group 2）, and a dis- tilled water group （group 3）. All were given a four-week treatment. Blood pressure and dissocia- tive serum calcium were examined before treat- ment. Blood pressure was taken every week during treatment. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to examine dissociative serum calcium. Re-verse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the expression of CaL-α1C and PM- CA1 mRNA. The patch clamp technique was used to examine the electrophysiological characteristics of the vascular smooth muscle cell calcium chan- nels. RESULTS： After treatment, blood pressure of the Shijueming （Concha Halioticlis） group lowered but not significantly （P〉0.05）. Blood pressure of the nifedipine group lowered significantly （P〈0.05）. Blood pressure of the distilled water group re- mained high. The concentration of serum calcium in the Shijueming （Concha Haliotidis） and the dis- tilled water groups lowered （P〈0.05）. Expression of CaL-α1C mRNA in the nifedipine group decreased compared with the distilled water group （P〈0.01）. There was the decreasing trend in the Shijueming （Concha Haliotidis） group, but it was not statistically significant. Shijueming （Concha Haliotidis） also had effects on the expression of PMCA1 mRNA but with- out statistical significance. However, there was a significant decreasing effect on vascular smooth muscle cell Ica-L flow. CONCLUSION： This study indicated that Shijuem- ing （Concha Haliotidis） could increase serum calci- um and decrease blood pressure. It may work by in- fluencing calcium channels, expression of PMCA1 mRNA, and regulating ion calcium channels and calcium-ATPase.
