油浸式变压器内部绕组的匝间纸绝缘受温度的影响会析出气泡,进而引发局部放电导致绝缘劣化。该文通过研究油纸界面的微观结构和气泡产生的物理过程,建立气泡演化的数值模型,结合气泡生长过程中的受力分析,得到了气泡在不同条件下的生长...油浸式变压器内部绕组的匝间纸绝缘受温度的影响会析出气泡,进而引发局部放电导致绝缘劣化。该文通过研究油纸界面的微观结构和气泡产生的物理过程,建立气泡演化的数值模型,结合气泡生长过程中的受力分析,得到了气泡在不同条件下的生长规律。首先,基于Rayleigh-Plesset方程建立油纸界面处由气泡内压强主导的气泡生长过程。其次,根据理想气体体积定律与Hertz-Knudsen界面蒸发冷凝方程量化界面处水蒸气进入气泡的质量通量,并在此基础上建立气泡内压的控制方程。最后,求解获得了升温时油纸系统中气泡的生长曲线,并根据气泡生长时的受力分析得到了气泡脱离半径进而计算出气泡初始逸出温度(initial temperature of bubble escape,ITBE)。计算的气泡脱离半径与实验结果具有较好的一致性,此外预测的ITBE与实验结果的最小平均相对误差为1.11%。模型结果表明,纸中水分质量分数越高,气泡生长速度越快。而绝缘纸微观结构的变化主要通过影响气泡初始半径和气泡在界面处所受表面张力的大小,从而影响气泡的形成过程。展开更多
This paper presents analytical and numerical results of vapor bubble dynamics and acoustics in a variable pressure field.First,a classical model problem of bubble collapse due to sudden pressure increase is introduced...This paper presents analytical and numerical results of vapor bubble dynamics and acoustics in a variable pressure field.First,a classical model problem of bubble collapse due to sudden pressure increase is introduced.In this problem,the Rayleigh–Plesset equation is treated considering gas content,surface tension,and viscosity,displaying possible multiple expansion–compression cycles.Second,a similar investigation is conducted for the case when the bubble originates near the rounded leading edge of a thin and slightly curved foil at a small angle of attack.Mathematically the flow field around the foil is constructed using the method of matched asymptotic expansions.The outer flow past the hydrofoil is described by linear(small perturbations)theory,which furnishes closed-form solutions for any analytical foil.By stretching local coordinates inversely proportionally to the radius of curvature of the rounded leading edge,the inner flow problem is derived as that past a semi-infinite osculating parabola for any analytical foil with a rounded leading edge.Assuming that the pressure outside the bubble at any moment of time is equal to that at the corresponding point of the streamline,the dynamics problem of a vapor bubble is reduced to solving the Rayleigh-Plesset equation for the spherical bubble evolution in a time-dependent pressure field.For the case of bubble collapse in an adverse pressure field,the spectral parameters of the induced acoustic pressure impulses are determined similarly to equivalent triangular ones.The present analysis can be extended to 3D flows around wings and screw propellers.In this case,the outer expansion of the solution corresponds to a linear lifting surface theory,and the local inner flow remains quasi-2D in the planes normal to the planform contour of the leading edge of the wing(or screw propeller blade).Note that a typical bubble contraction time,ending up with its collapse,is very small compared to typical time of any variation in the flow.Therefore,the approach can also be applied to unsteady flow problems.展开更多
Cavitation bubble collapse has a great influence on the temperature of hydraulic oil. Herein, cone-type throttle valve experiments are carried out to study the thermodynamic processes of cavitation. First, the process...Cavitation bubble collapse has a great influence on the temperature of hydraulic oil. Herein, cone-type throttle valve experiments are carried out to study the thermodynamic processes of cavitation. First, the processes of growth and collapse are analysed, and the relationships between the hydraulic oil temperature and bubble growth and collapse are deduced. The effect of temperature is then considered on the hydraulic oil viscosity and saturated vapour pressure. Additionally, an improved form of the Rayleigh–Plesset equation is developed. The effect of cavitation on the hydraulic oil temperature is experimentally studied and the effects of cavitation bubble collapse in the hydraulic system are summarised. Using the cone-type throttle valve as an example, a method to suppress cavitation is proposed.展开更多
文摘油浸式变压器内部绕组的匝间纸绝缘受温度的影响会析出气泡,进而引发局部放电导致绝缘劣化。该文通过研究油纸界面的微观结构和气泡产生的物理过程,建立气泡演化的数值模型,结合气泡生长过程中的受力分析,得到了气泡在不同条件下的生长规律。首先,基于Rayleigh-Plesset方程建立油纸界面处由气泡内压强主导的气泡生长过程。其次,根据理想气体体积定律与Hertz-Knudsen界面蒸发冷凝方程量化界面处水蒸气进入气泡的质量通量,并在此基础上建立气泡内压的控制方程。最后,求解获得了升温时油纸系统中气泡的生长曲线,并根据气泡生长时的受力分析得到了气泡脱离半径进而计算出气泡初始逸出温度(initial temperature of bubble escape,ITBE)。计算的气泡脱离半径与实验结果具有较好的一致性,此外预测的ITBE与实验结果的最小平均相对误差为1.11%。模型结果表明,纸中水分质量分数越高,气泡生长速度越快。而绝缘纸微观结构的变化主要通过影响气泡初始半径和气泡在界面处所受表面张力的大小,从而影响气泡的形成过程。
基金Supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation as part of the World-class Research Center Program:Advanced Digital Technologies(contract No.075-15-2020-903 dated 16.11.2020).
文摘This paper presents analytical and numerical results of vapor bubble dynamics and acoustics in a variable pressure field.First,a classical model problem of bubble collapse due to sudden pressure increase is introduced.In this problem,the Rayleigh–Plesset equation is treated considering gas content,surface tension,and viscosity,displaying possible multiple expansion–compression cycles.Second,a similar investigation is conducted for the case when the bubble originates near the rounded leading edge of a thin and slightly curved foil at a small angle of attack.Mathematically the flow field around the foil is constructed using the method of matched asymptotic expansions.The outer flow past the hydrofoil is described by linear(small perturbations)theory,which furnishes closed-form solutions for any analytical foil.By stretching local coordinates inversely proportionally to the radius of curvature of the rounded leading edge,the inner flow problem is derived as that past a semi-infinite osculating parabola for any analytical foil with a rounded leading edge.Assuming that the pressure outside the bubble at any moment of time is equal to that at the corresponding point of the streamline,the dynamics problem of a vapor bubble is reduced to solving the Rayleigh-Plesset equation for the spherical bubble evolution in a time-dependent pressure field.For the case of bubble collapse in an adverse pressure field,the spectral parameters of the induced acoustic pressure impulses are determined similarly to equivalent triangular ones.The present analysis can be extended to 3D flows around wings and screw propellers.In this case,the outer expansion of the solution corresponds to a linear lifting surface theory,and the local inner flow remains quasi-2D in the planes normal to the planform contour of the leading edge of the wing(or screw propeller blade).Note that a typical bubble contraction time,ending up with its collapse,is very small compared to typical time of any variation in the flow.Therefore,the approach can also be applied to unsteady flow problems.
基金Projects(51505289,51275123)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Cavitation bubble collapse has a great influence on the temperature of hydraulic oil. Herein, cone-type throttle valve experiments are carried out to study the thermodynamic processes of cavitation. First, the processes of growth and collapse are analysed, and the relationships between the hydraulic oil temperature and bubble growth and collapse are deduced. The effect of temperature is then considered on the hydraulic oil viscosity and saturated vapour pressure. Additionally, an improved form of the Rayleigh–Plesset equation is developed. The effect of cavitation on the hydraulic oil temperature is experimentally studied and the effects of cavitation bubble collapse in the hydraulic system are summarised. Using the cone-type throttle valve as an example, a method to suppress cavitation is proposed.
基金supported by the State Key Program of the National Natural Science of China(Grant No.91852204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11772298).
