Drug susceptibility testing (DST) plays a pivotal role in TB patients’ management leading to the selection of most effective drugs. This study aimed to determine resistance patterns to first line anti-TB drugs in Myc...Drug susceptibility testing (DST) plays a pivotal role in TB patients’ management leading to the selection of most effective drugs. This study aimed to determine resistance patterns to first line anti-TB drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from re-treated patients from Sudan. A total of 239 sputum specimens were collected from smear positive re-treatment TB patients during the period from July 2009 to July 2010. Specimens were pre-treated according to Petroff method. The recovered isolates were tested for sensitivity to first line anti-TB drugs by the 1% proportion method. One hundred and forty three (143/239, 59.8%) mycobacterial isolates were successfully recovered. The majority (98.6%, 141/143) of the isolates were Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains. Two strains (2/143, 1.4%) were identified as RIF/INH-resistant MOTT, while fifty four isolates (38.3%, 54/141) were MDR. Multi- drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MDR-TB) among re-treatment patients from national referral centers for tuberculosis diagnosis and management was considerably high in the study isolates.展开更多
AIM: To determine risk factors of regression and undercorrection following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in myopia or myopic astigmatism. METHODS: A case -control study was designed in which eyes with an indicatio...AIM: To determine risk factors of regression and undercorrection following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in myopia or myopic astigmatism. METHODS: A case -control study was designed in which eyes with an indication for re-treatment (AT) were defined as cases; primary criteria for RT indication, as assessed at least 9mo postoperatively, included an uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of 20/30 or worse and a stable refraction for more than 3mo. Additional considerations included optical quality symptoms and significant higher order aberrations (HOAs). Controls were chosen from the same cohort of operated eyes which had complete post-operative follow up data beyond 9mo and did not need RT. The cohort included patients who had undergone PRK by the Tissue-Saving (TS) ablation profile of Technolas 217z100 excimer laser (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY, USA). Mitomycin C had been used in all of the primary procedures. RESULTS: We had 70 case eyes and 158 control eyes, and they were comparable in terms of age, sex and follow -up time (P values: 0.58, 1.00 and 0.89, respectively). Pre-operative spherical equivalent of more than -5.00 diopter (D), intended optical zone (OZ) diameter of less than 6.00 mm and ocular fixation instability during laser ablation were associated with AT indications (all P values <0.001). These factors maintained their significance in the multiple logistic regression model with odd ratios of 6.12, 6.71 and 7.89, respectively. CONCLUSION: Higher refractive correction (>-5.00 D), smaller OZ (<6.00 mm) and unstable fixation during laser ablation of PRK for myopia and myopic astigmatism were found to be strong predictors of undercorrection and regression.展开更多
文摘Drug susceptibility testing (DST) plays a pivotal role in TB patients’ management leading to the selection of most effective drugs. This study aimed to determine resistance patterns to first line anti-TB drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from re-treated patients from Sudan. A total of 239 sputum specimens were collected from smear positive re-treatment TB patients during the period from July 2009 to July 2010. Specimens were pre-treated according to Petroff method. The recovered isolates were tested for sensitivity to first line anti-TB drugs by the 1% proportion method. One hundred and forty three (143/239, 59.8%) mycobacterial isolates were successfully recovered. The majority (98.6%, 141/143) of the isolates were Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains. Two strains (2/143, 1.4%) were identified as RIF/INH-resistant MOTT, while fifty four isolates (38.3%, 54/141) were MDR. Multi- drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MDR-TB) among re-treatment patients from national referral centers for tuberculosis diagnosis and management was considerably high in the study isolates.
文摘AIM: To determine risk factors of regression and undercorrection following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in myopia or myopic astigmatism. METHODS: A case -control study was designed in which eyes with an indication for re-treatment (AT) were defined as cases; primary criteria for RT indication, as assessed at least 9mo postoperatively, included an uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of 20/30 or worse and a stable refraction for more than 3mo. Additional considerations included optical quality symptoms and significant higher order aberrations (HOAs). Controls were chosen from the same cohort of operated eyes which had complete post-operative follow up data beyond 9mo and did not need RT. The cohort included patients who had undergone PRK by the Tissue-Saving (TS) ablation profile of Technolas 217z100 excimer laser (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY, USA). Mitomycin C had been used in all of the primary procedures. RESULTS: We had 70 case eyes and 158 control eyes, and they were comparable in terms of age, sex and follow -up time (P values: 0.58, 1.00 and 0.89, respectively). Pre-operative spherical equivalent of more than -5.00 diopter (D), intended optical zone (OZ) diameter of less than 6.00 mm and ocular fixation instability during laser ablation were associated with AT indications (all P values <0.001). These factors maintained their significance in the multiple logistic regression model with odd ratios of 6.12, 6.71 and 7.89, respectively. CONCLUSION: Higher refractive correction (>-5.00 D), smaller OZ (<6.00 mm) and unstable fixation during laser ablation of PRK for myopia and myopic astigmatism were found to be strong predictors of undercorrection and regression.
