Design and Analysis of Fault Diagnosis and Fault-tolerant Control for a Class of MIMO Nonlinear State Systems

This paper presents a fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control algorithm,which can be used for a class of multi-input multi-output(MIMO)nonlinear state systems.First,a state estimator is proposed,which is able to detect fault occurrence,by using a residual signal.Second,when the state is at an abnormal condition,the fault-tolerant control will be triggered to minimize the impact of the fault occurrence.This fault-tolerant control is designed by using a robust controller(original controller),and an on-line approximator to capture a nonlinear function that indicates the fault occurrence.The detailed analysis is given for the proposed fault accommodation control.

Temperature fault-tolerant control system of CSTR with coil and jacket heat exchanger based on dual control and fault diagnosis

For the characteristics of the continuous stirred-tank reactor(CSTR) with coil and jacket cooling system,a CSTR temperature dual control solution based on the analysis of the CSTR exothermic reaction control characteristic was proposed for an organic material polymerization production.The control solution has passive fault-tolerant ability for the jacket cooling water cutting off fault and active fault-tolerant potential for the coil cooling water cutting off fault,and it has good control ability,high saving energy and reducing consumption performance.Fault detection and diagnosis and fault-tolerant control strategy are designed for the coil cooling fault to achieve the active fault-tolerant control function.The CSTR temperature dual control,process fault detection and diagnosis and active fault-tolerant control were full integrated into the CSTR temperature fault-tolerant control system,which achieve fault tolerance control of CSTR temperature for any severe malfunction of jacket cooling or coil cooling cutting off,and the security for CSTR exothermic reaction is improved.Finally,the effectiveness of this system was validated by semi-physical simulation experiment.

Robust fault detection and diagnosis for uncertain nonlinear systems

This paper considers robust fault detection and diagnosis for input uncertain nonlinear systems. It proposes a multi-objective fault detection criterion so that the fault residual is sensitive to the fault but insensitive to the uncertainty as much as possible. Then the paper solves the proposed criterion by maximizing the smallest singular value of the transformation from faults to fault detection residuals while minimizing the largest singular value of the transformation from input uncertainty to the fault detection residuals. This method is applied to an aircraft which has a fault in the left elevator or rudder. The simulation results show the proposed method can detect the control surface failures rapidly and efficiently.

Hybrid robust fault detection and isolation of satellite reaction wheel actuators

In this paper,a combined robust fault detection and isolation scheme is studied for satellite system subject to actuator faults,external disturbances,and parametric uncertainties.The proposed methodology incorporates a residual generation module,including a bank of filters,into an intelligent residual evaluation module.First,residual filters are designed based on an improved nonlinear differential algebraic approach so that they are not affected by external disturbances.The residual evaluation module is developed based on the suggested series and parallel forms.Further,a new ensemble classification scheme defined as blended learning integrates heterogeneous classifiers to enhance the performance.A wide range of simulations is carried out in a high-fidelity satellite simulator subject to the constant and time-varying actuator faults in the presence of disturbances,manoeuvres,uncertainties,and noises.The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust fault detection and isolation method compared to the traditional nonlinear differential algebraic approach.

SPC and Kalman filter-based fault detection and diagnosis for an air-cooled chiller

Buildings worldwide account for nearly 40%of global energy consumption.The biggest energy consumer in buildings is the heating,ventilation and air conditioning(HVAC)systems.In HVAC systems,chillers account for a major portion of the energy consumption.Maintaining chillers in good conditions through early fault detection and diagnosis is thus a critical issue.In this paper,the fault detection and diagnosis for an air-cooled chiller with air coming from outside in variable flow rates is studied.The problem is difficult since the air-cooled chiller is operating under major uncertainties including the cooling load,and the air temperature and flow rate.A potential method to overcome the difficulty caused by the uncertainties is to perform fault detection and diagnosis based on a gray-box model with parameters regarded as constants.The method is developed and verified by us in another paper for a water-cooled chiller with the uncertainty of cooling load.The verification used a Kalman filter to predict parameters of a gray-box model and statistical process control(SPC)for measuring and analyzing their variations for fault detection and diagnosis.The gray-box model in the method,however,requires that the air temperature and flow rate be nearly constant.By introducing two new parameters and deleting data points with low air flow rate,the requirement can be satisfied and the method can then be applicable for an air-cooled chiller.The simulation results show that the method with the revised model and some data points dropped improved the fault detection and diagnosis(FDD)performance greatly.It can detect both sudden and gradual air-cooled chiller capacity degradation and sensor faults as well as their recoveries.

A Survey on Fault Diagnosis and Fault Tolerant Methodologies for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

This paper presents a comprehensive survey of fault diagnosis and fault tolerant approaches for permanent magnet synchronous machines(PMSM).PMSMs are prominent in the pervading usage of electric motors,for their high efficiency,great robustness,reliability and low torque inertia.In spite of their extensive appliance,they can be quite non-resilient and inadequate in operation when faults appear in motor drive apparatus such as inverters,stator windings,sensors,etc.These may lead to insulation failure,torque fluctuations,overcurrent or even system collapse.On that account,fault diagnosis and fault tolerant methods are equipped to enhance the stability and robustness in PMSMs.Progressive methodologies of PMSM fault diagnosis and tolerance are classified,discussed,reviewed and compared in this paper,beginning with mat hematical modeling of PMSM and then scrutinizing various fault conditions in PMSMs.Finally,the scope of research on the topic is highlighted.The contribution of this review is to emphasize optimistic schemes and to assist researchers with the latest trends in this field for future directions.

液体火箭发动机健康监控技术研究进展

液体火箭发动机健康监控技术作为保障运载火箭安全、可靠发射的核心关键技术,经过几十年的发展,有力推动了航天事业的进步。介绍了液体火箭发动机健康监控技术中故障检测与诊断、容错控制与健康监控系统研制等技术的研究现状与发展趋势;梳理了健康监控领域面临的重难点问题,并提出相应的解决方案。分析展望了液体火箭发动机健康监控技术未来发展趋势,为从事火箭发动机健康监控技术研究的科研人员提供参考。

升压站智能安防与辅控系统设计

文章旨在探讨升压站智能安防与辅控系统的设计与实施。安防系统作为站点的第一道防线,借助摄像监控、入侵检测等技术手段,实现对站点的实时监测与警报触发。同时,辅控系统作为其关键组成部分,通过自动化控制与远程监控策略,实现对设备的实时控制与数据采集。通过整合智能安防与辅控系统,能够提高系统对各类参数的监测精度和运行稳定性,为相关研究人员提供一定的参考。

A review on fault-tolerant cooperative control of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles

This paper presents the recent developments in Fault-Tolerant Cooperative Control(FTCC)of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles(multi-UAVs).To facilitate the analyses of FTCC methods for multi-UAVs.the formation control strategies under fault-free flight conditions of multi-UAVs are first summarized and analyzed,including the leader-following,behavior-based,virtual structure,collision avoidance,algebraic graph-based,and close formation control methods,which are viewed as the cooperative control methods for multi-UAVs at the pre-fault stage.Then,by considering the various faults encountered by the multi-UAVs,the state-of-the-art developments on individual,leader-following,and distributed FTCC schemes for multi-UAVs are reviewed in detail.Finally,conclusions and challenging issues towards future developments are presented.

Fault-Tolerant Model Predictive Control of a Fixed-Wing UAV with Actuator Fault Estimation

The vast majority of today's agtering ayateas poas operational constsinta and have multiple inputa and outputa.This classifen them an Mults-Input Multi-Orutput(MIMO)ayn tena.This pape devekops a novel obeerver-hased fault diagnoas schene with the capability d simultaneoua state and actuator fault estimation for Linear Time-In ariant(LTI)MIMO aystenaa,which is then integrated with Model Predictive Control(MPC)method for achie ving fault-tolerant control.The application within this study is chosen to be the longitudinal flight control o a fixad-wing Unmanmed Aerial Vetücle(UAV).The oberver-based method is dom hüned with two MPC schemas to detect and compansate randomly oeeurring actuator faults in real time.The faults are modeled asa Lans Of Efkctiveess(LOE).For the first(dfident)MPCmethod,a simpke remnniguration can be perkormed in the esent of faulta,as it is based on a abaolute Input foemmlation.Howeve,as the seeond(integrd-action)MPC is based on a incamen tal input formulation,rconfiguration is notrequired,sinee this algorithm has&degrc of implicst fault tokeranee.Numerfcal simulationa danstrate the afetivens of the panposed approach for both MPC sebemes.

液压支架电液控制系统总线通信故障检测与诊断方法

通信系统是综采工作面液压支架电液控制系统信息传递的通道与桥梁,目前多采用CAN总线作为通信总线,易受井下复杂电磁环境的干扰,导致支架控制器内部通信硬件出现故障,造成控制器“失联”现象,且CAN总线通信系统采用多主通信模式,单台控制器“失联”将导致整个电液控制系统无法正常工作,造成安全隐患。设计了CAN通信保护电路,可使通信系统在较大负载情况下稳定运行,在复杂环境中具有较强的抗干扰性。基于CAN总线通信协议,结合令牌环网思想,提出了CAN总线通信故障检测与诊断方法,通过合理设计数据的帧结构与故障检测方式,弥补了CAN总线通信模式下节点丢失时难以定位的缺陷,并将增加数据长度对传输负载的影响降到最低,确保良好的通信性能。以2台端头控制器配合6台液压支架控制器组成环网,通过上位机不定时下发命令模拟井下实际操作时总线真实的负载情况,对液压支架电液控制系统总线通信故障检测与诊断方法进行实验验证,结果表明:该方法对系统负载率的影响较低,不会影响系统的正常运行;当出现故障节点时,可在300 ms内检测出故障控制器并向全工作面报警,故障排除率达100%。

Actuator Fault Monitoring and Fault Tolerant Control in Distillation Columns

This paper presents, from a practical viewpoint accommodation in distillation columns. Addressing faults in an investigation of real-time actuator fault detection, propagation and industrial processes, coupled with the growing demand for higher performance, improved safety and reliability necessitates implementation of less complex alternative control strategies in the events of malfunctions in actuators, sensors and or other system components. This work demonstrates frugality in the design and implementation of fault tolerant control system by integrating fault detection and diagnosis techniques with simple active restructurable feedback controllers and with backup feedback signals and switchable reference points to accommodate actuator fault in distillation columns based on a priori assessed control structures. A multivariate statistical process monitoring based fault detection and diagnosis technique through dynamic principal components analysis is integrated with one-point control or alternative control structure for prompt and effective fault detection, isolation and accommodation. The work also investigates effects of disturbances on fault propagation and detection. Specifically, the reflux and vapor boil-up control strategy used for a binary distillation column during normal operation is switched to one point control of the more valued product by utilizing the remaining healthy actuator. The proposed approach was implemented on two distillation processes： a simulated methanol-water separation column and the benchmark Shell standard heavy oil fractionation process to assess its effectiveness.

基于正负序分离的无轴承永磁同步电机位置传感器容错控制

无轴承永磁同步电机(Bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor,BPMSM)凭借无接触、无磨损的优异性能在工业生产中获得广泛应用,对旋转和悬浮的精确控制是保证其稳定运行的关键,需实时获取高精度的转子位置信息以实现切向力矩和径向悬浮力的解耦。为保证位置传感器故障情况下BPMSM稳定运行,文中提出一种基于正负序量分离的BPMSM传感器容错控制方案。首先,结合BPMSM数学模型,分析传感器故障对电机转矩和悬浮系统的影响。在此基础上,提出一种基于过零点检测的故障诊断函数,实时监测传感器信号故障。其次,引入旋转坐标系分析传感器信号中正序分量和负序分量的特征,分离出正序分量并提取其中的转子位置信息,构建位置检测容错系统完成故障信号到容错策略的切换,实现BPMSM在传感器故障情况下的稳定运行。最后,基于一台BPMSM实验样机对所提方案的有效性进行了充分的仿真与实验验证。

Active fault-tolerant tracking control of a quadrotor with model uncertainties and actuator faults

This paper presents a reliable active fault-tolerant tracking control system(AFTTCS) for actuator faults in a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle(QUAV). The proposed AFTTCS is designed based on a well-known model reference adaptive control(MRAC) framework that guarantees the global asymptotic stability of a QUAV system. To mitigate the negative impacts of model uncertainties and enhance system robustness, a radial basis function neural network is incorporated into the MRAC scheme for adaptively identifying the model uncertainties online and modifying the reference model. Meanwhile, actuator dynamics are considered to avoid undesirable performance degradation. Furthermore, a fault detection and diagnosis estimator is constructed to diagnose lossof-control-effectiveness faults in actuators. Based on the fault information, a fault compensation term is added to the control law to compensate for the adverse effects of actuator faults. Simulation results show that the proposed AFTTCS enables the QUAV to track the desired reference commands in the absence/presence of actuator faults with satisfactory performance.

电梯电气控制系统故障和检测方法

电梯是高层建筑必备的运输设备,若在运行中出现故障会严重威胁居民的人身安全。电气控制系统是电梯装置的主控机构,对电梯终端操控机构起到定向指令驱动效果,可以提高电梯运行的稳定性。电梯电气控制系统具有电气元器件多、故障隐患多等特点,开展电气系统故障诊断技术研究对减少电梯安全事故具有重要意义。研究介绍电梯电气控制系统的结构原理,总结控制系统的故障类型,并探讨相关检测方法与控制措施。

闭环系统故障诊断技术综述

本文着眼于闭环环境下动态系统中的故障诊断问题.介绍了目前闭环系统故障诊断的研究意义,特别关注了开闭环故障诊断的不同,并概述了现有的闭环系统故障诊断方法.通过仿真实验比较了典型开环系统和闭环系统中故障诊断的不同性能.最后探讨了闭环系统故障诊断研究中亟待解决的问题以及未来可能的研究方向.

开关磁阻电机功率变换器的故障诊断与容错策略

功率变换器是开关磁阻电机系统的中枢执行机构,也是系统中最容易出现故障的薄弱环节。本文分别从非线性模型仿真和实验两方面对不对称半桥功率变换器的单相故障进行了研究。基于傅里叶变换讨论了功率变换器故障后相电流频谱的变化规律,提出了相对谱比系数的概念,并将其作为故障特征量以实现功率变换器的故障检测。通过对比不同工况条件下的实验结果,分析说明了相对谱比系数具有良好的鲁棒性。最后给出了一种变角度容错方案,有效降低故障相产生的制动转矩,提高系统的可靠性能。实验结果验证了该文故障诊断与容错方案的有效性。

未知环境中移动机器人故障诊断与容错控制技术综述

以我国月球探测为研究背景,以轮式移动机器人为研究对象,介绍了在外星球表面等未知环境中进行深空探测的移动机器人的故障模型和传感器误差模型,分析了未知环境中移动机器人故障诊断与容错控制的特点.在此基础上综述了国内外在该领域的研究进展和主要方法,包括基于多模型的方法、基于粒子滤波器的方法、基于传感器信息融合的方法以及层次容错结构等.最后,总结了该领域待解决的几个难点问题,并对该研究领域的发展趋势进行了展望.

控制系统故障诊断的理论与技术

阐述了控制系统故障诊断技术的研究现状 ,将现有的各种故障诊断方法分为三类 :( 1 )基于系统动态数学模型的方法 ;( 2 )基于信号处理的方法 ;( 3)基于知识的方法。介绍了 ( 1 )的特点和当前的研究动态 ,指出鲁棒残差设计和对非线性系统的诊断是其关键和难点 ;对 ( 2 )中近年来发展的几种诊断方法作了评述。该类方法易于实现 ,适合故障检测 ,对故障分析较弱 ;简述了 ( 3)中典型故障诊断方法的优缺点及应用方式等 ,其目前的研究趋向于多种方法的有机结合。最后指出了该领域有待进一步研究的主要问题和发展趋势。