Writer/reader(W/R) visibility is regarded as an important indicator of personal involvement. Previous studies concluded that EFL learners tend to contains more personal involvement than native speakers in their writin...Writer/reader(W/R) visibility is regarded as an important indicator of personal involvement. Previous studies concluded that EFL learners tend to contains more personal involvement than native speakers in their writing, making it resemble spoken language as a result. Therefore, this paper examines the degree of W/R visibility in English writing by university-level Chinese learners to verify the applicability of the previous findings on Chinese learners. Based on the data collected in the corpora CLEC,WECCL and LOCNESS, the results show that Chinese EFL learners have the tendency to employ more features of W/R visibility than native speakers, for example the high use of first or second person reference and words that represent mental process. Besides, the paper also reveals little distinction on W/R visibility between English and non-English majors, suggesting the inefficiency of the writing ability of today's English majors.展开更多
金融IC卡在广州地铁自动售检票系统的应用,利用联机交易中卡片脱机认证过程与后台联机分异步完成的原理,创新性地提出脱机数据认证(offline data authentication,ODA)交易方案。在既有清分系统上建立金融IC卡交易管理平台,实现数据处理...金融IC卡在广州地铁自动售检票系统的应用,利用联机交易中卡片脱机认证过程与后台联机分异步完成的原理,创新性地提出脱机数据认证(offline data authentication,ODA)交易方案。在既有清分系统上建立金融IC卡交易管理平台,实现数据处理;金融IC卡等金融产品通过地铁专用网络把交易记录传送至清分中心,再由清分中心传送至金融IC卡交易管理平台,以处理相应的金融IC卡等金融产品的交易数据,最后根据相关接口和通信协议通过银联专用网络组织报文实现金融IC卡等相关金融产品的扣款交易。目前,广州地铁已在全线网开通受理金融IC卡,无论是本地市民还是外地游客,只要持具有银联"闪付"标识的信用卡即可刷卡过闸,进一步提升支付和出行的便捷性。展开更多
文摘Writer/reader(W/R) visibility is regarded as an important indicator of personal involvement. Previous studies concluded that EFL learners tend to contains more personal involvement than native speakers in their writing, making it resemble spoken language as a result. Therefore, this paper examines the degree of W/R visibility in English writing by university-level Chinese learners to verify the applicability of the previous findings on Chinese learners. Based on the data collected in the corpora CLEC,WECCL and LOCNESS, the results show that Chinese EFL learners have the tendency to employ more features of W/R visibility than native speakers, for example the high use of first or second person reference and words that represent mental process. Besides, the paper also reveals little distinction on W/R visibility between English and non-English majors, suggesting the inefficiency of the writing ability of today's English majors.
文摘金融IC卡在广州地铁自动售检票系统的应用,利用联机交易中卡片脱机认证过程与后台联机分异步完成的原理,创新性地提出脱机数据认证(offline data authentication,ODA)交易方案。在既有清分系统上建立金融IC卡交易管理平台,实现数据处理;金融IC卡等金融产品通过地铁专用网络把交易记录传送至清分中心,再由清分中心传送至金融IC卡交易管理平台,以处理相应的金融IC卡等金融产品的交易数据,最后根据相关接口和通信协议通过银联专用网络组织报文实现金融IC卡等相关金融产品的扣款交易。目前,广州地铁已在全线网开通受理金融IC卡,无论是本地市民还是外地游客,只要持具有银联"闪付"标识的信用卡即可刷卡过闸,进一步提升支付和出行的便捷性。
