Background: “Online Receipt Computer Advantage” (ORCA) surveillance, an online medical claim service produced and provided freely to medical facilities by the Japan Medical Association, has been available for public...Background: “Online Receipt Computer Advantage” (ORCA) surveillance, an online medical claim service produced and provided freely to medical facilities by the Japan Medical Association, has been available for public use since 2010. However, its preciseness has not been evaluated. The object of the present study is comparison with ORCA surveillance and prescription surveillance (PS), which is the most reliable daily surveillance for influenza nationwide in Japan, and evaluating preciseness of ORCA surveillance. Method: We specifically examined influenza as a targeted disease. We regarded PS as the gold standard daily real-time monitoring system for influenza nationwide and for each prefecture. This study assesses correlation and discrepancies between ORCA and PS results for influenza nationwide and by prefecture. Results: Nationwide, the correlation coefficient of PS and ORCA was 0.9653;the discrepancy rate was 27%. Among prefectures, results show that Mie and Fukui prefectures had two quite similar epidemic curves. Conclusion: Results demonstrate that ORCA surveillance is comparable to PS nationwide. However, some prefectures exhibited comparable results whereas others did not. ORCA surveillance cannot break down to the municipal level.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the use of Real-Time PCR system based on specific amplification of matrix protein gene fragment for influenza A virus RNA detection in cloacal swabs from wild birds.Methods:Sensitivity,specificit...Objective:To evaluate the use of Real-Time PCR system based on specific amplification of matrix protein gene fragment for influenza A virus RNA detection in cloacal swabs from wild birds.Methods:Sensitivity,specificity and reproducibility of analysis results were identified. Study of cloacal swabs from wild birds for influenza A virus presence was performed.Results: Reproducibility of low concentrations of virus detection in samples by Real-Time PCR was significantly higher than that of detection based on cytopathic effect of viruses grown on MDCK cell culture.Conclusions:Real-Time PCR system for influenza A virus RNA detection is developed and applied for virus surveillance study.展开更多
Constant traffic congestion consumes enormous amounts of energy and causes vastly increased journey times. Therefore, real-time traffic information is of great importance to the public because such information is inva...Constant traffic congestion consumes enormous amounts of energy and causes vastly increased journey times. Therefore, real-time traffic information is of great importance to the public because such information is invaluable to more efficient traffic control and travel planning. To obtain such information in metropolises like Shanghai, however, is very challenging due to the extraordinarily large scale and com- plexity of the underlying road network. In this paper, we pro- pose a novel traffic estimation scheme utilizing surveillance cameras pervasively deployed in cities. With only a limited number of roads with cameras, we adopt a measurement- based traffic matrix （TM） estimation method to infer the traf- fic conditions on those roads with no cameras. Extensively trace-driven simulations as well as field study results show that our scheme can achieve high accuracy with a very limited number of measurements. The accuracy of our measurement- based algorithm outperforms the traditional speed-based and model-based approaches by up to 50%.展开更多
Automated live video stream analytics has been extensively researched in recent times.Most of the traditional methods for video anomaly detection is supervised and use a single classifier to identify an anomaly in a f...Automated live video stream analytics has been extensively researched in recent times.Most of the traditional methods for video anomaly detection is supervised and use a single classifier to identify an anomaly in a frame.We propose a 3-stage ensemble-based unsupervised deep reinforcement algorithm with an underlying Long Short Term Memory(LSTM)based Recurrent Neural Network(RNN).In the first stage,an ensemble of LSTM-RNNs are deployed to generate the anomaly score.The second stage uses the least square method for optimal anomaly score generation.The third stage adopts award-based reinforcement learning to update the model.The proposed Hybrid Ensemble RR Model was tested on standard pedestrian datasets UCSDPed1,USDPed2.The data set has 70 videos in UCSD Ped1 and 28 videos in UCSD Ped2 with a total of 18560 frames.Since a real-time stream has strict memory constraints and storage issues,a simple computing machine does not suffice in performing analytics with stream data.Hence the proposed research is designed to work on a GPU(Graphics Processing Unit),TPU(Tensor Processing Unit)supported framework.As shown in the experimental results section,recorded observations on framelevel EER(Equal Error Rate)and AUC(Area Under Curve)showed a 9%reduction in EER in UCSD Ped1,a 13%reduction in ERR in UCSD Ped2 and a 4%improvement in accuracy in both datasets.展开更多
International movement plays an important role in spatial spread of infectious diseases.Here,we share two successful COVID-19 interventions based on real-time digital information collected from international passenger...International movement plays an important role in spatial spread of infectious diseases.Here,we share two successful COVID-19 interventions based on real-time digital information collected from international passengers,which have been performed in Greece and China respectively.Both of the interventions demonstrated good performance and showed the potential of real-time digital data in containing the spread.However,several key points should not be ignored when we promote similar strategies.展开更多
Background:Efforts to control and eliminate schistosomiasis have accelerated over the past decade.As parasite burden,associated morbidity and egg excretion decrease,diagnosis with standard parasitological methods beco...Background:Efforts to control and eliminate schistosomiasis have accelerated over the past decade.As parasite burden,associated morbidity and egg excretion decrease,diagnosis with standard parasitological methods becomes harder.We assessed the robustness and performance of a real-time PCR(qPCR)approach in comparison with urine filtration microscopy and reagent strip testing for the diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium infections of different intensities.Methods:The robustness of DNA isolation and qPCR was validated in eight laboratories from Europe and Africa.Subsequently,792 urine samples collected during cross-sectional surveys of the Zanzibar Elimination of Schistosomiasis Transmission(ZEST)project in 2012-2017 were examined with qPCR in 2018.Diagnostic sensitivity of the qPCR was calculated at different infection intensity categories,using urine filtration microscopy as reference test.Spearman's rank correlation between Ct-values and S.haematobium egg counts was assessed and Ct-value percentiles for infection intensity categories determined.Results:S.haematobium Dra1 DNA-positive samples were identified correctly in all eight laboratories.Examination of urine samples from Zanzibar revealed Dra1 DNA in 26.8%(212/792)by qPCR,S.haematobium eggs in 13.3%(105/792)by urine filtration,and microhaematuria in 13.8%(109/792)by reagent strips.Sensitivity of the qPCR increased with augmenting egg counts:80.6%(29/36)for counts between 1 and 4 eggs,83.3%(15/18)for counts between 5 and 9 eggs,100%(23/23)for counts between 10 and 49 eggs,and 96.4%(27/28)for counts of 50+eggs.There was a significant negative correlation between Ct-values and egg counts(Spearman's rho=-0.49,P<0.001).Seventy-five percent of the Ct-values were≥33 in the egg-negative category,<31 in the light intensity category,and<24 in the heavy intensity category.Conclusions:While the sensitiivity of the qPCR was^80%for very light intensity infections(egg counts<10),in general,the Dra1 based qPCR assay detected twice as many S.haematobium infections compared with classical parasitological tests.The qPCR is hence a sensitive,urine-based approach for S.haernatcbium diagnosis that can be used for impact assessment of schistosomiasis elimination programmes,individual diagnosis,and in improved format also for verification and certification of elimination.Trial registration:ISRCTN,ISRCTN48837681.Registered 05 September 2012-Retrospectively registered.展开更多
文摘Background: “Online Receipt Computer Advantage” (ORCA) surveillance, an online medical claim service produced and provided freely to medical facilities by the Japan Medical Association, has been available for public use since 2010. However, its preciseness has not been evaluated. The object of the present study is comparison with ORCA surveillance and prescription surveillance (PS), which is the most reliable daily surveillance for influenza nationwide in Japan, and evaluating preciseness of ORCA surveillance. Method: We specifically examined influenza as a targeted disease. We regarded PS as the gold standard daily real-time monitoring system for influenza nationwide and for each prefecture. This study assesses correlation and discrepancies between ORCA and PS results for influenza nationwide and by prefecture. Results: Nationwide, the correlation coefficient of PS and ORCA was 0.9653;the discrepancy rate was 27%. Among prefectures, results show that Mie and Fukui prefectures had two quite similar epidemic curves. Conclusion: Results demonstrate that ORCA surveillance is comparable to PS nationwide. However, some prefectures exhibited comparable results whereas others did not. ORCA surveillance cannot break down to the municipal level.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the use of Real-Time PCR system based on specific amplification of matrix protein gene fragment for influenza A virus RNA detection in cloacal swabs from wild birds.Methods:Sensitivity,specificity and reproducibility of analysis results were identified. Study of cloacal swabs from wild birds for influenza A virus presence was performed.Results: Reproducibility of low concentrations of virus detection in samples by Real-Time PCR was significantly higher than that of detection based on cytopathic effect of viruses grown on MDCK cell culture.Conclusions:Real-Time PCR system for influenza A virus RNA detection is developed and applied for virus surveillance study.
文摘Constant traffic congestion consumes enormous amounts of energy and causes vastly increased journey times. Therefore, real-time traffic information is of great importance to the public because such information is invaluable to more efficient traffic control and travel planning. To obtain such information in metropolises like Shanghai, however, is very challenging due to the extraordinarily large scale and com- plexity of the underlying road network. In this paper, we pro- pose a novel traffic estimation scheme utilizing surveillance cameras pervasively deployed in cities. With only a limited number of roads with cameras, we adopt a measurement- based traffic matrix （TM） estimation method to infer the traf- fic conditions on those roads with no cameras. Extensively trace-driven simulations as well as field study results show that our scheme can achieve high accuracy with a very limited number of measurements. The accuracy of our measurement- based algorithm outperforms the traditional speed-based and model-based approaches by up to 50%.
文摘Automated live video stream analytics has been extensively researched in recent times.Most of the traditional methods for video anomaly detection is supervised and use a single classifier to identify an anomaly in a frame.We propose a 3-stage ensemble-based unsupervised deep reinforcement algorithm with an underlying Long Short Term Memory(LSTM)based Recurrent Neural Network(RNN).In the first stage,an ensemble of LSTM-RNNs are deployed to generate the anomaly score.The second stage uses the least square method for optimal anomaly score generation.The third stage adopts award-based reinforcement learning to update the model.The proposed Hybrid Ensemble RR Model was tested on standard pedestrian datasets UCSDPed1,USDPed2.The data set has 70 videos in UCSD Ped1 and 28 videos in UCSD Ped2 with a total of 18560 frames.Since a real-time stream has strict memory constraints and storage issues,a simple computing machine does not suffice in performing analytics with stream data.Hence the proposed research is designed to work on a GPU(Graphics Processing Unit),TPU(Tensor Processing Unit)supported framework.As shown in the experimental results section,recorded observations on framelevel EER(Equal Error Rate)and AUC(Area Under Curve)showed a 9%reduction in EER in UCSD Ped1,a 13%reduction in ERR in UCSD Ped2 and a 4%improvement in accuracy in both datasets.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaScientific and Technological Innovation 2030-Major Project of New Generation Artificial Intelligence(Grant No.2021zD0111201)+4 种基金National Key Program of Research and Development(Grant No.2022YFC2303803)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82073616 and 32170418)Beijing Advanced Innovation Program for Land Surface Science(Grant No.110631111)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2021NTST17)Research on Key Technologies of Plague Prevention and Control in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grant No.2021ZD0006).
文摘International movement plays an important role in spatial spread of infectious diseases.Here,we share two successful COVID-19 interventions based on real-time digital information collected from international passengers,which have been performed in Greece and China respectively.Both of the interventions demonstrated good performance and showed the potential of real-time digital data in containing the spread.However,several key points should not be ignored when we promote similar strategies.
基金This study received financial support from Innosuisse(project 18553.2 PFLS-LS)from the University of Georgia Research Foundation Inc.,which is funded by the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation for the Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation(SCORE)projects(prime award no.50816,sub-award no.RR374–053/4893206)+1 种基金SK received financial support by sub-award no.RR374–053/4893196 and via direct grants from the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation(Investment IDs:OPP1191423 and OPP1198086)FA received financial support from the Wellcome Trust(SCAN Project 104958/Z/14/Z).
文摘Background:Efforts to control and eliminate schistosomiasis have accelerated over the past decade.As parasite burden,associated morbidity and egg excretion decrease,diagnosis with standard parasitological methods becomes harder.We assessed the robustness and performance of a real-time PCR(qPCR)approach in comparison with urine filtration microscopy and reagent strip testing for the diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium infections of different intensities.Methods:The robustness of DNA isolation and qPCR was validated in eight laboratories from Europe and Africa.Subsequently,792 urine samples collected during cross-sectional surveys of the Zanzibar Elimination of Schistosomiasis Transmission(ZEST)project in 2012-2017 were examined with qPCR in 2018.Diagnostic sensitivity of the qPCR was calculated at different infection intensity categories,using urine filtration microscopy as reference test.Spearman's rank correlation between Ct-values and S.haematobium egg counts was assessed and Ct-value percentiles for infection intensity categories determined.Results:S.haematobium Dra1 DNA-positive samples were identified correctly in all eight laboratories.Examination of urine samples from Zanzibar revealed Dra1 DNA in 26.8%(212/792)by qPCR,S.haematobium eggs in 13.3%(105/792)by urine filtration,and microhaematuria in 13.8%(109/792)by reagent strips.Sensitivity of the qPCR increased with augmenting egg counts:80.6%(29/36)for counts between 1 and 4 eggs,83.3%(15/18)for counts between 5 and 9 eggs,100%(23/23)for counts between 10 and 49 eggs,and 96.4%(27/28)for counts of 50+eggs.There was a significant negative correlation between Ct-values and egg counts(Spearman's rho=-0.49,P<0.001).Seventy-five percent of the Ct-values were≥33 in the egg-negative category,<31 in the light intensity category,and<24 in the heavy intensity category.Conclusions:While the sensitiivity of the qPCR was^80%for very light intensity infections(egg counts<10),in general,the Dra1 based qPCR assay detected twice as many S.haematobium infections compared with classical parasitological tests.The qPCR is hence a sensitive,urine-based approach for S.haernatcbium diagnosis that can be used for impact assessment of schistosomiasis elimination programmes,individual diagnosis,and in improved format also for verification and certification of elimination.Trial registration:ISRCTN,ISRCTN48837681.Registered 05 September 2012-Retrospectively registered.
