UN system efforts to support the response to AIDS in China

In the last two years, we have seen a remarkable intensification in the response to AIDS in China. A number of organizations have joined and contributed to the efforts of the Chinese government in responding the AIDS epidemic in China. This article specifically describes the role of the United Nations in supporting and strengthening those responses. Achievements of the United Nations （UN） highlighted in the article include： strengthened leadership and political commitment to respond to AIDS; improved HIV/AIDS surveillance and information; expanded prevention efforts; improved treatment, care and support to people living with HIV and increased resources for AIDS programs. Additional roles of the United Nations system in the near future include strengthening national leadership by supporting the ‘three ones＇, i. e., one national plan on AIDS; one national coordinating authority for AIDS; and one monitoring and evaluation system for AIDS. In addition, the UN system is expected to strengthen alignment and harmonization of activities of all international organizations and improved accountability and oversight. Remaining challenges identified include increasing awareness of AIDS and reducing stigma and discrimination; reducing vulnerability and risk behaviour among specific groups; providing improved treatment, care and support for people living with HIV; promoting stronger engagement by civil society, and; addressing the gender dimensions of AIDS.

Preparedness training programs improved the emergency response and crucial outcomes among nursing students:a scoping review

Objective:The study aims to review and discuss the outcomes of emergency preparedness training programs among nursing students.Methods:A scoping review was conducted based on the guidelines of Arskey and O’Malley.Databases through PubMed,Science Direct,and Google Scholar were used to obtain the relevant articles within the scoping review.Results:The researchers found 1175 articles.After manual review,28 articles were identified and assessed.The review reported that the emergency preparedness training program significantly affects preparedness,knowledge,performance,self-efficacy,learning motivation,self-confidence,satisfaction,critical decision-making,and problem-solving.Conclusions:Emergency training effectively increases knowledge,skills,confidence,satisfaction,and team performance.

Frequency Response Computation and Error Analyses

Aim To derive the error formulae for the algorithm of frequency response computation. Methods This algorithm was introduced theoretically, the error sources of the algorithm were analyzed and the formulae of the main error were derived. Results The repeatability and stability of the processing results of the algorithm are better than those measured by 1250 Frequency Analysor. Conclusion The error formulae derived are theoretically right and practically valid.

HIV/AIDS疫苗研究概况

人类控制HIV感染长远的目标是发展安全、有效、廉价的HIV AIDS疫苗。但经 2 0多年的努力 ,人类探索HIV AIDS疫苗之路仍在继续。分析了疫苗研究的复杂性和发展HIV AIDS疫苗过程中所面临的挑战 ,并对发展HIV AIDS疫苗的可能性从实验和临床方面进行了阐述。同时结合HIV感染的免疫应答原理对现有的各种HIV AIDS疫苗研究策略作一综述 ,并根据以往HIV AIDS疫苗研究的经验和教训提出未来疫苗的发展思路及展望。

建立AIDS第二代监测的全国网络系统

目的 摸清各地高危人群的数量和感染率基数 ,预测出艾滋病 (AIDS)的流行趋势。方法 以目前的疾病预防控制系统为基础 ,成立 (区县 )级AIDS第二代监测中心 ,建立以 (区县 )、地区 (市 )、省、国家级为框架的AIDS第二代监测全国网络系统。对暗娼人群的行为监测 ,采用“深入社区访谈 ,实行‘片医’责任制”工作模式。针对暗娼人群的高度流动性 ,建立以籍贯、出生日期和文化程度为数字组合的全国统一的个人代码。

责任制护理对艾滋病住院患者舒适感、心理负担的影响

目的 探讨责任制护理对艾滋病住院患者舒适感、心理负担的影响,以期为临床完善护理方案提供思路。方法 选取我院2021年10月至2022年12月78例艾滋病住院患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和研究组,各39例。对照组接受常规护理,研究组在对照组基础上加用责任制护理。比较两组的舒适状况量表(GCQ)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、艾滋病生活质量量表(MOS-HIV)评分及护理满意度。结果 干预后,研究组的GCQ、GSES评分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,研究组的SAS、SDS评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,研究组的消极应对评分低于对照组,积极应对、MOS-HIV评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,研究组的护理满意度为94.87%,高于对照组的69.23%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 责任制护理可提升艾滋病住院患者的舒适度、自我效能感、应对方式、生活质量及护理满意度,减轻心理负担。

AIDS疫苗的研究策略及其进展

随着艾滋病发病率增长,严重威胁着人类生命。因而,研制和发展HIV疫苗是人类抑制和消灭HIV感染的必要手段,该文综述了HIV疫苗迄今所实施的各种研究策略。

Verification and validation of hearing aids:Opportunity not an obstacle

Verification and validation are objective and subjective measurements of hearing aid function. Many studies have provided rationales for performing these measurements as necessary for hearing aid practitioners to provide the highest level of care. Several researchers have suggested that completing these measurements as part of routine clinical care will reduce the number of return visits, reduce the number of aids returned for credit, and increase patient satisfaction. The purpose of this review article is to provide background, method and rationale for practitioners to use these measurements to improve their practice of hearing healthcare.

Analysis of Funding Allocated to the Fight against HIV/AIDS in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 2008 to 2017

On the basis of the documentary analysis and interview, we noted that the total funds in the four interventions whose identified axes made it possible to know how the resources mobilized for the AIDS response were distributed during the period of 2008 to 2017. These funds are distributed as follows: Treatment: 1,016,982,472 USD;Prevention: 302,542,391 USD;Governance: 459,246,584 USD;Mitigation of the impact: 115,757,443 USD. It should be noted that the analysis of resource allocations by component during the period 2008 to 2017 reveals significant disparities. Indeed, it was noted that the treatment component has received significant funding compared to the other components. It is followed by governance, prevention and impact mitigation which happens to be the component that received less funding compared to the other four (4) components.

Antigen Gene Cloning and Expression of HIV-1 for AIDS Vaccine Design Ⅲ. HIV-1 Antigen Gene Cloning, in Vitro Expression and Antibody Induction

Objective: To evaluate the humoral immune induction in rats of a candidate AIDS vaccine expressing the gag p24 gene froma subtype B HIV-1 isolate. Methods: The amplified p24 gene was inserted into aneukaryotic expression vector to form the supercoiled DNAvaccine. The linearized expressed DNA vaccine was preparedfrom the expression plasmid by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The antigen gene expression in rats of the linearizedand supercoiled DNA vaccines were in vitro and in vivodetected. Results: In vitro transcription and Northern hybridizationshowed that the linearized DNA vaccine could synthesizeamounts or p24 mRNA similar to the supercoiled DNA vaccine.Antibody assays of inoculated rats confirmed that thelinearized expression DNA could induce a slightly higherantibody titer than the expression plasmid, while the highestautibody titer had been induced by plasmid plus adjuvantinoculation. Conclusion: The construction of a candidate AIDS vaccinebased on the p24 gene could shed light on a potential IV vaccine, meriting evaluation in a rhesus macaque SHIV-AIDSmodel.

耳蜗基膜响应随强度灵敏度衰减的畸变

听力衰退的一个直接表现是听觉强度感知灵敏度下降,听觉阈限提高。为探索与此相伴影响语音感知清晰度的耳蜗听觉信息表达的其他变化,改善助听器听力康复效果,本研究通过动物实验观察了耳蜗基膜振动在强度响应灵敏度下降时的其他响应特征变化。结果显示,随着耳蜗振动幅度响应灵敏度的下降,耳蜗基膜振动幅度随激励声压的增长从非线性渐趋于线性;基膜振动的频率成分中组合频率成分幅度逐渐减小,直至消失;基膜调谐曲线逐渐钝化,调谐频率逐渐向高频偏移。

生成式人工智能在急救领域的研发与应用

生成式人工智能(AIGC)是基于现有数据生成新颖内容的人工智能,是人工智能由1.0时代进入2.0时代的重要标志,已成为全球最为热门的人工智能科技领域之一,越来越多的企业和机构开始投入资金、人力和资源,积极研究和应用人工智能技术。生成式人工智能的快速发展,大幅提升了搜索、查询的效率和准确率,在此基础上逐渐催生了众多应用,使应用进入语义计算时代。急救热线存在语义快速计算的痛点,文中结合急救领域与AIGC技术,解决了急救领域的一些关键问题,如突发事件以后急救资源严重不足(受理能力不足)、咨询热占比线过高、急救问诊问题等,为院前急救提供一种可行的解决方案。

计算机辅助肝脏三维重建技术在肝癌患者围术期健康教育中的应用

目的:探讨计算机辅助肝脏三维重建技术在肝癌患者围术期健康教育中的应用效果。方法:选取2020年2月1日~2023年2月28日100例行肝肿瘤根治性切除术患者随机分为对照组和研究组各50例,对照组行常规围术期健康教育,研究组使用计算机辅助肝脏三维重建技术进行围术期健康教育;比较两组干预前后健康知识掌握情况、心理状态及应激反应指标。结果:两组术前1 h健康知识问卷评分高于入院次日(P<0.05)、焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)评分低于入院次日(P<0.05),研究组术前1 h健康知识问卷评分高于对照组(P<0.05)、HADS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。重复测量整体分析结果显示,去甲肾上腺素(NE)组间、时间点及交互作用差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前1 h、手术开始30 min、术后1 h,研究组NE及COR水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。术前1 h、手术开始30 min、术后1 h,两组患者NE及COR水平均高于入院次日(P<0.05);手术开始30 min,两组患者NE及COR水平高于术前1 h(P<0.05);术后1 h,两组患者NE及COR水平低于手术开始30 min(P<0.05)。结论:使用计算机辅助肝脏三维重建技术辅助围术期健康教育可有效提升肝癌患者的健康知识掌握程度,改善不良心理状态,降低应激反应。

“权威—互助—责任”分析框架下党建引领乡村治理的行动伦理——对浙江省湖州市N区的考察

“政党下乡”以来,“党建形式优化”“党建势能转化”“乡村治理实践”构成党建引领乡村治理的完整过程。基于客观治理结构与政党治理价值的双重作用,从行动伦理视角出发,构建“权威—互助—责任”框架,通过对浙北N区乡村转型的现实案例分析,得出“互助—责任”“权威—互助”“责任—权威”的行动伦理机制,分别指引着基层党组织完成党建联建机制设计、治理共同体构建、村民生产生活转型,最终实现乡村生活、生产秩序重塑,由此形成关于党建引领乡村治理行动的系统认知。

运用限制性立方样条分析老年HIV/AIDS患者CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数与死亡的剂量-反应关系

目的 探讨老年HIV/AIDS患者CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数对死亡的剂量-反应关系。方法 使用“艾滋病综合防治信息系统”收集河南某地区2003年10月—2021年10月期间60岁HIV/AIDS患者信息,对满足纳入标准的HIV/AIDS患者随访10年或者至2021年10月或者死亡。采用寿命表法计算老年HIV/AIDS患者死亡密度、Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,限制性立方样条(RCS)模型分析CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数对死亡的剂量-反应关系。结果 纳入分析1 670例60岁HIV/AIDS患者,共随访10 816人年,死亡586例,死亡密度为5.40/100人年。RCS模型结果显示,老年HIV/AIDS患者CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数与死亡之间呈现非线性关系,CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞较低时患者死亡风险较大,CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞>200个/μL时,死亡风险曲线趋于平缓。结论 CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞计数<200个/μL是老年HIV/AIDS患者死亡风险升高的重要节点,建议密切关注此类人群,提高老年HIV/AIDS患者生活质量,降低其病死率。

艾滋病感染信息配偶告知中的伦理问题探析

艾滋病感染者和病人有将感染信息及时告知配偶的义务,但部分感染者和病人会以隐私保护或告知后可能面临困难为由拒绝履行,这是对避免将疾病传播给他人责任的回避,也会造成维护伦理关系名义下对关系的破坏。因而需要允许保密原则的合理例外,赋予医疗卫生机构告知权限。这一赋权带来的受益大于风险,同时也作为感染者和病人自律的制约与补充,以及信息弱势群体权益的保障。在告知举措上,需要注重伦理管理,完善相关政策措施;回应感染者和病人的生活逻辑,采取人性化告知方式;同时告知与宣传并重,减少歧视感染者和病人的舆论环境。

罗伊氏粘液乳杆菌HCS02-001培养方法优化及改善睡眠功能研究

为了优化罗伊氏粘液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus reuteri)HCS02-001的培养方法,并探究其助睡眠功能,以γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)的产量为考察指标,通过单因素实验、响应面实验和小鼠实验进行条件筛选和功能评价。在培养温度37℃,培养时间24 h,初始pH 6.5时,罗伊氏粘液乳杆菌的GABA产量为5.58 g·L^(-1)。直接睡眠实验中小鼠均未出现直接睡眠现象,延长戊巴比妥钠催眠小鼠的睡眠时间实验中,高剂量组的小鼠睡眠时间有效延长,戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量催眠实验结果显示高剂量组的小鼠入睡率高达40%,巴比妥那睡眠潜伏期实验显示高剂量组的小鼠减少了睡眠潜伏期,可与巴比妥钠协同发挥作用。结果表明罗伊氏粘液乳杆菌HCS02-001具备助睡眠的作用。

响应面法优化CTAB-APAM复合助滤剂强化煤泥脱水效果

基于响应曲面法(RSM)的中心复合设计法(CCD)进行了试验设计,以阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)浓度和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)浓度为影响因素,研究其对滤饼水分、滤饼比阻及过滤速度的影响。单因素试验表明,APAM和CTAB分别能将滤饼水分降至28.93%和28.29%;响应曲面法试验结果表明,APAM浓度和CTAB浓度对煤泥的滤饼水分影响显著,对滤饼比阻及过滤速度影响极显著;两者交互作用对3个响应因素均具有显著影响。由此建立的回归模型,相关系数R2均大于0.97,表明模型的拟合性良好;在此基础上对复合助滤剂的配比进行了优化:当APAM浓度为70.879 g/t,CTAB的浓度为724.005 g/t时,实测滤饼水分为26.28%,优于单一助滤剂的脱水效果。研究结果优化了复合助滤剂的配比,进一步提高了煤泥脱水效果。

援外建筑在地性设计策略分析研究--以援吉尔吉斯斯坦奥什外科医院项目为例

结合援吉尔吉斯斯坦奥什外科医院项目设计实践,通过该项目对“在地性”设计概念的引入,从自然环境、社会环境和时代性三方面探讨了援外建筑在地性设计的影响因素。针对援外建筑设计可能存在的冲突矛盾,提出采用参与式共建工作模式、根植当地自然环境、融合社会环境、彰显时代性等应对措施。

艾滋病防治示范区不同人群艾滋病知识调查

目的了解山东省艾滋病综合防治示范区不同人群艾滋病知识水平,确定示范区健康教育的内容和方法。方法采用整群抽样方法,对示范区内的农村居民、在校学生、商业性献血人群、性病门诊就诊者、暗娼和流动人口6类人群共3833人进行问卷调查。结果6类人群艾滋病知识总体知晓率分别为:农村居民51.3%、在校学生47.57%、商业性献血员45.74%、性病门诊就诊者53.13%、暗娼57.6%、流动人口39.08%;实际获得和喜欢获得艾滋病知识的途径均以电视为主,分别占80.15%,81.3%。结论6类人群均对艾滋病知识了解较少,获得艾滋病防治知识的来源范围较窄,应充分发挥当地现有各种媒体资源和可利用卫生资源,开展内容丰富多彩、形式多样和深入广泛的宣传教育,使社会各类人群掌握艾滋病防治知识,增加对艾滋病的认识,从而预防控制艾滋病。