A Cooperative Distributed System for Real-Time Route Guidance

This paper describes a cooperative decentralized architecture for reactive real-time route guidance. The architecture is cooperative in the sense that it allows adjacent local controllers to exchange information regarding the traffic conditions in their territories. A set of local decision rules and associated heuristic functions to support the cooperative architecture are specified. A protocol governing the knowledge exchange among local adjacent controllers is developed. A simulation-assignment modeling framework is used for assessing the effectiveness of this cooperative architecture under various levels of controller knowledge and network traffic congestion. The cooperative decentralized system is tested under various scenarios of knowledge and cooperation and network traffic demand levels. The cooperative system is compared against the shortest path algorithm as a benchmark.

COOPERATIVE DESIGN UNDER CONCURRENT ENGINEERING ENVIRONMENT

主要论述了并行工程环境所支持下的群体通过协同合作进行的工程设计活动。文中首先阐述了工程设计、特别是概念设计的相关问题，接着深入剖析了当今智能ＣＡＤ的优缺点，从而提出了一种基于并行工程、面向群体合作的问题设计策略——协同设计。最后以概念设计自动化为例，建立了以协同设计的概念模型，探讨了模型的基本原理、系统组织以及关键实现技术。

OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC MANIFOLD BLOCKS BASED ON HUMAN-COMPUTER COOPERATIVE GENETIC ALGORITHM

Optimization design of hydraulic manifold blocks (HMB) is studied as acomplex solid spatial layout problem. Based on comprehensive research into structure features anddesign rules of HMB, an optimal mathematical model for this problem is presented. Usinghuman-computer cooperative genetic algorithm (GA) and its hybrid optitation strategies, integratedlayout and connection design schemes of HMB can be automatically optimized. An example is given totestify it.

Test and Experiment Study on Synchronous Cooperative Design System Over Networked Manufacturing Platform

Based on the analysis on the previous research in virtual manufacturing and virtual enterprises,this paper pro- vides a novel architecture of networked manufacturing system around the cooperative design.The key technologies for synchronous cooperative design in networked manufacturing platform,such as the cooperative mechanism,cooperative rules,control authority conveyed,cooperative efficiency,are detailed,with which a synchronous cooperative design system is developed.Due to the cooper- ative efficiency is the major bottleneck of the synchronous cooperative design over Internet,this research details the test and experi- ment to demonstrate the practicality of the system.Finally the advantages of the system are illustrated compared with current soft- ware tools.

Real-time Design Constraints in Implementing Active Vibration Control Algorithms

Although computer architectures incorporate fast processing hardware resources, high performance real-time implementation of a complex control algorithm requires an efficient design and software coding of the algorithm so as to exploit special features of the hardware and avoid associated architecture shortcomings. This paper presents an investigation into the analysis and design mechanisms that will lead to reduction in the execution time in implementing real-time control algorithms. The proposed mechanisms are exemplified by means of one algorithm, which demonstrates their applicability to real-time applications. An active vibration control （AVC） algorithm for a flexible beam system simulated using the finite difference （FD） method is considered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. A comparative performance evaluation of the proposed design mechanisms is presented and discussed through a set of experiments.

The Design of a Three-Dimensional Physical Modeling System for Real-Time Groundwater Flows

In the past decades,physical modeling has been widely used in hydrogeology for teaching,studying and exhibition purposes.Most of these models are used to illustrate hydrogeological profiles,but few can depict three-dimensional groundwater flows,making it impossible to validate groundwater flows simulated by numerical methods with physical modeling.

Cross-layer design of combining AMC with HARQ in cooperative relay system with perfect and imperfect CSI

A cross-layer design which combines adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) at the physical layer with a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol at the data link layer (LL) is presented, in cooperative relay system over Nakagami-m fading channels with perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI). In order to maximize spectral efficiency (SE) under delay and packet error rate (PER) performance constraints, a state transition model and an optimization framework with perfect CSI are presented. Then the framework is extended to cooperative relay system with imperfect CSI. The numerical results show that the scheme can achieve maximum SE while satisfying transmitting delay requirements. Compared with the imperfect CSI, the average PER with perfect CSI is much lower and the spectral efficiency is much higher.

MODELING METHOD OF 4D INFORMATION MODEL FOR COOPERATIVE DESIGN OF MECHANICAL PRODUCTS

The continuous developing features in the design of mechanical product and based on 3D entity model is aimed at, and the extension of the 4-dimensional model with the process of designing, the knowledge described model on the level of semantic understanding and summarizing the designing process and the way of discovering knowledge from multi-information model are studied. On the basis of designing the broad sensed collaborative system, through discussion of the relationship between the implicit knowledge of the users and the designing knowledge as well as commanding all the designing links, taking advantage of the way of concluding and deducting in the concept of the designers, the synthetic knowledge unit formed in the dynamic process from the conception design t9 the last design is schemed out, and the knowledge discovered principle in the dynamic designing process of the mechanical products and the key technology in its implementation under the milieu of network is brought forward.

Cross Layer Design for Cooperative Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks

Several protocols and schemes have been proposed to reduce energy consumption in Wireless Sensor Net-works (WSNs). In this paper we employ farcoopt, a cross layer design approach with the concept of coop-eration among the nodes with best farthest neighbor scheme to increase the Quality of Service (QoS), reduce energy consumption, increases performance and end-to-end throughput. We present cooperative transmission to connect previously disconnect parts of a network thus overcoming the separation problem of multi-hop network. We show that this approach improves connectivity over 50% compared to multi-hop approaches and reduces the number of nodes necessary to provide full coverage of an area up to 35%. Simulation results show that on increase of data rates i.e. packet the network life time increases in farcoopt as compared to tra-ditional multi hop approach. The result of this analysis is presented in this work.

Geometry Services Construction Based on Ontology towards Cooperative Design in Cloud Environment

APIs of CAD system could be encapsulated to construct web services so as to provide standard access interfaces for web-based cooperative design. However, lack of semantic supporting make integration of heterogeneous modelling system limited to operational level. On the purpose of carrying out cooperative design in a flexible cloud environment, an intelligent and effective support mechanism is needed for mass and complex interaction in cooperative work. Therefore, Ontology-based Geometry Modeling Services Environment （OGMSE） is provided to realize a knowledge-level geometry modeling so as to supported semantic 3D model management and intelligent operation support. First, CAD APIs are encapsulated into web service for web invocation. Then, ontology contained structural semantic and operational semantic is built for management of models and modeling process. Lastly, conception-driven modeling mechanism is built to invocate service according to interaction requirement, thus to realize conception-level cooperative design. Based on an open geometry engine, a prototype system has been developed. The result shows that the approach provides a reference direction for large-scale application on the network.

Empirical Analysis of MOOCs Application in Sino-Foreign Cooperative Design Major Teaching

In China, MOOCs have been widely implemented and deeply applied in the teaching system of Sino-foreign cooperative design majors, and have led a sustained and profound educational reform and innovation. Taking aim at this development trend advocated by Chinese higher education department,the researchers specially selected 7 samples in all levels Chinese higher universities and colleges, to deeply analyze the effects of MOOCs in the teaching of Sino-foreign cooperative design major by using various methods such as tracking investigation, questionnaire and interview, statistical comparison and so on. The paper not only systematically elaborates MOOCs advantages through combining the features of Sino-foreign cooperative design major,but also reveals and highlights its potential drawbacks and shortcomings, and simultaneously puts forward the corresponding improvement measures. It aims to provide references of MOOCs weighing utilization for Sino-foreign cooperative design majors which have been carried out on MOOCs teaching or intent to implement.

Differential space-time modulation based on orthogonal design for cooperative network

Differential modulation was widely used for wireless networks in which channel estimation was diffi-cult.Based on orthogonal design,a novel distributed differential space-time coding/decoding scheme forM-PSK modulations was proposed,which had a high code rate of 2/3 and second-order diversity for thetwo-user cooperative networks.The performance of decode-and-forward (DF) protocols was evaluated.Simulations show that the differential space-time modulation scheme in this paper has better bit error rate(BER) performance or higher code rate than the schemes proposed by Tarasak and Wang when interuserchannel states are good enough.The impacts of transmission error between two users for the whole systemBER performance were also investigated.

Application of CGI in Cooperative Design Environment

The paper analyzes the principles and applications of CGI for collaborative design. The utility model possessing broad reference values is set up and its implementation techniques are presented in detail.

A CROSS-LAYER STRATEGY FOR COOPERATIVE DIVERSITY IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

We investigate the problem of how to minimize the energy consumption in multi-hop Wireless Sensor Network (WSN),under the constraint of end-to-end reliability Quality of Seervice (QoS) requirement.Based on the investigation,we jointly consider the routing,relay selection and power allocation algorithm,and present a novel distributed cross-layer strategy using opportunistic relaying scheme for cooperative communication.The results show that under the same QoS requirement,the proposed cross-layer strategy performs better than other cross-layer cooperative communication algorithms in energy efficiency.We also investigated the impact of several parameters on the energy efficiency of the cooperative communication in WSNs,thus can be used to provide guidelines to decide when and how to apply cooperation for a given setup.

Study on DSM-based task planning of product cooperative development

The results of analyzing the managerial characteristics and complexity of product cooperative development suggest that task planning is an important aspect for process management of product cooperative development and the method for planning tasks should be able to model the dependency between tasks and iterations during the development process. In this paper, a DSM-based method and its corresponding optimization algorithms are developed. At first the coupled task sets and uncoupled task sets are identified, and the tasks are then optimized by the corresponding algorithms. The optimal tasks plan will reduce the development time and cost. Considering the practical requirements in real world, a Multilayer DSM is proposed, and its information communication techniques between DSM and traversing principle are described in details.

Discussion about Shareholding Cooperative Development Road for Agricultural Cooperatives in China

Using modern economic theories,this paper analyzed drawbacks of Shareholding cooperative development of agricultural cooperatives in institutional design and expounded inevitable difficulties of development of agricultural cooperatives. Shareholding cooperative development provides a pass for many social forces entering and controlling agricultural cooperatives and making numerous non-agricultural cooperative organizations become formal cooperatives. Deep cause for Shareholding cooperative development of agricultural cooperatives involves how to recognize status and function of family producers of agricultural products in the drive of agricultural modernization and the problem of state policies choosing family producers of agricultural products or other participants in the agricultural industry chain. Shareholding cooperative development is only an expedient measure in certain period,and it should not change development laws of things and essential feature of agricultural cooperatives because of stressing national conditions.

Prosumer Cooperation Behavior:Implications for Prosumer Community Design

The decentralization of the energy sector＇s infrastructure is commonly understood as an important step towards an efficient and sustainable energy system. However, technical measures only have a limited impact on the systems goals. The decentralization of decision-making, the empowerment of households and the occurrence of prosumer communities require more human-centric approaches to meet future challenges; the application of the subsidiarity principle and decentralization seems inevitable but also unclear in its implementation in an energy system, the cooperation behavior of community members gains in importance and the design of prosumer communities must overcome economic problems. This article emphasizes the human-centered challenges which go along with prosumer communities. We apply economic principles to reveal major problems which go with the shifts in energy-related decision-making towards prosumers and integrate behavioral science for prosumer community design. We highlight the importance of energy as an interpersonal construct; a view on energy which will gain in importance within a prosumer communities shaped network.

Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning in College English Reading Class

Cooperative learning emerging as the leading new approach to classroom instruction abroad over the past decades has been studied by many researchers from all aspects.This paper mainly focuses on the basics of cooperative learning and tries to answer the question that if the use of cooperative learning produce higher achievement than the traditional methods in college English reading class through experimental study.The analysis contributes to better college English teaching and learning.A conclusion is drawn that cooperative learning is very effective in improving college students reading ability.

结构抗震设计课程产学合作协同育人教学模式构建

教育部产学合作协同育人教学内容和课程体系改革项目,旨在将人才培养的最新要求引入教学过程,推动高校更新教学内容、完善课程体系,建设适应行业发展需要、可共享的资源并推广应用。顺应国家战略要求,针对目前土木工程专业理论课程教学中普遍存在的问题和结构抗震设计的课程特点,基于混合式教学方法构建产学合作协同育人教学模式,探讨教学内容的调整优化、典型结构分析软件的引入、课程大作业的设计、试验项目的选取、考核方式以及教研试验平台的建立和利用等教学改革措施,描述了该教学模式的主要思路和关键实施步骤,列举了在理论知识、工程应用、创新思想和专业素质方面的收获和启发,验证了产学合作协同育人教学模式的良好效果。